The results are presented as averages, standard deviations and percentages. Event-free survival was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier curve. RESULTS: From the 101 patients, 60 (59.4%) were females. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

The decision model proposed includes the outcomes that present major impact in relation to the overall costs of the procedure. [journals.plos.org]

Closure devices are preferred when appropriate anatomic characteristics are present and the defect is 13 mm in diameter. Otherwise, surgical repair is indicated. [babiesonline.co.za]

[…] embolism resulting in a right to left shunting of blood [36] Treatment [ edit ] Patent Foramen Ovale [ edit ] Most patients with a PFO are asymptomatic and do not require any specific treatment. [37] However, those who develop a stroke require further workup [en.wikipedia.org]

CONCLUSION: The Amplatzer septal occluder is an effective OS ASD transcatheter treatment device. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Percutaneous closure of an ASD is one of possible methods of treatment. tags: septal defect ASD ECHO defect echocardiogram ostium Register now, join the community for free access. [medtube.net]

During the last decades, percutaneous treatment have been considered the main treatment for several types of congenital cardiopathy, being preferred over surgical treatments due to superior results [2]. [journals.plos.org]

If defects are closed in children younger than 8 years, the prognosis is excellent, with rare short-term or long-term cardiac abnormalities. [9] Patients with incomplete closure or closure at older age remain at risk for development of cardiac rhythm [emedicine.medscape.com]

Prognosis Individuals with small defects can live a normal life, but larger defects require surgical correction. Less than 1% of people younger than 45 years of age die from corrective surgery. [medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com]

Multiple etiologies could be responsible for this unusual association. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

While its etiology remains unclear, there is some evidence concerning its embryogenic and genetic origin. 1–3 It is reported to be associated with cardiovascular disorders. [elsevier.pt]

[…] iM StIll stUdInG Published on Mar 28, 2015 ATRIAL SEPTAL DEFECT ASD - CF, ETIOLOGY ,PATHO -PHYSIOLOGY, SIGNS & SYM, MANAGEMENT.....ETC ATRIAL SEPTAL DEFECT ( ASD) 1. ATRIAL SEPTAL DEFECT AKSHAY AGRAWAL 2. CONTENTS 1. Introduction 2. Defination 3. [slideshare.net]

In those where a comprehensive evaluation is performed and an obvious etiology is not identified, they are defined as having a cryptogenic stroke. [en.wikipedia.org]

Epidemiology Male : Female 1:2 Most commonly seen in children 8. [slideshare.net]

Epidemiology Frequency International Isolated secundum atrial septal defects account for approximately 7% of congenital cardiac defects. Congenital heart defects of significance occur in approximately 8 per 1000 live births. [emedicine.medscape.com]

Epidemiology of congenital cardiovascular malformations. In: Emmaoulides GC, Allen HD, Riemenschneider TA, Allen HD, Gutgesel HP, editors. Heart disease in infants, children and adolescents, including the fetus and young adults. [revespcardiol.org]

Guyatt GH, Oxman AD, Schünemann HJ, Tugwell P, Knottnerus A (2010) GRADE guidelines: A new series of articles in the Journal of Clinical Epidemiology. J Clin Epidem. 64(4): 380–382. View Article Google Scholar 22. [journals.plos.org]

Cardiovascular pathophysiology. Oxford University Press, Oxford : 1980, 112 – 123. 3. Anderson, RH, Macartney, FJ, Shinebourne, EA, Tynan, M. Paediatric Cardiology. Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh : 1987, 541 – 562. 4. Keith, JD, Rowe, RD, Vlad, P. [cambridge.org]

Pathophysiology 6. Clinical features 7. Investigations 8. Risk Factors 9. Management 3. Introduction  Septal defects are more common eg of non cyanotic heart disease. Most common congenital heart disease in adults. [slideshare.net]

Pathophysiology Image : “Atrial Septal Defect.”. By Blausen.com staff (2014). “Medical gallery of Blausen Medical 2014”. WikiJournal of Medicine 1 (2). DOI:10.15347/wjm/2014.010. ISSN 2002-4436. [lecturio.com]

Rarely, a defect can extend posteriorly and inferiorly, approaching the site of inferior vena cava entrance into the right atrium. [2] Pathophysiology A secundum atrial septal defect can result from inadequate formation of the septum secundum so that [emedicine.medscape.com]

[…] ventricular function in the natural course of atrial septal defect and its treatment, and could emphasize the importance of preoperative left ventricular study, effective intraoperative myocardial protection, and early operation (age two years), in order to prevent [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Where to Start You can obtain information on this topic from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). [rarediseases.info.nih.gov]

Those that perform the procedure believe that they are preventing long-term deterioration in cardiac function and preventing progression of pulmonary hypertension. [marmur.com]

Closure of defect is done to prevent development of complications, such as atrial dysrhythmia, right heart dysfunction that may appear when the child grows. [xpertdox.com]