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Osteoarthritis
OA
Osteoarthritis, also known as osteoarthrosis, degenerative arthritis or degenerative joint disease, is a degenerative disorder arising from the biochemical breakdown of articular cartilage in the synovial joints. It commonly affects the hands, hips and knees.
Erosive osteoarthritis with gull-wing appearance, with seagull
Presentation
- At the time of presentation, the patient already underwent 6 joint replacement surgeries. Family history was unremarkable.[ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
- Prior dislocation, with or without subsequent shoulder stabilization surgery, complicates the clinical presentation and increases the risk of OA progression.[ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
- This is the first report that described a clinical experience concerning two consecutive cases of patients presented with EHOA, PsA and pseudogout.[ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
- The findings of the present study demonstrate that 6 months of MCEP were able to improve the physical functioning (i.e., usual and maximal walking speed and balance) of osteoarthritis patients regardless of hypertensive condition.[ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
- A 57-year-old man presented hand osteoarthritis. This former IV drug user was diagnosed HIV positive in 1989. A 61-year-old HIV-infected man presented with hand osteoarthritis started in 2010.[ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Entire Body System
Pain
- The dynamics of the pain system (i.e., the adaptive responses to pain) has been widely studied, but mainly from experiments on healthy subjects, whereas less is known about the dynamics of the pain system in chronic pain patients, where the pain system[ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
- […] short term in people with low back pain.[ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
- In addition, muscle strength and obesity are predictors of pain, even in structurally normal knees. Lastly, central factors and genetic factors have been implicated in the pain experience.[ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
- […] covariates, including bilateral knee pain and ambulatory physical activity.[ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
- In contrast, MRI revealed no bone alterations in thumbs with no pain and less pain in bilateral thumb basal pain, even in radiographically advanced OA.[ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Hunting
- Hunt, INDIVIDUALS WITH KNEE OSTEOARTHRITIS PRESENT INCREASED GAIT PATTERN DEVIATIONS AS MEASURED BY A KNEE-SPECIFIC GAIT DEVIATION INDEX, Gait & Posture, 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2019.05.020, (2019). Brian Pietrosimone, J. Troy Blackburn, Darin A.[doi.org]
- Becker, Andrew Whelton, Barbara Hunt, Majin Castillo, Krisztina Kisfalvi and Lhanoo Gunawardhana, Efficacy and Safety of Febuxostat Extended and Immediate Release in Patients With Gout and Renal Impairment: A Phase III Placebo‐Controlled Study, Arthritis[doi.org]
- However after prolonged application of cold (longer than 20 minutes) the "hunting reaction" may occur when vasodilation is thought to occur as part of the homeostatic mechanism for temperature regulation ( Knight 1995 ).[doi.org]
Difficulty Walking
- Symptoms People with osteoarthritis in the foot or ankle experience, in varying degrees, one or more of the following: Pain and stiffness in the joint Swelling in or near the joint Difficulty walking or bending the joint Some patients with osteoarthritis[foothealthfacts.org]
Walking with a Cane
- A cane takes weight off your knee or hip as you walk. Hold the cane in the hand opposite the leg that hurts. Gripping and grabbing tools may make it easier to work in the kitchen if you have osteoarthritis in your fingers.[mayoclinic.org]
- Some examples include: Cushioning shoe inserts can ease the pressure put on the hip joint when walking. Using a cane can provide extra stability.[arthritis-health.com]
Swollen Knee
- Your likelihood of developing a swollen knee related to arthritis increases as you age. Sports.[mayoclinic.org]
- A swollen knee occurs when excess fluid accumulates in or around your knee joint. Your doctor might refer to this condition as an effusion (ih-FYU-zhen) in your knee joint. Some people call this condition "water on the knee."[web.archive.org]
Musculoskeletal
Arthritis
- From Wikidata Jump to navigation Jump to search form of arthritis caused by degeneration of joints degenerative arthritis degenerative joint disease hypertrophic arthritis osteoarthrosis osteoarthrosis and allied disorder edit English osteoarthritis form[wikidata.org]
- Projections of US prevalence of arthritis and associated activity limitations. Arthritis Rheum. 2006;54(1):226–9. PubMed CrossRef Google Scholar 5. Murphy L, Helmick CG.[doi.org]
- […] excluding rheumatoid arthritis.[doi.org]
Knee Pain
- […] covariates, including bilateral knee pain and ambulatory physical activity.[ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
- The aim of this study was to evaluate the temporal effects of acupuncture on chronic knee pain due to knee osteoarthritis by means of a meta-analysis.[doi.org]
- RESULTS: The prevalence of hip and knee pain was 22.4% and 26.1%, and of hip and knee OA was 11.1% and 14.2%, respectively.[ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
- Results Experimental knee pain decreased the PPTs at the knee (P KEYWORDS: Experimental fat pad pain; Hyperalgesia; Knee osteoarthritis pain; Temporal summation[ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
- However, it has been shown that the degree of joint space narrowing correlates poorly with the incidence and magnitude of knee pain.[ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Joint Stiffness
- The absolute reduction in finger joint stiffness for the exercise group, compared with the control group, was 7% (3% to 10%).[ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
- Other symptoms may include: Swelling or tenderness in one or more joints, especially before or during a change in the weather Loss of flexibility of a joint Stiffness after getting out of bed A crunching feeling or sound of bone rubbing on bone Bony lumps[spineuniverse.com]
- Pain and joint stiffness may occur from heavy activity in the hips, knees, hands, and spine but may also happen in small joints such as the base of the thumb and the big toe.[newsmax.com]
- The diagnosis of osteoarthritis is usually confirmed only after irreversible symptoms such as joint pain or joint stiffness have begun.[eurekalert.org]
Joint Swelling
- Patients were classified as having clinical OA if on examination there was hard tissue enlargement involving at least 2 of 10 selected joints, swelling of fewer than 3 metacarpophalangeal joints, and hard tissue enlargement of at least 2 distal interphalangeal[ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
- Symptoms People with osteoarthritis in the foot or ankle experience, in varying degrees, one or more of the following: Pain and stiffness in the joint Swelling in or near the joint Difficulty walking or bending the joint Some patients with osteoarthritis[foothealthfacts.org]
- At the same time, the joint capsule becomes thicker and more synovial (lubricating) fluid is manufactured which makes the joint swell. In addition to cartilage degeneration, bony spurs grow causing inflammation in the surrounding tissues.[netdoctor.co.uk]
- The exam may show: Joint movement that causes a crackling (grating) sound, called crepitation Joint swelling (bones around the joints may feel larger than normal) Limited range of motion Tenderness when the joint is pressed Normal movement is often painful[nlm.nih.gov]
Bouchard's Node
- Other symptoms of hand and finger OA include Heberden's nodes CLOSE Heberden’s nodes: small bony knobs that appear on the end joints of fingers. and Bouchards's nodes.[arthritis.com]
- nodes ), (mnemonic H-D, B-P) and the base of the thumb in a bilaterally symmetric fashion.[radiopaedia.org]
- Hands can be involved, particularly the distal and proximal interphalangeal joints where bony enlargements can become quite dramatic and are referred to as Heberden’s and Bouchard’s nodes.[hopkinsarthritis.org]
Workup
- An 81-year-old woman with bilateral severe knee OA was initially seen and evaluated in an outpatient physiatry clinic after multiple previous workups of her ongoing knee pain.[ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
X-Ray
Joint Space Narrowing
- We report one such case in a 30-year-old woman with synovial osteochondromatosis of the hip and progressive osteoarthritis caused by femoroacetabular impingement with joint-space narrowing.[ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
- However, it has been shown that the degree of joint space narrowing correlates poorly with the incidence and magnitude of knee pain.[ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
- Hand X-rays showed joint space narrowing, osteophytosis and bone sclerosis of the proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joints. The DIP joints showed central bone erosion, collapse of the subchondral bone plate and typical "gull-wing" type deformity.[ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
- Eventually, cartilage loss manifests as joint-space narrowing. Primary osteoarthritis is most commonly seen in the hands.[emedicine.com]
- Key radiographic features are joint space narrowing, sclerosis, and osteophytosis. If all three of these findings are not present, another diagnosis should be considered.[radiopaedia.org]
Treatment
- (the treatment A) was alternatively changed with the treatment that included combination of the basic treatment and religious support provided by religious physiatrist and physiotherapist (the treatment B) or combination of the basic treatment and pastoral[ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
- Two studies compared spa-treatment with no treatment. One study evaluated baths as an add-on treatment to home exercises and another compared thermal water from Cserkeszölö with tap water (placebo).[ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
- Efficacy, which initially was presumed to be equivalent for all treatments, evolved to treatment-specific efficacies. Decision-tree analyses were generally replaced by Markov models or, occasionally, stochastic or discrete event simulation.[ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
- Current progresses in osteoarthritis management have designed better diversity of treatment approaches. Innovative treatments, such as autologous blood products and mesenchymal stem cells, are in progress.[ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
- Effective nonsurgical treatments are needed for the management of symptoms.[ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Prognosis
- […] describe evidence-based orthopaedic physical therapy clinical practice and provide recommendations for (1) examination and diagnostic classification based on body functions and body structures, activity limitations, and participation restrictions, (2) prognosis[doi.org]
- Ultimately, the treatment depends on each individual patient and his or her condition and prognosis. In severe cases of osteoarthritis of the hip, hip replacement surgery may be recommended to reduce pain and increase mobility.[my.clevelandclinic.org]
- Prognosis Most people affected by OA do not become severely disabled. Knee OA seems to have the worst prognosis with most cases deteriorating over a ten-year period. Hand OA has the best.[patient.info]
- Pengel LH, Herbert RD, Maher CG, Refshauge KM (2003) Acute low back pain: systematic review of its prognosis. BMJ 327:323 PubMed CrossRef Google Scholar 30. Felson DT (1988) Epidemiology of hip and knee osteoarthritis.[doi.org]
Etiology
- This article introduces a novel imaging technique of 4D CT that aims to identify kinematic features that may be associated with the etiology of TMJ-OA.[ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
- However, the etiology of this condition is still largely unknown. CASE REPORT: We report the clinical course of an elderly man with knee OA.[ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
- Although thumb carpametacarpal joint (CMJ) OA is also frequently encountered, the etiologies remain largely unknown.[ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
- The risk regulatory pathways may provide clues for the etiology of OA and be a potential resource for the discovery of novel OA-associated disease genes. Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.[ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
- OBJECTIVE: The single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs12885713 of calmodulin 1 gene (CALM1) has been reported to involve in the etiology of osteoarthritis (OA) in several association studies with limited sample size and conflicting results.[ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Epidemiology
- Methods Systematic reviews were conducted to source age-specific and sex-specific epidemiological data for hip and knee OA prevalence, incidence and mortality risk.[doi.org]
- […] and Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands. 10 deCODE genetics/Amgen, Reykjavik, Iceland. 11 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Akureyri Hospital, Akureyri, Iceland. 12 Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland. 13[worldcat.org]
- […] of Biomechanics and Clinical Epidemiology, PAIFIT Research Group, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, PR, Brazil.[ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
- Mansmann: Department of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University of Munich, Marchionistrasse 15, D-81377 Munich, Germany. Dr.[annals.org]
Sex distribution
Age distribution
Pathophysiology
- CONCLUSIONS: Plain radiographs and MRI examinations performed during follow-up suggested that the pathophysiology of the patient's knee OA and joint pain may have been primarily due to bone alterations.[ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
- The knee joint contains adipose tissue in the form of the infrapatellar fat pad (IPFP), which has been shown to contribute to the pathophysiology of OA in the knee via the secretion of inflammatory mediators.[ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
- Epidemiology/Pathophysiology Corresponding Author E-mail address: vincekr@ortho.ufl.edu Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Divisions of Sports Medicine, Physical Medicine and Research, UF Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine Institute, P.O.[doi.org]
- It should be noted that OA is the result of an interlocking pathophysiologic malfunction of cartilage and bone metabolism.[medstarorthopaedicinstitute.org]
- Pathophysiology Normal joints have little friction with movement and do not wear out with typical use, overuse, or most trauma. Hyaline cartilage is avascular, aneural, and alymphatic.[merckmanuals.com]
Prevention
- To emphasize disease modification and prevention, we describe a multi-disciplinary systems-based approach encompassing biology, mechanics, and structure to define pre-osteoarthritic disease processes.[ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
- Find articles by Bollet, A. in: JCI PubMed Google Scholar Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Va.[doi.org]
- Rutjes, Jüni, da Costa, Nüesch, and Reichenbach: Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Finkenhubelweg 11, 3012 Bern, Switzerland. Dr.[annals.org]
- Consequently, the focus is shifting to disease prevention and the treatment of early osteoarthritis.[ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]