The present study also revealed the considerable genetic variation of the P. skrjabini complex and its possible distribution in other countries. [researchgate.net]

A case of cutaneous paragonimiasis presented with minimal pleuritis. [tropicalparasitology.org]

Radiologically, may be presented as consolidation, pleural effusion, and other nonspecific abnormalities. [lungindia.com]

Six months prior to presentation he had captured crayfish, cooked them, and eaten them in Bennett Springs State Park near Lebanon, Missouri. He also had crayfish in a restaurant 1 month prior to presentation. [academic.oup.com]

[…] as not having typical clinical symptoms, but repeatedly presenting with migrated lesions between the lung and pleura. [ijpmonline.org]

• Fever

  Three of them were affected with varying degrees of limb hemiplegia, and in 1 this was combined with high fever; the blood eosinophil count and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay showed positive results too. [thejns.org]

  The major symptoms and signs of an unique case reported from Sichuan Province included hepatic tenderness, disturbance of hepatic functions, remittent fever, and cough with bloody sputum. [ajtmh.org]

  One case is a 32-year-old male patient who was admitted to the hospital due to upper abdominal discomfort without fever for 1 month. [journals.lww.com]

  Symptoms and Signs of Paragonimiasis During invasion and migration of the flukes, diarrhea, abdominal pain, fever, cough, urticaria, hepatosplenomegaly, pulmonary abnormalities, and eosinophilia may develop. [msdmanuals.com]

  A 3.5-year-old male child from Senapati district in Manipur reported with intermittent low-grade fever, occasional non-productive cough, and mild chest pain since 6 months. There was no history of contact with known case of pulmonary tuberculosis. [tropicalparasitology.org]

• Pain

  Manifestations of pulmonary infection develop slowly and include chronic cough, chest pain, hemoptysis, and dyspnea; the clinical picture resembles and is often confused with tuberculosis. [msdmanuals.com]

  The correct diagnosis is often difficult or delayed or remained undiagnosed until the nodule becomes enlarged and painful and the cause is investigated. [tropicalparasitology.org]

  […] and cough while the cerebral type tends to result in vomiting and headaches.[7] The pericarditis type is associated with shortness of breath and palpitation while the abdominal type infections lead to diarrhea and abdominal pain.[7] P. skrjabini has [en.wikipedia.org]

• High Fever

  Three of them were affected with varying degrees of limb hemiplegia, and in 1 this was combined with high fever; the blood eosinophil count and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay showed positive results too. [thejns.org]

  fever, it can also come on slowly and fail to exhibit identifiable symptoms for a period of latency between 20 days to as long as 3 months.[7] Later on in the infection, the type of symptoms that appear primarily depends on which organs the P. skrjabini [en.wikipedia.org]

• Weakness

  The patient was confused, had normal vital signs, significant left upper extremity weakness, and mild left-sided facial weakness. [academic.oup.com]

  Less common findings included weakness (10%; 4/39), rhonchi (5.1%; 2/39), hoarseness (10.3%; 4/39), and breathlessness (5.1%; 2/39) ( 167 ). Chronic bronchitis and wheezing have been reported by others ( 32, 80 ). [doi.org]

• Hunting

  Infection with Paragonimus westermani of boar-hunting dogs in Western Japan maintained via artificial feeding with wild boar meat by hunters. J. Vet. Med. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  These individuals had a propensity for hunting, camping, and “living off the land”; one consumed the raw crayfish in a “playful manner” ( 30, 100, 141 ) As indicated above, patients with paragonimiasis in North America may also have imported disease [doi.org]

• Cough

  Manifestations of pulmonary infection develop slowly and include chronic cough, chest pain, hemoptysis, and dyspnea; the clinical picture resembles and is often confused with tuberculosis. [msdmanuals.com]

  Persons may cough up coffee-colored or blood-tinged sputum, often accompanied by chest pain and/or shortness of breath. The sputum may be peppered consisting of clumps of eggs produced by the adult fluke living in the lung. [cdc.gov]

  The diagnostic signs include cough, blood-tinged sputum and, less frequently, hemoptysis, distressing chest pain and dyspnea. The drugs of choice for treatment of paragonimiasis are praziquantel and bithionol. [kegg.jp]

  The major symptoms and signs of an unique case reported from Sichuan Province included hepatic tenderness, disturbance of hepatic functions, remittent fever, and cough with bloody sputum. [ajtmh.org]

  As an outpatient on day 28, he reported mild daily headaches and a nonproductive cough. Chest CT showed trace pericardial and right pleural effusions. [academic.oup.com]

• Sputum

  Microscopic examination of sputum and stool Serologic tests to detect antibodies Diagnosis of paragonimiasis is by identifying the characteristic large operculated eggs in sputum or stool. [msdmanuals.com]

  Sputum examined microscopically may reveal Paragonimus eggs released by the flukes in the lungs. Keep in mind that the acid-fast stain that is used for TB testing of sputum destroys eggs. [cdc.gov]

  […] analysis thorax radiography urticaria vomiting Western blotting Animals Humans India Life Cycle Stages Lung Paragonimiasis Paragonimus Phylogeography Sputum วันที่เผยแพร่: 2012 บทคัดย่อ: Ever since the discovery of the first indigenous case in 1981, [ir.swu.ac.th]

  Chest X-ray PA view, sputum for acid-fast Bacilli (AFB) smear and culture, sputum smear for Paragonimus eggs, and serological test for paragonimiasis (ELISA) were done. [lungindia.com]

  The diagnostic signs include cough, blood-tinged sputum and, less frequently, hemoptysis, distressing chest pain and dyspnea. The drugs of choice for treatment of paragonimiasis are praziquantel and bithionol. [kegg.jp]

• Pleural Effusion

  When the lesions in the lung disappeared, the pleural effusion appeared. [ijpmonline.org]

  Radiologically, may be presented as consolidation, pleural effusion, and other nonspecific abnormalities. [lungindia.com]

  Pulmonary paragonimiasis was the commonest clinical manifestation while pleural effusion and subcutaneous nodules were the common extra-pulmonary forms. Clinico-radiological features of pulmonary paragonimiasis simulated pulmonary tuberculosis. [ir.swu.ac.th]

  X-rays provide ancillary information but are not diagnostic; chest x-rays and CT may show a diffuse infiltrate, nodules, annular ring shadow lesions, cavitations, linear opacities, lung abscesses, pleural effusion, and/or pneumothorax. [msdmanuals.com]

  A case of cutaneous paragonimiasis with pleural effusion. Int J Dermatol 2003;42:699-702. 12. Jianzu D, Yue W, Junhu C, Evaluation on the detection of Paragonimus antibodies by DIGFA. Chinese J Zoonoses 2003;19:89-90. 13. Qian BZ, Sugiyama H. [tropicalparasitology.org]

• Dyspnea

  Manifestations of pulmonary infection develop slowly and include chronic cough, chest pain, hemoptysis, and dyspnea; the clinical picture resembles and is often confused with tuberculosis. [msdmanuals.com]

  The diagnostic signs include cough, blood-tinged sputum and, less frequently, hemoptysis, distressing chest pain and dyspnea. The drugs of choice for treatment of paragonimiasis are praziquantel and bithionol. [kegg.jp]

  The pulmonary manifestations are a predominately cough, hemoptysis, chest pain, dyspnea, and eosinophilia. [ijpmonline.org]

  One of these patients developed dyspnea, left pleuritic chest pain, and a left-sided pneumothorax approximately a month after the initiation of infection. [doi.org]

• Abdominal Pain

  Symptoms and Signs of Paragonimiasis During invasion and migration of the flukes, diarrhea, abdominal pain, fever, cough, urticaria, hepatosplenomegaly, pulmonary abnormalities, and eosinophilia may develop. [msdmanuals.com]

  […] type infections lead to diarrhea and abdominal pain.[7] P. skrjabini has shown no effect on mammalian reproductive abilities.[7] Despite occasional cases resulting in death, P. skrjabini has not been widely known to cause morbidity and death.[5] Surgery [en.wikipedia.org]

• Diarrhea

  […] anthelmintic agent antihistaminic agent bithionol praziquantel ticlabendazole unclassified drug abdominal paragonimiasis absence of side effects Alcomon superciliosum cardiovascular paragonimiasis cerebral paragonimiasis crab cuatneous paragonimiasis diarrhea [ir.swu.ac.th]

  Symptoms and Signs of Paragonimiasis During invasion and migration of the flukes, diarrhea, abdominal pain, fever, cough, urticaria, hepatosplenomegaly, pulmonary abnormalities, and eosinophilia may develop. [msdmanuals.com]

  for instance, exhibit symptoms like chest pain and cough while the cerebral type tends to result in vomiting and headaches.[7] The pericarditis type is associated with shortness of breath and palpitation while the abdominal type infections lead to diarrhea [en.wikipedia.org]

• Vomiting

  […] heterotremus Paragonimus miyazakii manipurinus Paragonimus skrjabini Paragonimus westermani phylogeny pleura effusion pleuropulmonary paragonimiasis Potamiscus manipurensis pruritus recommended drug dose review sputum analysis thorax radiography urticaria vomiting [ir.swu.ac.th]

  Methods The authors have encountered 14 cases of cerebral paragonimiasis in patients between the ages of 6 and 16 years (mean age 11.5 years) who presented with sudden headache, nausea, and vomiting. [thejns.org]

  […] types including the subcutaneous mass type, cerebral type, pericarditis type, abdominal type, and pleurisy type.[7] Infections of the pleurisy type, for instance, exhibit symptoms like chest pain and cough while the cerebral type tends to result in vomiting [en.wikipedia.org]

• Nausea

  […] side effects Alcomon superciliosum cardiovascular paragonimiasis cerebral paragonimiasis crab cuatneous paragonimiasis diarrhea enzyme linked immunosorbent assay extrapulmonary paragonimiasis human India lung tuberculosis Maydelliathelphusa lugubris nausea [ir.swu.ac.th]

  Methods The authors have encountered 14 cases of cerebral paragonimiasis in patients between the ages of 6 and 16 years (mean age 11.5 years) who presented with sudden headache, nausea, and vomiting. [thejns.org]

  Severe headache continued with associated photophobia, phonophobia, nausea, diplopia, and neck stiffness. Family history was noncontributory. He lived in Kansas City and had not traveled internationally. [academic.oup.com]

• Chest Pain

  Manifestations of pulmonary infection develop slowly and include chronic cough, chest pain, hemoptysis, and dyspnea; the clinical picture resembles and is often confused with tuberculosis. [msdmanuals.com]

  The symptoms are characteristically referable to the chest, abdomen, lymph nodes or brain. The diagnostic signs include cough, blood-tinged sputum and, less frequently, hemoptysis, distressing chest pain and dyspnea. [kegg.jp]

  Persons may cough up coffee-colored or blood-tinged sputum, often accompanied by chest pain and/or shortness of breath. The sputum may be peppered consisting of clumps of eggs produced by the adult fluke living in the lung. [cdc.gov]

  All the study subjects had a history of crab intake and presented with respiratory symptoms such as chest pain, breathlessness, and cough with expectoration. [lungindia.com]

  The typical symptoms of pleuropulmonary paragonimiasis include fever, cough, blood-tinged sputum, dyspnea, abdominal pain, and chest pain. [6] Our patient did not present with these typical symptoms. [ijpmonline.org]

• Palpitations

  […] type, and pleurisy type.[7] Infections of the pleurisy type, for instance, exhibit symptoms like chest pain and cough while the cerebral type tends to result in vomiting and headaches.[7] The pericarditis type is associated with shortness of breath and palpitation [en.wikipedia.org]

• Subcutaneous Mass

  mass type, cerebral type, pericarditis type, abdominal type, and pleurisy type.[7] Infections of the pleurisy type, for instance, exhibit symptoms like chest pain and cough while the cerebral type tends to result in vomiting and headaches.[7] The pericarditis [en.wikipedia.org]

• Subcutaneous Nodule

  The cutaneous paragonimiasis is usually presented as a slowly migrating and painless subcutaneous nodule. [tropicalparasitology.org]

  Pulmonary paragonimiasis was the commonest clinical manifestation while pleural effusion and subcutaneous nodules were the common extra-pulmonary forms. Clinico-radiological features of pulmonary paragonimiasis simulated pulmonary tuberculosis. [ir.swu.ac.th]

  Paragonimus skrjabini has been described to produce subcutaneous nodules in 30 to 60% of infected people ( 75, 112, 199 ). [doi.org]

• Urticaria

  […] paragonimus heterotremus Paragonimus miyazakii manipurinus Paragonimus skrjabini Paragonimus westermani phylogeny pleura effusion pleuropulmonary paragonimiasis Potamiscus manipurensis pruritus recommended drug dose review sputum analysis thorax radiography urticaria [ir.swu.ac.th]

  Symptoms and Signs of Paragonimiasis During invasion and migration of the flukes, diarrhea, abdominal pain, fever, cough, urticaria, hepatosplenomegaly, pulmonary abnormalities, and eosinophilia may develop. [msdmanuals.com]

  Fever, chest pain, fatigue, and urticaria may follow. Fever has been noted to occur in only 10 to 20% of patients early in the disease process ( 80 ). Eosinophilia accompanies these clinical findings (see “General Laboratory Findings” below). [doi.org]

• Pruritus

  […] nucleotide sequence paragonimiasis Paragonimus Paragonimus compactus paragonimus heterotremus Paragonimus miyazakii manipurinus Paragonimus skrjabini Paragonimus westermani phylogeny pleura effusion pleuropulmonary paragonimiasis Potamiscus manipurensis pruritus [ir.swu.ac.th]

  […] diagnosis of cutaneous paragonimiasis should include gnathostomiasis, sparganosis, and onchocerciasis, which also cause migratory subcutaneous swelling. [11] In the later cases, the migratory cutaneous nodules are usually associated with localized pain, pruritus [tropicalparasitology.org]

• Suggestibility

  Moreover, low bootstrap values in the CO1 tree suggested that more variant genotypes belonging to P. skrjabini complex may be found in other Asian countries in between Vietnam and India, such as Myanmar, Laos and Thailand. [sciencegate.app]

  […] transmitted by the snail population; 4) to examine the genetics of snail populations brought to our attention by those of the TMRC project 1 who have found a genetically diverse population of parasite of either S. japonicum or paragonimus spp. that would suggest [grantome.com]

• Headache

  CASE 1 A previously healthy 32-year-old man taking no medications presented with 2 days of severe headache. The patient noted a pulling sensation behind his left eye followed by headache and blurry vision; left eye deviation was noted. [academic.oup.com]

  Methods The authors have encountered 14 cases of cerebral paragonimiasis in patients between the ages of 6 and 16 years (mean age 11.5 years) who presented with sudden headache, nausea, and vomiting. [thejns.org]

  CNS symptoms may include headaches, seizures, and visual disturbances. Paragonimus flukes may also invade the liver, spleen, intestinal wall, peritoneum, and abdominal lymph nodes. [cdc.gov]

  He was first admitted to a local hospital in September 2012 with a 1-week history of marasmus, fatigue, anorexia, and occasional headache. [ijpmonline.org]

  […] including the subcutaneous mass type, cerebral type, pericarditis type, abdominal type, and pleurisy type.[7] Infections of the pleurisy type, for instance, exhibit symptoms like chest pain and cough while the cerebral type tends to result in vomiting and headaches [en.wikipedia.org]

• Paragonimus Westermani

  Acta zoologica sinica 28(2): 146-148, 1982 Comparative disc electrophoretic study of Paragonimus skrjabini and Paragonimus westermani. [eurekamag.com]

  Fifteen Paragonimus species are human pathogens, but two of these, Paragonimus westermani and P. skrjabini, are responsible for the bulk of human disease. [mendeley.com]

  Discovery of Paragonimus westermani in Vietnam and its molecular phylogenetic status in P. westermani complex. Parasitol Res 2009;104: 1149-1155. PMID: 19083013. 18. Doanh PN, Hien HV, Nonaka N, Horii Y, Nawa Y. [parasitol.kr]

• Pleural Effusion

  When the lesions in the lung disappeared, the pleural effusion appeared. [ijpmonline.org]

  Radiologically, may be presented as consolidation, pleural effusion, and other nonspecific abnormalities. [lungindia.com]

  Pulmonary paragonimiasis was the commonest clinical manifestation while pleural effusion and subcutaneous nodules were the common extra-pulmonary forms. Clinico-radiological features of pulmonary paragonimiasis simulated pulmonary tuberculosis. [ir.swu.ac.th]

  X-rays provide ancillary information but are not diagnostic; chest x-rays and CT may show a diffuse infiltrate, nodules, annular ring shadow lesions, cavitations, linear opacities, lung abscesses, pleural effusion, and/or pneumothorax. [msdmanuals.com]

  A case of cutaneous paragonimiasis with pleural effusion. Int J Dermatol 2003;42:699-702. 12. Jianzu D, Yue W, Junhu C, Evaluation on the detection of Paragonimus antibodies by DIGFA. Chinese J Zoonoses 2003;19:89-90. 13. Qian BZ, Sugiyama H. [tropicalparasitology.org]

but improved with 3 cycles of praziquantel treatment and 1 cycle of albendazole treatment. [ijpmonline.org]

Three of these patients were given carbamazepine from the beginning of parasiticidal treatment to prevent seizures; 4 of the remaining 7 patients experienced epileptic seizures during the treatment process. [thejns.org]

Human Paragonimiasis skrjabini manifests as a complex set of clinical symptoms, which may result in misdiagnosis and delayed treatment. External Collaborators: Dr. Kongzhen Gu Dr. [trematode.net]

Chinese Journal of Parasitic Disease Control 4(4): 266-268, 1991 Observation on praziquantel in the treatment of 120 cases of Paragonimus skrjabini. [eurekamag.com]

Not surprisingly, patients with cerebral paragonimiasis have a much poorer prognosis than patients with pleuropulmonary disease. [doi.org]

Paragonimus skrjabini is a unique species found in China and the main etiological agent of extrapulmonary paragonimiasis in human. [trematode.net]

When told of this finding in one of his former patients, Patrick Manson suspected that this fluke might be the etiology of the benign hemoptysis be encountered so often in his practice in Amoy, China. [isradiology.org]

The common signs and symptoms, such as shortness of breath because of lung compression, associated with a hemo- or pneumothorax of whatever etiology will also be present in patients with paragonimiasis who have these manifestations of disease. [doi.org]

Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica, 146: 536-541, 1983 Epidemiological investigation on intermediate hosts of paragonimus in Ninghai County in 2004. 2006 Epidemiological survey on paragonimiasis and intermediate hosts of paragonimus westermani in yochon [eurekamag.com]

Addressing the biology, epidemiology, and pathogenesis of more than 60 microorganisms, Molecular Detection of Foodborne Pathogens demonstrates how to implement a surveillance system that uses state-of-the-art molecular techniques to quickly detect and [books.google.es]

A recent epidemiological survey showed that the rate of paragonimiasis in some areas was over 21%. Paragonimus skrjabini is a unique species found in China and the main etiological agent of extrapulmonary paragonimiasis in human. [trematode.net]

Intradermal test, ELISA and Dot-immunogold filtration assay (DIGFA) were used for diagnosis and epidemiological survey of paragonimiasis. [ir.swu.ac.th]

China Shao-hong CHEN National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai 200025, China Zheng FENG National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai [mednexus.org]

He joined the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in 1993, first as a guest researcher and then as a senior staff fellow. [books.google.es]

Preventive antiepileptic drugs should be used along with the administration of parasiticide. Abbreviations used in this paper: ELISA = enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ; ICH = intracranial hemorrhage . [thejns.org]

The best prevention is to avoid eating raw or undercooked freshwater crabs and crayfish from endemic waters. Click here for Patient Education [msdmanuals.com]