Here we present a child with cerebral paragonimiasis. She presented with new onset seizures in the setting of a febrile illness. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Fever

  These nine patients, aged 10-32 years, had fever, cough, pleural effusion, and eosinophilia. All had eaten raw or undercooked crayfish from rivers in Missouri while on canoeing or camping trips within 4 months of illness onset. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Hacking cough that persists for 5 days or more with clear, yellow, white, or green phlegm, absence of fever/ low grade fever may indicate bronchitis, another complication of the disease. [2,3,4] Difficulty in breathing This is due to primary infestation [explainmedicine.com]

  On migration of flukes into the lungs, patients can experience fevers, cough productive of brownish sputum, and occasionally hemoptysis as early signs of chronic pulmonary infection. [visualdx.com]

• Fatigue

  A 94-year-old female with end-stage renal disease presents with fever, fatigue, and hematochezia. She had previously resided in Hunan Province, China, and Myanmar, and she immigrated to Taiwan 30 years ago. Colonoscopy revealed a colonic ulcer. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  After several days, these initial symptoms may be followed by symptoms such as fatigue, fever, and chest pain. Symptoms of paragonimiasis may appear similar to the symptoms of tuberculosis. [newsmax.com]

  Symptoms Initial signs and symptoms may be diarrhea and abdominal pain followed several days later by fever, chest pain, and fatigue. [dshs.state.tx.us]

  Worldwide distribution Age More common in younger patients Gender Males appear to be more commonly infected Ethnicity No ethnic predilection Site Infection can involve Lung Brain Skin/subcutis Presentation Symptoms Abdominal pain Diarrhea Nausea Vomiting Fatigue [basicmedicalkey.com]

• Cough

  It causes chronic inflammatory reactions and the first effects are usually dry cough which may transform in to a productive cough with purulent sputum or hemoptysis before long. [explainmedicine.com]

  These nine patients, aged 10-32 years, had fever, cough, pleural effusion, and eosinophilia. All had eaten raw or undercooked crayfish from rivers in Missouri while on canoeing or camping trips within 4 months of illness onset. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  There can be chronic cough and difficulty breathing. Infection with a large number of the parasites can lead to coughing fits with blood-tinged sputum; the sputum may be brown because of the Paragonimus eggs being coughed up. [southernnevadahealthdistrict.org]

• Pleural Effusion

  The pleural effusion gradually disappeared after the medication. CONCLUSIONS: This patient had cutaneous paragonimiasis with a skin tumor that was diagnosed prior to the expression of a pleural effusion. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  In one study, Singh et al. [2] reported bilateral pleural effusion in 9 out of 45 paragonimiasis cases in children and in other Singh et al. [3] reported three cases of pleuropulmonary paragonimiasis associated with pleural effusion. [ijpmonline.org]

• Hemoptysis

  Paragonimiasis is a cause of parasitic hemoptysis worldwide. Paragonimiasis is infrequently encountered in North America and is usually not considered in the differential diagnosis of hemoptysis unless specific risk factors are known. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  This patient was treated with a course of praziquantel, and the hemoptysis resolved within 2 months. An 18-year-old man presented with a 1-year history of episodic hemoptysis. [nejm.org]

• Chronic Cough

  We found that the village leaders report on “blood in sputum” had a higher and in combination of with the presence of “chronic cough” a maximal sensitivity. [journals.plos.org]

  Both share similar clinical manifestations, which include chronic productive cough, hemoptysis, dyspnea, fever, weight loss, and night sweats. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Dry Cough

  Initial symptoms may also include dry cough, which then becomes productive with rust-colored or blood-tinged sputum on exertion. [newsmax.com]

  The symptoms may also include a dry cough, which later becomes productive with rusty-colored or blood-tinged sputum on exertion, and pleuritic chest pain. [dshs.state.tx.us]

  It causes chronic inflammatory reactions and the first effects are usually dry cough which may transform in to a productive cough with purulent sputum or hemoptysis before long. [explainmedicine.com]

• Abdominal Pain

  In conclusion, herein, we report a case of pulmonary and abdominal paragonimiasis in a girl who presented with abdominal pain and tenderness in the inguinal area. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  There could be abdominal pain, diarrhoea, urticaria, cough, dyspnea, body malaise and chest pain. Submit a request for further information, a quotation or indicative cost. Your enquiry will be forwarded to up to 3 private healthcare providers. [privatehealth.co.uk]

  The acute phase (invasion and migration) may be marked by diarrhea, abdominal pain, fever, cough, urticaria ( hives ), hepatosplenomegaly (enlargement of the liver and spleen), pulmonary abnormalities, and eosinophilia (an elevated level of eosinophils [medicinenet.com]

• Nausea

  METHODS: The authors have encountered 14 cases of cerebral paragonimiasis in patients between the ages of 6 and 16 years (mean age 11.5 years) who presented with sudden headache, nausea, and vomiting. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Methods The authors have encountered 14 cases of cerebral paragonimiasis in patients between the ages of 6 and 16 years (mean age 11.5 years) who presented with sudden headache, nausea, and vomiting. [thejns.org]

  Incidence Worldwide distribution Age More common in younger patients Gender Males appear to be more commonly infected Ethnicity No ethnic predilection Site Infection can involve Lung Brain Skin/subcutis Presentation Symptoms Abdominal pain Diarrhea Nausea [basicmedicalkey.com]

  Diarrhea, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting and urticarial eruption of dermatitis were observed as transient side-effects, less frequently in children than in adults. [ajtmh.org]

  Other chronic paragonimiasis symptoms may include: Belly pain Nausea Vomiting Bloody diarrhea Lumps or bumps on the skin of the belly or legs that come and go over time Some people with chronic paragonimiasis have no noticeable symptoms. [webmd.com]

• Recurrent Abdominal Pain

  Here, we report an ectopic paragonimiasis case initially presented with recurrent abdominal pain. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Pelvic Mass

  This is an unusual case of ovarian paragonimiasis mimicking ovarian cancer, which is instructive and informative for differential diagnoses of pelvic masses. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Abdominal Distension

  distension Chronic granuloma formation in the abdomen results in peritoneal abscesses which sometimes become large enough to cause significant abdominal distension. [2,5] At risk population Paragonimiasis is most common in countries like China, Korea [explainmedicine.com]

• Hemianopsia

  Five cases of cerebral paragonimiasis presenting with hemianopsia, convulsion, and gait disturbance are discussed. The cases were all in the chronic stage. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Clumsiness

  A 10-yr-old girl presented with sudden-onset dysarthria, right facial palsy and clumsiness of the right hand. Brain imaging showed acute intracerebral hemorrhage in the left frontal area. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Imaging studies obtained in a 9-year-old boy who presented with acute headache, nausea, and clumsiness of the left hand; the initial diagnosis was an inflammatory disease. Brain CT scanning showed a lesion with edema in the right frontal lobe (A). [thejns.org]

• Dysarthria

  A 10-yr-old girl presented with sudden-onset dysarthria, right facial palsy and clumsiness of the right hand. Brain imaging showed acute intracerebral hemorrhage in the left frontal area. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Spastic Paralysis

  Praziquantel can damage the cortex of parasites and stimulate muscle tonic contraction, causing spastic paralysis and death, and is recommended as an orally administered agent at a total dose of 75–150 mg/kg ( 13 ). [spandidos-publications.com]

Ultrasound of the swelling was done for further workup, which showed "a well-defined cystic area with tubular echogenic structure within masseteric muscle suggestive of the remote possibility of the parasitic infestation, Parotid and submandibular glands [ijcasereportsandimages.com]

• Pulmonary Infiltrate

  Physicians should be alerted to the possibility of this disease in Asian patients with hemoptysis and pulmonary infiltrates. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Roentgenograms reveal transient diffuse pulmonary infiltrates. Although the adult worms cause pulmonary disease, the larvae occasionally produce lesions at ectopic sites, such as the brain, liver, gut, skeletal muscle, testes, and lymph nodes. [histopathology-india.net]

  Later, once the worms are reproducing in the lung tissue, pulmonary infiltrates and hemoptysis occur, the sputum containing dark brown eggs. [web.stanford.edu]

• Right Pleural Effusion

  A 47-year-old man, who had presented with chest pain nine months earlier, was found to have right pleural effusion on detection survey computed tomography. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Chest X‑ray, Plain computed tomography of the chest and abdomen showed right pleural effusion, several nodules in right lower lung and a mass in the right upper abdominal wall. [spandidos-publications.com]

  A chest X-ray showed thin walled cavities, and a homogenous opacity in the right lower zone with obliteration of the right costo-phrenic angle, the apex of the opacity pointing towards the right axilla [Figure - 2] suggestive of right sided pleural effusion [ijmm.org]

• Cavitary Lesion

  CONCLUSIONS: The presence of internal low attenuation and perilesional centrilobular nodules associated with pulmonary consolidative lesions, along with cavitary lesions and worm-migration tracts, is more frequent in patients with paragonimiasis than [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  (b) Photograph of the gross specimen demonstrates an irregular cavitary lesion (arrows). Anchovy sauce content and trophozoites of E histolytica (not shown) were found on the lesion wall. Figure 3b. [pubs.rsna.org]

• Ovarian Mass

  This is an unusual case of ovarian paragonimiasis mimicking ovarian cancer, which is instructive and informative for differential diagnoses of pelvic masses. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Paragonimus Westermani

  […] by Paragonimus Paragonimus westermani infection edit English paragonimiasis food-borne parasitic infection caused by the lung fluke, most commonly Paragonimus westermani Infection by Paragonimus (disorder) lung fluke disease lung fluke infection pulmonary [wikidata.org]

  However, here we describe an exceedingly rare case of Paragonimus westermani with a mass in the pleural cavity. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Paragonimus westermani egg paragonimiasis Infection, usually of the lungs, with the fluke parasite Paragonimus westermani usually acquired by eating raw crabs or crayfish. [medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com]

• Colonic Ulcer

  Colonoscopy revealed a colonic ulcer. Biopsy of the colonic ulcer showed ulceration of the colonic mucosa, and many Paragonimus westermani-like eggs were noted. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Lymphocytic Infiltrate

  Transbronchial lung biopsy revealed the presence of pneumonia with mild eosinophilic infiltration but remarkable lymphocytic infiltration. In this patient, high IL-5 levels in both BALF and pleural effusion could explain the remarkable eosinophilia. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Ischemic Changes

  Cardiac involvement accompanied with old and recent-onset myocardial ischemic changes resulted in death of this patient. Here, we report a very rare case of malignant mesothelioma with a concomitant infection of parasitic lung fluke. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Pleural Effusion

  The pleural effusion gradually disappeared after the medication. CONCLUSIONS: This patient had cutaneous paragonimiasis with a skin tumor that was diagnosed prior to the expression of a pleural effusion. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  In one study, Singh et al. [2] reported bilateral pleural effusion in 9 out of 45 paragonimiasis cases in children and in other Singh et al. [3] reported three cases of pleuropulmonary paragonimiasis associated with pleural effusion. [ijpmonline.org]

Second, patients were already enrolled for TB treatment and showed non-improvement under TB treatment, and thus required further diagnosis for PRG. [msfindia.in]

Three of these patients were given carbamazepine from the beginning of parasiticidal treatment to prevent seizures; 4 of the remaining 7 patients experienced epileptic seizures during the treatment process. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

[…] that 16.7% (3/18) of patients needed additional PZQ treatment. [journals.lww.com]

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The early diagnosis of cerebral paragonimiasis (CP) is essential for a good prognosis. We seek to provide references for early diagnosis by analyzing the imaging characteristics of cerebral paragonimiasis. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

The prognosis in pulmonary paragonimiasis is good, but ectopic lesions of brain are often fatal, even with aggressive treatment. The worms provoke leukocytic infiltrates and later, fibrous encapsulation. [histopathology-india.net]

If the patient had possessed cancer with advanced metastasis, the opportunity for surgery would have been lost and the patient would receive a poor prognosis ( 11 ). [spandidos-publications.com]

Early diagnosis and timely treatment of this disease are vital for a positive prognosis. [thejns.org]

/Age (y)/Sex History Lung Lesion Onset of Symptoms Invaded Site Peripheral Eosinophilia, 10 9 /L Eosinophils in CSF Tx Prognosis 1/6/M Yes Yes Seizure Frontotemporal insula 0.04 / Praziquantel Cured 2/9/M Yes No HA, blurred vision Trigonum, thalamus 0.42 [stroke.ahajournals.org]

Anatomical dissection confirmed the presence of a mass of unknown etiology. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

TERMINOLOGY Synonyms Pulmonary distomiasis, lung fluke disease, parasitic hemoptysis, tojil (earth-borne disease), and gregarinosis Definitions Infectious condition caused by trematode ETIOLOGY/PATHOGENESIS Environmental Exposure Raw or partially cooked [basicmedicalkey.com]

The etiology is a flat worm called “lung fluke” which usually infects the lower respiratory tract [ 1, 2, 3 ]. Cerebral infection is uncommon and in Thailand there has been no reported case of cerebral paragonimiasis. [ispub.com]

Etiology The main causative agent of the disease is the tapeworm of the genus Paragonimus. In view of the fact that a parasite up to 0.12 mm long is a hermaphrodite by nature, it can lay eggs in a living organism. [brulanta.com]

Paragonimiasis was suspected in 21 of the patients who were referred to our laboratory, including 3 who tested positive for parasite eggs, and 9 patients were referred for screening for parasitic diseases of unknown etiology. [academic.oup.com]

Intradermal test, ELISA and Dot-immunogold filtration assay (DIGFA) were used for diagnosis and epidemiological survey of paragonimiasis. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Autor : Palabras clave : PARAGONIMUS;PARAGONIMIASIS;EPIDEMIOLOGY;ECUADOR Fecha de publicación : 2014 Citación : Calvopiña M. et al. (2014). Current status of Paragonimus and paragonimiasis in Ecuador. [repositorio.educacionsuperior.gob.ec]

North American paragonimiasis: epidemiology and diagnostic strategies. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther. 2015 Jun. 13 (6):779-86. [Medline]. Rosen MJ. [emedicine.medscape.com]

^ a b c d "Paragonimiasis: Background, Pathophysiology, Epidemiology". 2016-06-20. ^ a b c d e "Paragonimiasis". Center for Global Health, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). 2010-10-13. [en.wikipedia.org]

Preventive antiepileptic drugs should be used along with the administration of parasiticide. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Photo courtesy of The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. [emedicine.medscape.com]