This is a series of 12 patients with CNS Whipple’s disease, along with an analysis of 122 CNS Whipple’s disease cases reported in the literature. CrossRef Google Scholar 10. [link.springer.com]

Although previously considered a late manifestation of Whipple disease, neurological involvement is now frequently the initial clinical manifestation and represents the greatest risk for long-term disability. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Whipple’s Disease. In: UpToDate, Post TW (Ed), UpToDate, Waltham, MA. (Accessed on May 29, 2016.) [eyewiki.aao.org]

The tinctorial demonstration of a glycoprotein in Whipple's disease. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med. 1949. 72:225. Paulley JW. A case of Whipple's disease (intestinal lipodystrophy). Gastroenterology. 1952. 22:128-33. [emedicine.medscape.com]

Keywords: Tropheryma whipplei, whipple’s disease, central nervous system, relapse. [benthamopen.com]

gaze palsy, rhythmic myoclonus, 3) dementia with psychiatric symptoms, 4) hypothalamic manifestations”. [benthamopen.com]

It is characterized by smooth, continuous, slow (1-3 Hz), pendular, convergent-divergent nystagmus, concurrent contractions of the masticatory muscles, supranuclear vertical gaze palsy, and occasionally, rhythmic movements of the limbs (see video in Media [eyewiki.aao.org]

She still suffered from vertical gaze palsy and sixth cranial nerve paresis on the left side. MRI from November 2014 found no new lesions; the previous lesions had partially regressed. [dovepress.com]

Pathognomonic findings include oculomasticatory or oculofacial-skeletal myorhythmia, which generally occur with supranuclear vertical gaze palsy. 7 Cranial nerve findings (including hearing loss and visual changes) have also been described. 8 Rarely, [gastroenterologyandhepatology.net]

Neurological manifestations include dementia (56 percent), abnormalities of eye movements (33p. cent), involuntary movements (28 percent), seizures, hypothalamic dysfunction, myelopathy, ataxia and psychiatric manifestations. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Patients with central nervous system (CNS) involvement may present in a variety of ways, including cognitive impairment, psychiatric manifestations, gaze palsies, upper motor neuron signs, and hypothalamic dysfunction. [link.springer.com]

Patients may present in a variety of ways, including cognitive impairment, psychiatric manifestations, gaze palsies, upper motor neurone signs and hypothalamic dysfunction. [jmedicalcasereports.biomedcentral.com]

Nystagmus present Oculopalatal myoclonus – oculopalatal myoclonus refers to a condition in which palatal myoclonus is associated with skeletal limb involvement and convergent-divergent nystagmus that can persist during sleep. [eyewiki.aao.org]

A specific clinical triad noted in CNS-WD includes dementia, vertical ophthalmoplegia, and myoclonus. [emedicine.medscape.com]

Segmental myoclonus in Whipple's disease Electromyogr Clin Neurophysiol 1995; 35: 113-6. ]. [benthamopen.com]

Clinical presentation Clinical features are non-specific and include: progressive dementia external ophthalmoplegia myoclonus seizures ataxia hypothalamic dysfunction (e.g. sleep disorders, polydipsia, polyphagia) Radiographic features The CT scans and [radiopaedia.org]

The most common neurologic manifestations are dementia, ophthalmoplegia, hypothalamopituitary dysfunction, and myoclonus. Occulofacial-skeletal myorhythmia is particularly suggestive of Whipple’s disease. [neuropathologyblog.blogspot.com]

Oculomasticatory myorhythmia (OMM) is a pathognomonic manifestation of Whipple’s disease of the central nervous system. [eyewiki.aao.org]

Note that oculomasticatory myorhythmia (continuous rhythmic movements of the eye with mastication and convergence) is almost pathognomonic of the disease. [prognosisapp.com]

A progressive dementia may be seen, but the pathognomonic signs of CNS disease, when present, are oculomasticatory myorhythmia and oculofacial-skeletal myorhythmia. Antibiotics that cross the blood-brain barrier are therefore required. [enotes.tripod.com]

Oculomasticatory myorhythmia: a unique movement disorder occurring in Whipple's disease. Ann Neurol. 1986 Dec. 20(6):677-83. [Medline]. Brandle M, Ammann P, Spinas GA, Dutly F, Galeazzi RL, Schmid C, et al. [emedicine.medscape.com]

Oculomasticatory myorhythmia and oculofacial-skeletal myorhythmia occur and are said to be pathognomonic for Whipple's disease—Louis et al 34 claim that these findings have not been documented in cases other than Whipple's disease and consider them to [jnnp.bmj.com]

Nystagmus present Oculopalatal myoclonus – oculopalatal myoclonus refers to a condition in which palatal myoclonus is associated with skeletal limb involvement and convergent-divergent nystagmus that can persist during sleep. [eyewiki.aao.org]

Gaze-Evoked Nystagmus Our patient also had gaze-evoked nystagmus. The slow phase of the nystagmus had velocity-decreasing waveform (arrows in Figure 3 ). [journal.frontiersin.org]

Other common clinical signs include ophthalmoplegia, nystagmus, and myoclonia. Various cranial nerve symptoms, such as hearing loss and blurring of vision, have also been reported. [prognosisapp.com]

Further neurological symptoms include disorders of eye movement, for example, ophthalmoplegia and nystagmus, complex cranial-nerve manifestations and myoclonus [ 1, 5 ]. [jmedicalcasereports.biomedcentral.com]

Convergent and return divergent movements happen at the same speed (this does not represent nystagmus, as both phases are of the same speed) and are not accompanied by miosis or accommodation. [emedicine.medscape.com]

Patients with central nervous system (CNS) involvement may present in a variety of ways, including cognitive impairment, psychiatric manifestations, gaze palsies, upper motor neuron signs, and hypothalamic dysfunction. [link.springer.com]

Approximately 20%–40% of patients suffer from neurological manifestations such as encephalopathy, ophthalmoplegia, myoclonus, ataxia, upper motor neuron manifestations, cognitive impairment, and hypothalamic manifestations. 3 CNS involvement carries a [dovepress.com]

During the last year he progressively presented anorexia and weight loss, myoclonic-like movements of right upper and lower extremes, gait, occulomotor and sleep disturbances, depressive mood, withdrawal, and cognitive impairment. [benthamopen.com]

Over a period of several years prior to presentation, the patient experienced progressive hearing loss (predominantly affecting his left ear), and progressive cognitive impairment was noted by his family members. [gastroenterologyandhepatology.net]

Approximately 71% of patients with CNS Whipple’s disease show signs of cognitive impairment, and nearly half of these patients also demonstrate psychiatric disturbances ( 93 ). Patients have sometimes been misdiagnosed with Alzheimer disease. [oncohemakey.com]

It differs from other forms of pendular nystagmus in that it is smooth and continuous with a high amplitude and slow frequency. [eyewiki.aao.org]

positive rod shaped bacillus which is not acid fast. [jnnp.bmj.com]