Patient 3, an 8-year-old boy, had a history of restless legs at night, enuresis, night terrors, visual hallucinations, cyclic abdominal pain, and nausea. His EEG showed bitemporal spikes. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

A 7-year-old boy had from 5 years of age approximately 12 episodes of collapse at school. All episodes were stereotyped but of variable duration from 2 to 35 minutes. [en.wikipedia.org]

This case also illustrates the features of syncope-like epileptic seizures together with other variable autonomic symptoms (emesis, respiratory abnormalities, pallor, mydriasis) in Panayiotopoulos syndrome. [en.wikipedia.org]

The clinical symptoms (sighing, arousal with eyes opening, eye-deviation, and emesis with possible alteration of consciousness) started two minutes after the electrographic onset. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

As already mentioned 2,4,9-12 some cases (22.2%) were observed involving only a single seizure, in which the autonomic symptomatology was followed by oro-pharyngeal manifestation, characteristics suggesting the overlapping of two benign childhood epilepsies [scielo.br]

At age 4 years, two episodes of recurrent vomiting, tonic eye deviation and consciousness impairment lasting for about 30 min occurred. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

On all previous occasions the diagnosis varied from psychosomatic disease, to functional dyspepsia, to cyclic vomiting syndrome. The possibility of autonomic epileptic seizures and Panayiotopoulos syndrome, though likely, was not considered. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Occasionally, these seizures can present with prominent autonomic features such as ictal vomiting, pallor, flushing/cyanosis, and tachycardia with prolonged thermoregulatory changes lasting for hours, constituting autonomic status epilepticus. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Other autonomic manifestations include pallor (or, less often, flushing or cyanosis), mydriasis (or, less often, miosis), cardiorespiratory and thermoregulatory alterations, incontinence of urine and/or feces, hypersalivation, and modifications of intestinal [doi.org]

Concurrent autonomic symptoms during AS SLES included emesis, incontinence, mydriasis, miosis, and cardiorespiratory abnormalities. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Other autonomic manifestations include pallor (or, less often, flushing or cyanosis), mydriasis (or, less often, miosis), cardiorespiratory and thermoregulatory alterations, incontinence of urine and/or feces, hypersalivation, and modifications of intestinal [doi.org]

Patient 1, a 12-year-old girl, had a history of involuntary lacrimation, abdominal pain, and recurrent episodes of loss of muscle tone and unresponsiveness followed by somnolence. Her EEG revealed bilateral frontotemporal spikes. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Abilities involving attention were normal for all patients, suggesting that inattention is not responsible for these visual deficits. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

The decision should also take into account a likely traumatising parental experience as in febrile convulsions. 3, 4, 8 Appropriate advice by the family doctor is expected to shape parental attitude and prevent chronic anxiety. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Patient 2, a 10-year-old boy, had episodic headaches with pinpoint pupils, skin flushing of the face, trunk, and extremities, purple discoloration of hands and feet, diaphoresis, nausea, and vomiting. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Celiac disease, epilepsy, and cerebral calcification syndrome (check anti-gliadin antibodies). • Migraine with visual aura. Migraine with visual aura. [medlink.com]

The latter occurred in 7 children suddenly and without premonition or obvious triggers while standing, sitting, lying down, or asleep, did not resolve in the horizontal position, and were not associated with stiffening or any involuntary movements, even [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Paralysis: A case report Ito K，Fujita T，Watanabe E，Ihara Y，Ideguchi H，Morishita T, Inoue T，Inoue T, Hirose S, AOCCN2017 14th Asian and Oceanian Congress of Child Neurology, 2017年5月 The effectiveness of steroid pulse therapy and prognosis in frontal lobe [resweb2.jhk.adm.fukuoka-u.ac.jp]

Interictal EEG showed multifocal spikes in the centrotemporal and left posterior regions. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

The electroencephalogram manifestations are severe with long runs of high amplitude occipital sharp and slow waves. [adc.bmj.com]

Both syndromes share similar classical inter-ictal EEG features with runs of occipital sharp and slow wave complexes which attenuate on eye opening (Panayiotopoulos, 1981 ). [academic.oup.com]

Sequential EEGs obtained from 5 to 11 years of age showed both multifocal discharges and generalized spike and wave complexes. With these changes in EEG findings, the patient experienced various types of seizures. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

 EEG shows multifocal discharges, typically rhythmic theta activity, that progressively expand to adjacent cortical areas  Ictal and interictal EEGs become indistinguishable  Prognosis is poor 12.  Onset before 1 year, peak 4–7 months.  Clusters [slideshare.net]

An outpatient EEG 6 months later showed abundant multifocal, predominantly posterior, as well as irregular generalized spike-and-slow-wave discharges on normal background consistent with the diagnosis of Panayiotopoulos syndrome. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Multifocal epileptiform discharges on EEG were identified in 84% of the patients. Two or more antiepileptic drugs were required in only 13% of the patients. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]