(coughing of blood), and hematuria are generally obvious and reported while uterine bleeding or GI bleeding can be overlooked or occult and may present as unexplained anemia Post-hemorrhagic Anemia: Blood loss -Excessive menstrual bleeding often goes [cram.com]

My MCV has actually dropped from 91.1 in XXXXXXX to 83.7 at present, so megaloblastic anemia seems rather unlikely to me. [healthmagic.gq]

The most common cause of this is folic acid or B12 deficiency Folic Acid Deficiency Causes Decreased intake likely secondary to alcohol abuse Decreased absorption – intake of folic acid antagonist (Methotrexate) Pregnancy Hemolytic anemia Clinic Presentation [physicianassistantexamreview.com]

Presentation on theme: "Normocytic Normochromic Anemias"— Presentation transcript: 1 Normocytic Normochromic Anemias M H Qari, MD, FRCPA Associate Professor of Hematology 2 Aplastic anemia Aplastic anemia is a severe, life threatening syndrome in which [slideplayer.com]

MICROCYTIC ANEMIA Presented by- Dr. Monika Nema Dr. [slideshare.net]

• Beta Thalassaemia Major

  Mutation of both genes (beta thalassaemia major) results in a severe transfusion dependent anaemia. Because beta globin synthesis only starts around the time of birth, this will usually become apparent during the first year of life. [bpac.org.nz]

• Anemia

  OBJECTIVES: Normocytic-normochromic anemia is frequently found in patients with chronic disorders. The pathogenesis, epidemiological and clinical characteristics of normocytic normochromic anemia of unknown cause are not well established. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Treatment of aplastic anemia is a twofold process. [britannica.com]

  Anemia of chronic disease 2. Problems with production: aplastic anemia, hypoplastic anemia, marrow infiltration with leukaemia 3. [quizlet.com]

  […] causing anemia -Anemia of ... disorders -Aplastic or ... anemia -... bone marrow chronic hypoplastic Hyperplastic Post-hemorrhagic Anemia: Blood loss -Hct ... after acute bleeding; RBC’s and plasma fall together and for 24 to 48 hours blood remains NC [cram.com]

• Weakness

  Because it is a form of anemia you may feel weak and dizzy periodically. With the blood flow failing, you may look very pale and feel tired most of the time. [newhealthguide.org]

  Flow cytometry shows a cell population coexpressing dim CD45, CD34, CD117, weak CD11b, HLA-DR and weak CD13, representing blasts of less than 1% of the total gated cells. this population also expresses HLA-DR and CD11b in subsets A: CPRP CD11B wk+ CD11c [mds-foundation.org]

  Manifestations of aplastic anemia are related to these deficiencies and include weakness, increased susceptibility to infections, and bleeding. [britannica.com]

• Surgical Procedure

  These crises usually last 2–6 days, may be associated with fever as well as leukocytosis, and may lead to unnecessary surgical procedures unless the hematologic diagnosis is suspected. [glowm.com]

• Nausea

  Side effects: nausea, vomiting and constipation. Parenteral iron therapy: Indications: Malabsorption syndrome. Intolerance to oral iron. Need to rapid response. Preparations: Iron-dextran complex: IV or IM injection. [gfmer.ch]

  This will encourage your bone marrow to generate additional blood cells which will let your body get more oxygen and cut down on your weakness, nausea and drowsiness while you are dealing with the other condition. 2. [newhealthguide.org]

  Gastrointestinal tract : Decreased oxygen supply to the gastrointestinal tract often produces abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and anorexia. [innvista.com]

• Vomiting

  Side effects: nausea, vomiting and constipation. Parenteral iron therapy: Indications: Malabsorption syndrome. Intolerance to oral iron. Need to rapid response. Preparations: Iron-dextran complex: IV or IM injection. [gfmer.ch]

  Gastrointestinal tract : Decreased oxygen supply to the gastrointestinal tract often produces abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and anorexia. [innvista.com]

  Immediate reactions may include headache; dyspnea; flushing; chest, abdominal, or back pain; nausea and vomiting; fever; hypotension; seizures; urticaria; and anaphylaxis. [ahcmedia.com]

• Diarrhea

  Folate-deficient children present with common symptoms of anemia, as well as chronic diarrhea. Folate deficiency can also occur with kwashiorkor or marasmus. [diet.com]

  […] acid or B12 deficiency Folic Acid Deficiency Causes Decreased intake likely secondary to alcohol abuse Decreased absorption – intake of folic acid antagonist (Methotrexate) Pregnancy Hemolytic anemia Clinic Presentation Sore/swollen tongue GI issues: diarrhea [physicianassistantexamreview.com]

  It should be administered with meals during pregnancy as this may reduce the incidence of gastric irritation, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. [glowm.com]

• Blood in Stool

  […] smear Red blood cell Count Red cell indices Hemoglobin Hematocrit Reticulocyte count Platelet count whit blood cell count blood in stool & urine Peripheral Blood smear Laboratory Evaluation of anemia starts with the hemogram, that is the complete blood [pitt.edu]

  They may run blood tests to check for celiac disease. They may test your blood and stool for H. pylori bacterial infection. [healthline.com]

  […] donation, blood loss from non-gastrointestinal sources, e.g. nosebleeds, trauma, surgery Ask about weight loss and gastrointestinal symptoms such as altered bowel habits, dyspepsia and visible blood in stool. [bpac.org.nz]

• Hematochezia

  […] patient is asked about the duration of bleeding, presence of clots, ... of the abdomen, overloading of tampons, or the high number of pads used, or inter-menstrual bleeding -GI bleeding is usually an occult process; it may be recognized if it presents as hematochezia [cram.com]

  For example, melena, epistaxis, hematochezia, hematemesis, or menorrhagia indicates bleeding. Jaundice and dark urine, in the absence of liver disease, suggest hemolysis. Weight loss may suggest cancer. [merckmanuals.com]

• Purpura

  Thrombotic thrombocytopenic Purpura, B. Disseminated intravascular Coagulation C. Aortic valve replacement D. [pitt.edu]

  Hepatic and renal disease Collagen vascular disease Malignancies: Particularly hematologic neoplasia Transfusion of incompatible blood Hemolytic disease of the newborn Cold hemagglutinin disease Autoimmune hemolytic anemia Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura [emedicine.medscape.com]

  […] artificial heart valve) or "clotheslined" by innumerable fibrin strands in such microangiopathic conditions as disseminated intravascular coagulation (better known by the machonym "DIC," covered later in the heme bloc) or thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura [web2.iadfw.net]

  Autoimmune diseases such as lupus erythematosus and polyarthritis have been associated with this disorder, as has preeclampsia, HELLP (hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes and low platelets) syndrome, acute glomerular nephritis, and idiopathic thrombocytopenia purpura [glowm.com]

• Petechiae

  In aplastic anemia, anemia may cause weakness and easy fatigability while severe thrombocytopenia may cause petechiae, ecchymosis, and bleeding from the gums, into the conjunctivae, or other tissues. [merckmanuals.com]

  Familial aplastic anemia – a subset of Fanconi’s anemia in which the congenital defects are absent. 8 Clinical manifestations Fatigue Heart palpitations Pallor Infections Petechiae Mucosal bleeding 9 Aplastic anemia Lab findings Severe pancytopenia with [slideplayer.com]

• Headache

  Patients with Hypochromic Anemia may have a distinct green skin tinge, and other symptoms include lack of energy, shortness of breath, dyspepsia, headaches, and amenorrhea. [novusbio.com]

  Contra-indications for erythropoetin treatment include uncontrolled hypertension. [ 7 ] Potential side-effects of erythropoetin include increase in blood pressure or aggravation of hypertension, headache, increase in platelet count, influenza-like symptoms [patient.info]

  Clinical Picture Symptoms: general symptoms of anaemia as; easy fatigability, headache, dyspnoea, palpitation. Signs: Pallor which can be detected in the face, palm of the hand, nail bed and mucus membranes of the mouth and conjunctiva. [gfmer.ch]

• Difficulty Concentrating

  The first signs of its development may be a loss of appetite, constipation, headaches, noises in the ears, irritability, and/or difficulty concentrating or with memory. [innvista.com]

• Asthenia

  […] to primary bone marrow stem cell failure/mutation and dysplasia Decreased RBC Production: Hyperplastic bone marrow -Refractory anemia may exist for months or years and may be silent or may be associated with increasing symptoms of fatigue, weakness, asthenia [cram.com]

An initial anemia workup includes CBC, iron, and ferritin testing to determine the underlying cause of the disease. [arupconsult.com]

The doctor may also decide to take some other screening blood tests that might identify the cause of fatigue; glucose levels, ESR, ferritin, renal function tests and electrolytes may be part of such a workup. [copacabanarunners.net]

Routine workup of the patient with anemia, advise: Hemoglobin and hematocrit. Red blood cell count. Blood indices. peripheral blood smear. Reticulocyte count. White blood cells count and platelets count. [labpedia.net]

A bowel workup may be required if the patient has iron deficiency. I get more likely to investigate if the anemia is under 9-10 g/dl, but will investigate earlier if there has been a change compared to a previously known baseline level. [arthritis.co.za]

• Normocytic Normochromic Anemia

  OBJECTIVES: Normocytic-normochromic anemia is frequently found in patients with chronic disorders. The pathogenesis, epidemiological and clinical characteristics of normocytic normochromic anemia of unknown cause are not well established. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  We evaluated the role of bone marrow examination and the clinical course of patients with "idiopathic" normocytic-normochromic anemia. [semanticscholar.org]

  Iron studies are frequently ordered as part of the anemia work up as iron deficiency anemia could be potentially normocytic and normochromic. [bloodjournal.org]

  Presentation on theme: "Normocytic Normochromic Anemias"— Presentation transcript: 1 Normocytic Normochromic Anemias M H Qari, MD, FRCPA Associate Professor of Hematology 2 Aplastic anemia Aplastic anemia is a severe, life threatening syndrome in which [slideplayer.com]

• Normocytic Anemia

  See related article on normocytic anemia. What is normocytic anemia? Normocytic anemia is a blood problem. It means you have normal-sized red blood cells, but you have a low number of them. [aafp.org]

  Causes for Normocytic Anemia If the MCV and RDW are both within their normal ranges, then the most likely cause of normocytic anemia is anemia of chronic disease. [study.com]

  Normocytic normochromic is one of the most common forms of anemia. Anemia is a condition where the red blood cells that circulate in your body decrease. [newhealthguide.org]

  Normocytic anemia is a type of anemia and is a common issue that occurs for men and women typically over 85 years old. [en.wikipedia.org]

• Helicobacter Pylori

  Iron deficiency anemia can be caused by: inadequate iron intake, usually as a result of your diet being unable to absorb iron due to conditions like celiac disease or Helicobacter pylori infection chronic blood loss due to frequent or heavy periods in [healthline.com]

  Pernicious anemia and Helicobacter pylori infection in Japan: Evaluation in a country with a high prevalrnce of infection. Am J Gastroenterol 1995;90:1107-1110. 41. Varis O, et al. [ahcmedia.com]

  A test for Helicobacter pylori may detect a bacterium that can cause ulcers in the GI tract that may be a cause of chronic bleeding. [labtestsonline.org]

  pylori infection Pharmacological – medicines that cause gastric erosions/ulceration, e.g. non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), corticosteroids, and medicines that interfere with coagulation/platelet function leading to an increased risk of [bpac.org.nz]

Treatment of aplastic anemia is a twofold process. [britannica.com]

[…] evidenced as atypical bone marrow and blood differential; requires treatment of the underlying disorder Treatment of Disorders of Hyperplastic Bone Marrow: Withdraw methotrexate or other DNA synthesis ... if present When related to confirmed myelodysplasia [cram.com]

HbS in red cells Treatment There is no specific treatment for the disease. [physicianassistantexamreview.com]

Treatment with recombinant erythropoietin increased their hemoglobin and hematocrit levels. These common points have a possibility to be brought about by tubulointerstitial damage and microangiopathy may be involved in it. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

The prognosis of these patients is excellent. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

[…] lymphocytes live a long time) Normochromic, normocytic RBCs (may be slightly macrocytic) Mild to moderate anisocytosis and poikilocytosis Decreased reticulocyte count Hypocellular bone marrow with > 70% yellow marrow Treatment – in untreated cases the prognosis [slideplayer.com]

Prognosis By treating the underlying condition, white blood cell counts usually return to normal Resources BOOKS Holland, Steven M., and John I. Gallin. "Disorders of Granulocytes and Monocytes." [encyclopedia.com]

Prognosis Untreated anaemia of CKD is strongly associated with cardiovascular and renal complications, resulting in increased hospitalisations and mortality.Therefore, correcting anaemia is considered an important part of slowing or even stopping the [patient.info]

Effect on pregnancy: ß-Thalassaemia major is rarely encountered in pregnant women, but if this happened the prognosis is poor. Anaemia becomes severe in mid-pregnancy and may result in heart failure. [gfmer.ch]

Classification Morphological Characteristics Etiology Bone Marrow Response 5. [slideshare.net]

Showing a similar RBC abnormality (eg, spherocytes, abnormal Hb, G-6-PD deficiency) among family members establishes the basic etiology. [emedicine.medscape.com]

Etiology TABLE 2: ETIOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATION OF ANAEMIA Blood loss: Acute Chronic Decreased iron assimilation: Nutritional deficiency Hypoplastic or aplastic anemia Bone marrow infiltration like leukemia & other malignancies, myelodysplastic syndrome [pediatriconcall.com]

In rare instances it is the result of abnormal hormonal stimulation of stem cell proliferation or the result of a defective bone marrow microenvironment or from cellular or humoral immunosuppression of hematopoiesis. 5 Aplastic anemia Etiology Acquired [slideplayer.com]

The pathogenesis, epidemiological and clinical characteristics of normocytic normochromic anemia of unknown cause are not well established. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Methods Statistics Trigonometry Medical & Nursing Anatomy Anesthesiology Audiology Bacteriology Biochemistry Bioethics Biomedical Science Cardiology Cardiovascular Childbirth Chiropractic Dentistry Dermatology Diagnostic Imaging Drugs Endocrinology Epidemiology [brainscape.com]

Hemolyticuremic Syndrome [ Epidemiology | Incidence and Prevalence | Laboratory Evaluation of Anemia ] [ Clinical Assessment of Anemia | Casual and Risk Factors | Prevention | Exercises | Lecture on Anemia ] [pitt.edu]

The disease is characterized by peripheral pancytopenia and accompanied by a hypocellular bone marrow. 3 Hypocellular bone marrow in aplastic anemia 4 Aplastic anemia Pathophysiology: The primary defect is a reduction in or depletion of hematopoietic [slideplayer.com]

These particular diseases are covered either because they are common or because they illustrate important pathophysiologic features (or both). A. [web2.iadfw.net]

Pathophysiologic Consequences, Classification, and Clinical Investigation Ed Uthman, MD Diplomate, American Board of Pathology I. [web2.airmail.net]

Anemias can be classified using two basic approaches: etiology (pathophysiology) : the causes of erythrocyte and hemoglobin depletion morphology : the characteristic changes in the erythrocytes red blood cells (RBCs), size, shape, and color An etiologic [innvista.com]

Rh isoimmunization can be prevented if an Rh negative mother is given an intramuscular injection of anti Rho(D) immune globulin within 72 hours of the birth of an Rh positive baby or in any situation in which significant fetal maternal hemorrhage may [quizlet.com]

The best way to prevent microcytic anemia is to get enough iron in your diet. Increasing your vitamin C intake can also help your body absorb more iron. You can also consider taking a daily iron supplement. [healthline.com]

Abnormalities of Fe mobilization from marrow stores are also recognized which may prevent reutilization of Fe salvaged from dead RBCs. [med-ed.virginia.edu]

Epoetin beta is also used for the prevention of anaemia in preterm neonates of low birth weight. Darbepoetin: Is a hyperglycosylated derivative of epoetin which has a longer half-life and may be administered less frequently than epoetin. [patient.info]

Hemolyticuremic Syndrome [ Epidemiology | Incidence and Prevalence | Laboratory Evaluation of Anemia ] [ Clinical Assessment of Anemia | Casual and Risk Factors | Prevention | Exercises | Lecture on Anemia ] [pitt.edu]