Her presentation was ultimately explained with a diagnosis of both conditions, and required treatment with phenobarbitone. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Jaundice presenting in the first 24 hours of life Jaundice presenting in the first 24 hours of life is more likely to have a serious underlying cause such as infection, haemolytic disease or metabolic disorder. [patient.info]

• Decreased Breath Sounds

  Lungs are examined for crackles (rales), rhonchi, and decreased breath sounds (pneumonia). The abdomen is examined for distention, mass (hepatosplenomegaly), or pain (intestinal obstruction). [merckmanuals.com]

• Intestinal Atresia

  […] distention, decreased bowel sounds Possible delayed manifestation (2–3 days or later) Intestinal obstruction (eg, cystic fibrosis, Hirschsprung disease, intestinal atresia or stenosis, pyloric stenosis, biliary atresia ) TORCH = toxoplasmosis, other [merckmanuals.com]

  atresia Bilirubin undersecretion: Conjugation defect or delay: Criggler-Najar syndrome, Gilbert syndrome, Hypothyroidism, Prematurity, UDGP-T variant Increased enterohepatic circulation: Inadequate breastfeeding (Breast feeding jaundice), Intestinal [epomedicine.com]

• Decreased Bowel Sounds

  Lungs are examined for crackles (rales), rhonchi, and decreased breath sounds (pneumonia). The abdomen is examined for distention, mass (hepatosplenomegaly), or pain (intestinal obstruction). [merckmanuals.com]

• Jaundice

  The prevalence of neonatal jaundice was 55.2%; however, only 10% of black babies who were diagnosed with jaundice appeared clinically jaundiced. Normal vaginal delivery was the only risk factor associated with neonatal jaundice. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Neonatal Jaundice

  Black race and maternal smoking were not protective against neonatal jaundice as in some other studies. CONCLUSION: More than half (55.2%) of healthy term neonates developed neonatal jaundice. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Hearing Impairment

  Although 71.7% and 69.7%, respectively, of the mothers knew that severe jaundice could cause death and brain damage, only 38.4% of them were aware that severe jaundice could result in hearing impairment. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  When monitored and treated in a timely manner, progression of severe hyperbilirubinemia can be curtailed and prevent kernicterus, a life long athetoid cerebral palsy and/or sensori-neural hearing impairment. [nature.com]

  Olusanya BO, Neumann KJ, Saunders JE: The global burden of disabling hearing impairment: a call to action. Bull World Health Organ 2014;92:367-373. Thaddeus S, Maine D: Too far to walk: maternal mortality in context. Soc Sci Med 1994;38:1091-1110. [karger.com]

• Yellow Discoloration of the Skin

  Engelsk definition Yellow discoloration of the SKIN; MUCOUS MEMBRANE; and SCLERA in the NEWBORN. It is a sign of NEONATAL HYPERBILIRUBINEMIA. [mesh.kib.ki.se]

  Definition Neonatal jaundice is the yellowing discoloration of the skin and sclera of a neonate, which is caused by increased levels of bilirubin in the blood. A neonate refers to an infant in the first 28 days of life. [bestpractice.bmj.com]

  The yellow discoloration of the skin will begin on the face and forehead and extend toward the feet as the levels of bilirubin increase. [medicinenet.com]

Do workup for underlying cause if receiving phototherapy, appears ill, or bili rising rapidly (i.e. crossing percentiles), and no obvious explanation on Hx/Px: Total and (with the first measurement) direct bilirubin--If the latter is elevated, check u [faculty.washington.edu]

An additional workup for hyperbilirubinemia may include: Blood group and direct Coombs testing in babies who are at risk of Rh or ABO isoimmunization. [pathophys.org]

In up to 50 percent of infants with severe jaundice, breastfeeding and lower gestational age were the only causes identified despite extensive workups. [encyclopedia.com]

Prognosis depends on timely diagnosis and management. We evaluated the clinical practices among healthcare professionals concerning jaundiced newborns and their ability to recognize pale stools. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Prevention, and Complications Prognosis ranges widely can spontaneously resolve or be fatal depending on etiology Prevention preventive measures are usually not available stop breast-feeding to speed resolution of neonatal jaundice, though not required [step2.medbullets.com]

Prognosis This is dependent on the underlying cause but otherwise excellent with prompt diagnosis and treatment. Biliary atresia requires surgery within the first two months of life for a better prognosis [ 5 ] . [patient.info]

Many different etiologies come into play together, and at times, it is difficult to isolate the cause of neonatal jaundice. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Figure 1: Etiologies of neonatal jaundice. [omicsonline.org]

Abstract Using guidelines of the Meta-analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology Group, we systematically reviewed the literature on neonatal jaundice (unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia) and Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) in term and preterm infants [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

G., In this issue, Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology, 20, 4, (269), (2006). [doi.org]

Epidemiology: Up to 60% of term and 80% or prem neonates become clinically jaundiced during the first week of life. Most resolve within 2 weeks and remain well throughout and require no treatment or intervention. [empem.org]

Major pathophysiological causes or associations include ABO and other blood group incompatibility, glucose-6-phoshate-dehydrogenase deficiency, infection and haemolysis of other causes including spherocytosis. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

NEONATAL HYPERBILIRUBINEMIA Pathophysiology Causes of Neonatal Hyperpbilirubinemia Evaluation of Neonatal Jaundice When to Treat How to Treat PATHOPHYSIOLOGY "Bilirubin encephalopathy" Refers to a neonatal syndrome of neurologic abnormalities and, in [faculty.washington.edu]

Hayk Minasyan, Mechanisms and pathways for the clearance of bacteria from blood circulation in health and disease, Pathophysiology, 23, 2, (61), (2016). Ludmila N. Bakhireva, Renate D. Savich, Dennis W. Raisch, Sandra Cano, Robert D. [doi.org]

Figure 1 Medical and preventive strategies to reduce hyperbilirubinemia. Figure 2 Approaches to achieve aviation safety standards to prevent extreme hyperbilirubinemia. [nature.com]

It is of concern that currently there is a paucity of incidence data in Australia relating to this potentially devastating yet generally preventable condition. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Timely detection, monitoring, and treatment within this window is effective in preventing most bilirubin-induced mortality. [doi.org]