The results are presented as averages, standard deviations and percentages. Event-free survival was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier curve. RESULTS: From the 101 patients, 60 (59.4%) were females. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

The decision model proposed includes the outcomes that present major impact in relation to the overall costs of the procedure. [journals.plos.org]

On the right side of the septum primum begins the formation of the septum secundum presented as a crescent shaped anteriorly orientated thick, muscular structure. [lecturio.com]

[…] embolism resulting in a right to left shunting of blood [36] Treatment [ edit ] Patent Foramen Ovale [ edit ] Most patients with a PFO are asymptomatic and do not require any specific treatment. [37] However, those who develop a stroke require further workup [en.wikipedia.org]

CONCLUSION: The Amplatzer septal occluder is an effective OS ASD transcatheter treatment device. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

During the last decades, percutaneous treatment have been considered the main treatment for several types of congenital cardiopathy, being preferred over surgical treatments due to superior results [2]. [journals.plos.org]

Percutaneous closure of an ASD is one of possible methods of treatment. tags: septal defect ASD ECHO defect echocardiogram ostium Register now, join the community for free access. [medtube.net]

Prognosis [ 18 ] Isolated atrial septal defects repaired in childhood have excellent prognosis with survival similar to that of the general population. [patient.info]

[…] vessels visible to the periphery of the film eventual signs of pulmonary arterial hypertension chamber enlargement right atrium right ventricle note: left atrium is normal in size unlike VSD or PDA note: aortic arch is small to normal Treatment and prognosis [radiopaedia.org]

If defects are closed in children younger than 8 years, the prognosis is excellent, with rare short-term or long-term cardiac abnormalities. [9] Patients with incomplete closure or closure at older age remain at risk for development of cardiac rhythm [emedicine.medscape.com]

Multiple etiologies could be responsible for this unusual association. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

[…] iM StIll stUdInG Published on Mar 28, 2015 ATRIAL SEPTAL DEFECT ASD - CF, ETIOLOGY ,PATHO -PHYSIOLOGY, SIGNS & SYM, MANAGEMENT.....ETC ATRIAL SEPTAL DEFECT ( ASD) 1. ATRIAL SEPTAL DEFECT AKSHAY AGRAWAL 2. CONTENTS 1. Introduction 2. Defination 3. [slideshare.net]

While its etiology remains unclear, there is some evidence concerning its embryogenic and genetic origin. 1–3 It is reported to be associated with cardiovascular disorders. [elsevier.pt]

In those where a comprehensive evaluation is performed and an obvious etiology is not identified, they are defined as having a cryptogenic stroke. [en.wikipedia.org]

Epidemiology Male : Female = 1:2 Most commonly seen in children 8. [slideshare.net]

Epidemiology Frequency International Isolated secundum atrial septal defects account for approximately 7% of congenital cardiac defects. Congenital heart defects of significance occur in approximately 8 per 1000 live births. [emedicine.medscape.com]

Epidemiology of congenital cardiovascular malformations. In: Emmaoulides GC, Allen HD, Riemenschneider TA, Allen HD, Gutgesel HP, editors. Heart disease in infants, children and adolescents, including the fetus and young adults. [revespcardiol.org]

Epidemiology [ 1 ] ASDs are the third most common congenital heart disease and occur as an isolated anomaly in 5% to 10% of all congenital heart defects. [patient.info]

Pathophysiology 6. Clinical features 7. Investigations 8. Risk Factors 9. Management 3. Introduction  Septal defects are more common eg of non cyanotic heart disease. Most common congenital heart disease in adults. [slideshare.net]

Cardiovascular pathophysiology. Oxford University Press, Oxford : 1980, 112 – 123. 3. Anderson, RH, Macartney, FJ, Shinebourne, EA, Tynan, M. Paediatric Cardiology. Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh : 1987, 541 – 562. 4. Keith, JD, Rowe, RD, Vlad, P. [cambridge.org]

Pathophysiology Image : “Atrial Septal Defect.”. By Blausen.com staff (2014). “Medical gallery of Blausen Medical 2014”. WikiJournal of Medicine 1 (2). DOI:10.15347/wjm/2014.010. ISSN 2002-4436. [lecturio.com]

Patent foramen ovale: current pathology, pathophysiology, and clinical status. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2005 Nov 1;46(9):1768–76. Mas JL, Arquizan C, Lamy C, Zuber M, Cabanes L, Derumeaux G, et al. [revistas.proeditio.com]

Rarely, a defect can extend posteriorly and inferiorly, approaching the site of inferior vena cava entrance into the right atrium. [2] Pathophysiology A secundum atrial septal defect can result from inadequate formation of the septum secundum so that [emedicine.medscape.com]

[…] ventricular function in the natural course of atrial septal defect and its treatment, and could emphasize the importance of preoperative left ventricular study, effective intraoperative myocardial protection, and early operation (age two years), in order to prevent [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

What about preventing endocarditis? Most children with an ASD are not at increased risk for developing endocarditis. [heart.org]

Several gauze pads and a large piece of medical tape will be placed on the site where the catheter was inserted to prevent bleeding. [childrensnational.org]