At rest or at night Cirrhosis, vascular occlusive disease, peripheral neuropathy, diabetes mellitus, severe renal failure and postphlebitic syndrome Baskol 2004 [ 21 ] 6/9 The prevalence of muscle cramps in non-alcoholic cirrhosis patients. [bmcfampract.biomedcentral.com]

Immune function can be affected increasing susceptibility to infection. When you can’t get a good night’s sleep on a regular basis there are even more serious consequences. [peoplespharmacy.com]

[…] leg syndrome or periodic limb movement disorder Numbness, tingling and "electric" pain, with secondary cramps; unrelated to sleep or exercise Peripheral neuropathy Cramps accompanied by metabolic signs or symptoms Kidney failure Cramps accompanied by jaundice [bpac.org.nz]

vision, impaired hearing, confusion, headache, abdominal pain, vertigo, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea Severe toxicity Reduced consciousness, seizures, hypoglycaemia, deafness, peripheral visual field constriction, reduced visual acuity, blindness [academic.oup.com]

Stimulating these TRP channels can stop muscle cramps in their tracks ( Muscle & Nerve, Sept. 2017 ). [peoplespharmacy.com]

As stated in the editorial, I do not believe that the use of quinine for muscle cramps should be banned. I concur with the conclusion of the systematic review with recommendations Dr. [cmaj.ca]

Male 38% Painful involuntary muscle cramps in the legs or feet during rest. It interrupts sleep. [bmcfampract.biomedcentral.com]

N-of-1 trials of quinine efficacy in skeletal muscle cramps of the leg. Br J Gen Pract 2005 ; 55 : 181 – 5. 31. Randomised controlled trial of hydroquinine in muscle cramps. Lancet 1997 ; 349 : 528 – 32. 33. [academic.oup.com]

These include: Pregnancy Alcoholism Dehydration /electrolyte imbalances Parkinson’s disease Neuromuscular disorders ( neuropathy, myopathy, motor neuron disease) Structural disorders ( flat feet ) Endocrine disorders ( diabetes, hypothyroidism ) Diuretics [my.clevelandclinic.org]

"Statin-induced apoptosis and skeletal myopathy". Am. J. Physiol., Cell Physiol. 291 (6): C1208–12. doi : 10.1152/ajpcell.00226.2006. PMID 16885396. Lamperti C, Naini AB, Lucchini V, et al. (2005). [en.wikipedia.org]

With a normal CK, I think the major myopathies are less likely. [pediatrics.aappublications.org]

Finally, and more seriously, leg cramps may be linked to neurological disorders, including muscle disease (myopathies), nerve disease (neuropathies), motor neuron disease (ALS), and Parkinson’s disease, says Dr. Jaffee. [menshealth.com]

Do you ever have severe headaches, back pain, or joint or hip pain? If so, claim your FREE copy, right now, of our special guide on proven, effective pain relief. [universityhealthnews.com]

NLC is characterized by abrupt muscle contraction, most often in the gastrocnemius or foot muscles, which occurs at night and may result in significant sleep disturbances. [mayoclinic.pure.elsevier.com]

This sleep-wake disorder is a frequent cause of sleep disturbance. Nocturnal leg cramps may delay sleep onset, wake the sleeper up, and delay the patient’s ability to fall back asleep, all of which results in lower sleep efficiency. [tuck.com]

Demographics, medical history, sleep disturbances, and cardiometabolic risk factors were evaluated using the 2005–2006 dataset. [journals.plos.org]

Article First Online: 09 January 2010 Abstract Nocturnal leg cramps are a frequent cause of sleep disturbance among the general population, especially among the elderly. [link.springer.com]

Restless leg syndrome in particular can cause leg discomfort and involuntary movements. People with blockages in the arteries of the legs also might have pain and cramping, though these occur with movement rather than at rest in bed. [eu.detroitnews.com]

Often the trigger is the involuntary movement of the foot downward from the ankle (plantarflexion). There is no easy way to avoid this from happening. [chicagohealthonline.com]

I should also point out that whenever involuntary muscle contraction is seen, the first step is to distinguish neuromuscular involuntary muscle contraction from involuntary movement disorders of the central nervous system (eg, chorea, myoclonic jerks, [pediatrics.aappublications.org]

Long-term treatment with levodopa can also lead to drug-induced dyskinesia, a condition characterized by exaggerated involuntary movements or uncontrolled muscle contractions. [mountsinai.org]

consciousness, seizures, hypoglycaemia, deafness, peripheral visual field constriction, reduced visual acuity, blindness, cardiac arrhythmias Drug interactions Increased quinine toxicity with concurrent use of potent CYP3A4 inhibitors including azole [academic.oup.com]

Periodic limb movement disorder is a nonpainful, repetitive, rhythmic, slow dorsiflexion of the toes, knees, and hips during sleep. The movements last for seconds and recur at intervals of seconds to about one minute. [aafp.org]