The second infant presented with thyroid storm and the third infant present with neonatal hyperthyroidism, and both required treatment with antithyroid drugs. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

In our three cases, we report various clinical presentations, from fetal death to neonatal hyperthyroidism with different grade of severity. [jmedicalcasereports.biomedcentral.com]

• Fever

  Diagnosis is based on a combination of signs and symptoms: fever, tachycardia out of proportion to the fever, altered mental status (nervousness, restlessness, confusion, seizures), vomiting, diarrhea, and cardiac arrhythmia. [aafp.org]

  In subacute thyroiditis these manifestations are present but less severe and may have been preceded by a viral illness; fever may last for several weeks. [merckmanuals.com]

  Thyroid storm is characterized by exaggerated symptoms of hyperthyroidism, such as a very fast heart rate, high fever, diarrhea, agitation, delirium, and/or decreased consciousness. [verywell.com]

  Thyroid storm, a serious form of hyperthyroidism, may show up as sudden and acute symptoms, some of which mimic typical hyperthyroidism, as well as the addition of fever, substantial weakness, extreme restlessness, confusion, emotional swings or psychosis [healthofchildren.com]

  Patients must be warned to seek urgent medical review and have blood tests, should they develop fever, mouth ulcers and sore throat. Carbimazole may be stopped when remission is achieved (usually after 18–24 months of starting treatment). [dermnetnz.org]

• Failure to Thrive

  Clinical features of neonatal hypothyroidism Age Clinical signs/features Birth Post term, large for dates, transient temperature instability, large posterior fontanelle, goitre Early signs Hypotonia, poor feeding, failure to thrive, prolonged jaundice [www2.health.vic.gov.au]

  They can include: Low birth weight Small or abnormally shaped head Poor weight gain (failure to thrive) Enlarged liver and spleen Swelling of the front of the neck due to large thyroid (goiter) Fast heartbeat, which can lead to heart failure Warm, moist [childrensnational.org]

  Other early findings are failure to thrive, vomiting, and diarrhea. Affected infants almost always recover within 6 mo; the course is rarely longer. [merckmanuals.com]

• Hypertension

  Beta-blockers, such as atenolol or propranolol, may be used to control hypertension and tachycardia. [merckmanuals.com]

  The pregnancy was complicated by pregnancy-induced hypertension and vaginal bleeding. The infant required nasal-CPAP for 3 days, was transitioned to room air, and discharged on day 10 of life. [acgcasereports.gi.org]

  It is an important condition to treat adequately as if uncontrolled it is associated with important health risks both for the mother (a five-fold increase in pregnancy-induced hypertension, and very rarely the occurrence of a thyroid storm or heart failure [icid.salisbury.nhs.uk]

  […] increases heart rate and contractility and decreases systemic vascular resistance fatigue and muscle weakness weight loss hyperactivity and/or tremulousness diarrhea warm moist skin and sweating heat intolerance eye pain and/or double vision Physical exam hypertension [medbullets.com]

  The many signs and symptoms of hyperthyroidism include tremors, nervousness, insomnia, excessive sweating, heat intolerance, tachycardia, hypertension, and goiter. Graves' disease is responsible for 95 percent of hyperthyroidism cases in pregnancy. [aafp.org]

• Neck Mass

  Abstract On the rare occasion when neonatal goiter is the cause of airway compromise, it typically presents with a palpable neck mass. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Agitated Delirium

  Thyroid storm is characterized by exaggerated symptoms of hyperthyroidism, such as a very fast heart rate, high fever, diarrhea, agitation, delirium, and/or decreased consciousness. [verywell.com]

• Vaginal Bleeding

  Case Report A 2.126-kg male infant born via vaginal delivery at 35.5 weeks gestational age to a G1P1 mother developed jaundice. The pregnancy was complicated by pregnancy-induced hypertension and vaginal bleeding. [acgcasereports.gi.org]

Laboratory workup showed a thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) of 0.009 uIU/mL and free T4 (FT4) of 1.4 ng/dL. TSAbs were negative. The infant was progressing as expected until DOL 7 when she developed tachycardia with a heart rate in 220 s. [jcnonweb.com]

(See Workup, Treatment, and Medications.) Although Perry was first to report hyperthyroidism in English, the classic description, in 1835, by Graves became most widely accepted. Europeans often prefer to recognize the description by Basedow. [emedicine.medscape.com]

• Abnormal Thyroid Function Test

  39 THE THYROID NODULE 374 HORMONE ERNEST L MAZZAFERRI 402 THYROID HORMONE RESISTANCE KENNETH D BURMAN 428 THYROID FUNCTION TESTS 329 and LEONARD WARTOFSKY 440 THYROID SONOGRAPHY COMPUTED and MARTIN 1 SURKS 454 ABNORMAL THYROID FUNCTION TEST 47 THYROID [books.google.de]

Serum T4 also decreased after ipodate administration to 69% and 41% of the pretreatment value after 72 h and 7 days of treatment, respectively; values thereafter during treatment ranged from 19-22 micrograms/dl. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Early diagnosis and treatment are key objectives for an optimal prognosis and the well-being of the child. This review focuses on the management of these patients during the fetal and neonatal periods. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Immediate treatment is essential for a good prognosis, prenatal treatment improves foetal and neonatal development. [endocrine-abstracts.org]

Prognosis Hyperthyroidism is generally treatable and carries a good prognosis. Most patients lead normal lives with proper treatment. Thyroid storm, however, can be life-threatening and can lead to heart, liver, or kidney failure. [healthofchildren.com]

Therefore, the prognosis of the disorder greatly depends on the form of therapy chosen. [emedicine.medscape.com]

Introduction Neonatal cholestasis can be due to a variety of etiologies, including anatomic abnormalities, infections, and metabolic diseases. [acgcasereports.gi.org]

Although the pathogenesis of Graves' disease remains obscure, a long-acting thyroid stimulating substance (LATS), initially described by Adams (3), has been implicated as a possible etiological FULL TEXT [annals.org]

Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, 54, 433-434. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/MPG.0b013e318228f9a8 [ 25 ] Karpen, S.J. (2002) Update on the Etiologies and Management of Neonatal Cholestasis. [scirp.org]

[…] thyroid enlargement myxedema dermal accumulation of mucopolysaccharides non-pitting hyperreflexia Studies Diagnostic testing diagnostic approach screening for patients with clinical suspicion autoantibody titers are diagnostic imaging to differentiate etiologies [medbullets.com]

Cunningham Current Epidemiology Reports, 2015, Volume 2, Number 1, Page 1 [16] Ka Hee Yi, Kyung Won Kim, Chang Hoon Yim, Eui Dal Jung, Jin-Hoon Chung, Hyun-Kyung Chung, Soon Cheol Hong, and Jae Hoon Chung Journal of Korean Thyroid Association, 2014, Volume [degruyter.com]

Introduction Clinical definition autoimmune hyperthyroidism Epidemiology demographics the most common cause of hyperthyroidism in the United States female dominant typically 20-40 years of age Pathogenesis triggered by stress e.g. childbirth, infection [medbullets.com]

Epidemiology and aetiology In Europe, thyrotoxicosis affects around 1 in 2,000 people annually. [ 1 ] Graves' disease is the most common cause of thyrotoxicosis, accounting for around 75% of cases. [patient.info]

Epidemiology Occurrence in the United States The prevalence of Graves disease in childhood in the United States has not been quantitated. An incidence of 0.2-0.4% has been speculated but is probably an overestimation. [emedicine.medscape.com]

من الصفحات Werner & Ingbar’s The Thyroid: A Fundamental and Clinical Text, 10th Edition has been extensively revised and streamlined to deliver the most comprehensive coverage of the thyroid including anatomy, development, biochemistry, physiology, pathophysiology [books.google.com]

Clinical Information Discusses physiology, pathophysiology, and general clinical aspects, as they relate to a laboratory test Autoimmune thyroid disease is characterized by the presence of autoantibodies against various thyroid components, namely the [mayomedicallaboratories.com]

The pathophysiology of Graves' disease can have a variable effect on thyroid function and patients may remain euthyroid or become hypothyroid. There may be a personal or family history of autoimmune disease. [patient.info]

Analysis of overall pathophysiological relation-ships between serum levels of TSH and thyroid hormones using a large laboratory database. [morinomiya-u.ac.jp]

Pathophysiology The reasons for the development of Graves disease are presently unknown. [emedicine.medscape.com]

Sometimes steroid drugs like Prednisone are prescribed to prevent immune response and provide relief. People with blurring vision, double vision and other vision problems may need special lenses and glasses. [news-medical.net]

It can also cause: Early closing of bones in the skull Intellectual disability Hyperactivity Fast growth that slows and then stops early, leading to short height What can I do to prevent Graves disease? There is no known way to prevent the disorder. [childrensnational.org]

Prevention As of 2004 there are no known prevention methods for hyperthyroidism; its causes are either inherited or not completely understood. [healthofchildren.com]

Prevention There are no known prevention methods for hyperthyroidism, since its causes are either inherited or not completely understood. [encyclopedia.com]

Fetal hyperthyroidism can be prevented by administering ATDs to the mother. PTU and MMI/CMZ cross the placenta and are equally effective for treating hyperthyroidism in pregnancy. [karger.com]