In Europe, these diseases are present in all countries. [pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

The global distribution and transmission limits of lymphatic filariasis: past and present. Parasit Vectors. 2014;7(1):466. CrossRef PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar Cui YX, Guan JC, Xu XQ. Trichinellosis: a study of 38 cases. [link.springer.com]

Suspected cases (n = 7 of 11) presented only with low scores (1–3 of 9), whereas birds with confirmed infections (n = 4 of 11) presented with both low (1–3 of 9, n = 2 of 4) and high (6–7 of 9, n = 2 of 4) total scores. [bioone.org]

• Falling

  Clinical signs may include: behavioural changes torticollis (head tilt) circling seizures vertical nystagmus (eye flicking/twitching) swaying falling over paralysis ataxia (loss of co-ordination). [stortvet.com]

• Pleural Effusion

  Diagnosis and treatment of pleural effusion caused by filariasis. J Clin Pneumotol. 2013;18(1):112,–113. Google Scholar Mendoza N, Li A, Gill A, et al. Filariasis: diagnosis and treatment. Dermatol Ther. 2009;22(6):475–90. [link.springer.com]

• Torticollis

  Clinical signs may include: behavioural changes torticollis (head tilt) circling seizures vertical nystagmus (eye flicking/twitching) swaying falling over paralysis ataxia (loss of co-ordination). [stortvet.com]

• Confusion

  Merriam-Webster unabridged Commonly Confused Words Quiz I went to the ______ store to buy a birthday card. [merriam-webster.com]

• Nystagmus

  Clinical signs may include: behavioural changes torticollis (head tilt) circling seizures vertical nystagmus (eye flicking/twitching) swaying falling over paralysis ataxia (loss of co-ordination). [stortvet.com]

• Ataxia

  Clinical signs may include: behavioural changes torticollis (head tilt) circling seizures vertical nystagmus (eye flicking/twitching) swaying falling over paralysis ataxia (loss of co-ordination). [stortvet.com]

• Pleural Effusion

  Diagnosis and treatment of pleural effusion caused by filariasis. J Clin Pneumotol. 2013;18(1):112,–113. Google Scholar Mendoza N, Li A, Gill A, et al. Filariasis: diagnosis and treatment. Dermatol Ther. 2009;22(6):475–90. [link.springer.com]

Anti-parasitic medications, such as albendazole or fenbendazole, together with anti-inflammatory medications, to help inflammation is the usual treatment of choice. [stortvet.com]

Diagnosis and treatment of pleural effusion caused by filariasis. J Clin Pneumotol. 2013;18(1):112,–113. Google Scholar Mendoza N, Li A, Gill A, et al. Filariasis: diagnosis and treatment. Dermatol Ther. 2009;22(6):475–90. [link.springer.com]

Follow-up evaluations after 6 mon of treatment with ivermectin and selamectin suggested complete recovery with lowered or normalized total scores. [bioone.org]

Epidemiology and management of foodborne nematodiasis in the European Union, systematic review 2000-2016 Marta Serrano-Moliner et al. Pathog Glob Health. 2018 Jul. [pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

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