The absence of mutations in OSMF also suggests that the samples analyzed in the present study may not have acquired transforming potential. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Intravenous Administration

  The infection was cured by incision and drainage, intravenous administration of amphotericin B (100 mg once a day for a week), and an appropriate medical control of DM. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Tongue Movement Limited

  Oral submucous fibrosis is a premalignant condition in which rigidity of the lip, tongue, and palate results in reduced mouth opening and tongue movement. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Localized Scleroderma

  Ultrasonography is a sensitive tool for monitoring localized scleroderma. Rheumatology 2007; 46: 1316-1319. Sharma S, Rasila D, Singh M, Mohan M. Ultrasound as a diagnostic boon in dentistry – a review. Int J Sci Stud 2014; 2: 70-76. [polradiol.com]

  Ultrasonography is a sensitive tool for monitoring localized scleroderma. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2007;46:1316-9. 8. Sharma S, Rasila D, Singh M, Mohan M. Ultrasound as a diagnostic boon in dentistry – A review. Int J Sci Stud 2014;2:70-6. 9. [jiaomr.in]

• Hearing Impairment

  Symptoms Those with oral submucous fibrosis complain of the following: Sunken cheeks Mouth pain Nasal voice Dry mouth Stiff tongue Impaired hearing Impaired speech Impaired mouth movements Increased salivation Shrunken uvula Blistering inside the mouth [drchetan.com]

  impairment due to Eustachian tube More Details blockage and jaw movements. [4], [5], [6] Three stages of this condition are of stomatitis, fibrosis, and sequelae. [sidj.org]

• Suggestibility

  Abstract About 20% of the world's population uses some form of betel nut, which suggests that the incidence of oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) is higher than current estimates. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Diagnostic workup A diagnosis of OSF can be rendered based on the clinical features and the history of associated areca nut use. The early symptoms include burning sensation, especially to spicy food, the formation of vesicles. [journals.plos.org]

In an open uncontrolled study intra-lesional IFN-gamma treatment showed improvement in the patients mouth opening from an inter-incisal distance before treatment of 21 /- 7 mm, to 30 /- 7 mm immediately after treatment and 30 /- 8 mm 6-months later, giving [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

In an open uncontrolled study intra‐lesional IFN‐γ treatment showed improvement in the patients mouth opening from an inter‐incisal distance before treatment of 21 7 mm, to 30 7 mm immediately after treatment and 30 8 mm 6‐months later, giving a net gain [doi.org]

The aim of our study was to find candidate protein biomarkers to detect OSF and predict prognosis in BSCCs by quantitative proteomics approaches. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Prognosis evaluation revealed 25 cases of good prognosis and 5 cases were showed poor prognosis. Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test revealed no significant difference of PSV was seen in poor prognosis patients. [ijdr.in]

Here, we present a case report of a 58 year old male patient where the patient presented with OSMF where iron deficiency anemia was found to be the main etiological factor. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Although nutritional deficiencies and immunological processes may play a part in the pathogenesis, the available epidemiological evidence indicates that chewing betel quid (containing areca nut, tobacco, slaked lime or other species) is an important risk [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology, 15, 152- 160. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0528.1987.tb00505.x Pindborg, J.J., Barmes, D., and Roed-Peterson, B. (1968) Epidemiology and histology of oral leukoplakia and leukoedema among Papuans and New Guineans. [file.scirp.org]

Areview of the epidemiological evidences that carotenoid reduce the risk of cancer. J Nutr 1989;119:116–22. Google Scholar 9. Joseff SG. Submucous fibrosis of palate and pillars. Indian J Otolaryngol 1953. p. 1–4. Google Scholar 10. [link.springer.com]

The increased expression of p53, TGF-β, and iNOS in OSMF is suggestive of the role of these markers in its pathophysiology. 2016 John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Complete hemogram of the subjects was done to rule out any other pathophysiology. Patients who showed malignant changes or who were not willing for treatment were excluded. [jiaomr.in]

Nutritional deficiencies, ingestion of chilies, and immunologic processes may also have a role in the development of oral submucous fibrosis. [3] See Pathophysiology. [emedicine.medscape.com]

This article describes the use of an oral stent as an adjunct to surgery to prevent relapse. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Oral cancer largely can be prevented through control of the risk factors. The WHO global oral health programme aims atoral cancer prevention through experiences from assimilated approaches in prevention and health promotion. [jcpjournal.org]

Key words: Submucous Fibrosis; Precancerous; Tobacco; Areca Nut; Oral Cancer Advertisement American Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health SUBMIT YOUR ARTICLE NOW [scopemed.org]

Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. 2009; 67(7): 1510-1515 34 Prevention and Treatment of Functional and Structural Radiation Injury in the Rat Heart by Pentoxifylline and Alpha-Tocopherol Marjan Boerma,Kerrey A. [doi.org]