The presentation and management of the case along with and review of the relevant literature is presented. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Soft Tissue Mass

  Palpable midline parietal soft tissue mass. It is thought to represent involuted true cephalocele ( meningocele or encephalocele ) connected to dura mater via a fibrous stalk. [radiopaedia.org]

  US scanning may reveal a bony defect in the sphenoid bone that is associated with an overlying soft-tissue mass, but the mantle of the brain tissue in the encephalocele is often difficult to detect. In these cases, MRI is useful. [emedicine.medscape.com]

• Localized Pain

  Some patients may present with complaints of headaches, vomiting, or intense local pain, especially on the application of mild pressure to the unprotected cerebral cortex. Some cases may predispose to epilepsy. [jclpca.org]

• Soft Tissue Swelling

  Since her birth, a palpable skull defects in the middle of the high parietal area and a soft tissue swelling over the occiput of her head was noticed, which was painful to touch and caused severe occipital headaches when local pressure was applied. [jclpca.org]

• Fishing

  Pure tetrasomy 20p was confirmed using fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) with a telomere probe for chromosome 20p in all seven metaphase cells. The pregnancy was terminated because of associated multiple anomalies and severe oligohydramnios. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Pharyngitis

  In patients with encephalocele, inadequate spontaneous respiration may occur due to structural derangement in the pontomedullary respiratory control center or its afferent and efferent pathways. [2], [3] Aspiration may occur because of lack of pharyngeal [ijaweb.org]

• Subcutaneous Nodule

  Mention should be made of the small, often noncystic subcutaneous nodules that similar to cephaloceles contain meninges with or without brain tissue but lack open communication with the cranial cavity. [medlink.com]

• Narrow Thorax

  Prenatal sonograms revealed polyhydramnios, subgaleal edema, microcephaly, a narrow thorax, pericardial effusion, and a severe short-limbed dwarfism with unossified tubular bones and vertebral bodies. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Pericardial Effusion

  Prenatal sonograms revealed polyhydramnios, subgaleal edema, microcephaly, a narrow thorax, pericardial effusion, and a severe short-limbed dwarfism with unossified tubular bones and vertebral bodies. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Staphylococcus Aureus

  The bacteria most commonly associated with meningitis in such patients is Steptococcus pneumoniae, followed by Staphylococcus aureus then Neisseria meningitides .[ 14 ] Differential diagnosis of this could be traumatic encephalocele, ethmoid-frontal sinus [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

The age of the patient, size of the sac, pathologies that accompanied the condition, and treatments applied were assessed. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

After we carefully evaluate your baby, we tailor a treatment plan to their needs. [seattlechildrens.org]

Treatment Treatment Options: Treatment is largely supportive. Attempts at repair of retinal detachments often fail and phthisis bulbi is not uncommon. References [disorders.eyes.arizona.edu]

Such studies provide optimal demonstration of the cerebral and hindbrain anatomy to guide operative treatment and formulate prognosis. [scienceopen.com]

Treatment and prognosis The prognosis is variable depending on the presence of associated anomalies and presence of microcephaly (carries a much poorer prognosis). [radiopaedia.org]

The authors report a rare case of atretic parietal cephalocele, a congenital anomaly of childhood that often goes misdiagnosed with poor prognosis. However, the prognosis largely depends on the presence or absence of associated anomalies. [content.iospress.com]

These lesions affect children from the low socioeconomic class, but its etiology remains poorly understood.[ 8 ] Encephaloceles can be congenital or acquired secondary to tumor, hydrocephalus or other cause.[ 9 ] Some suggest that its etiology could be [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

They are organised into groups, and further divided into clinical, etiological or histopathological sub-types. [orpha.net]

To determine the genetic etiology of ADDWOC, we performed genome-wide linkage analysis on members of the Vietnamese-American and Brazilian pedigrees. [bristol.ac.uk]

The etiology is controversial. [fetalsono.com]

Encephalocele Causes The exact etiology of this condition has not been determined by the medical experts yet. As aforementioned, the neural tube fails to close completely during fetal development, causing sac-like protrusions of the meninges. [hxbenefit.com]

Aims and Objectives: To determine the epidemiological features, patterns of encephalocele, and its postsurgical results. Materials and Methods: The study was carried from year July 2012 to June 2015. [pediatricneurosciences.com]

This chapter presents our best understanding of the classification schemes, embryopathogenesis, epidemiology, management, outcomes, and prognosis for children with encephalocele. [clinicalgate.com]

Epidemiology of frontoethmoidal encephalomeningocoele in Burma. J Epidemiol Community Health. 1984; 38 :89–98. [ PMC free article ] [ PubMed ] [ Google Scholar ] 12. Bhagwati S, Mahapatra A. Pediatric Neurosurgery. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Most registries and epidemiological studies classify encephaloceles using broad categories like frontal, parietal, occipital and sphenoidal. [rarediseases.org]

Epidemiology [ edit ] Encephaloceles occur rarely, at a rate of one per 5,000 live births worldwide. [en.wikipedia.org]

Wang Y, Liu G, Canfield MA, Mai CT, Gilboa SM, Meyer RE, Anderka M, Copeland GE, Kucik JE, Nembhard WN, Kirby RS; National Birth Defects Prevention Network. [cdc.gov]

No drains: Wound dressings under slight pressure are usually sufficient to prevent subcutaneous blood collections. Scroll back to top [ispn.guide]

If brain tissue is present, it may be referred to as a meningoencephalocele. [2] When the head size or occipitofrontal circumference is smaller than the herniating sac, then it is termed as giant encephalocele. [3] Prevention [ edit ] It is recommended [en.wikipedia.org]

A giant occipital encephalocele may prevent this. We report such a case in which a two-day-old neonate weighing three kilograms presented with a large cystic swelling measuring 22 × 16 cm [Figure 1], arising from the occipital region. [ijaweb.org]

Encephalocele Prevention Although the condition cannot be prevented completely, certain steps can be taken to decrease the chances of development. [hxbenefit.com]