We aimed to assess a drug and delivery system that is potentially more effective, safer, and easier to administer than those presently in use. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

The diagnosis of subarachnoid haemorrhage is completely presented. A chapter is devoted to the prevention of more cranial bleeding. [books.google.com]

All children presenting with seizures to a children's A & E department over a period of 9 months were studied prospectively. [journals.cambridge.org]

Statistics from Altmetric.com Report by Will Townend, Specialist Registrar Checked by Kevin Mackway-Jones, Professor Clinical scenario A fitting three year old child presents to the emergency department. [doi.org]

Although all material presented at this site has been thoroughly researched and is believed to be correct, Epilepsy Ontario accepts no liability. Consult your physician and/or neurologist with any questions you have. [epilepsyontario.org]

• Weakness

  Larger doses-coma-weak pulse and shallow respiration, cyanosis-death from respiratory paralysis. EYES: irritation-can cause serious injury. SKIN: Dermatitis (skin inflammation). Safety Profile A human poison by rectal route. [chemicalbook.com]

  Urine Confusion Decreased Urination Increased Breathing Nausea Vomiting Tremors Nervousness Irritability Restlessness Lowing of The Heart Rate shortness of Breath or Shallow Breathing Severe Abdominal Cramping The individual can also experience muscle weakness [addictionsearch.com]

  Some signs of an overdose are confusion, muscle tremors, nausea or vomiting (continuing or severe), severe stomach cramps, severe weakness, shortness of breath or slow or troubled breathing, and slow heartbeat. [drugs.com]

• Swelling

  If any of the following happen, tell your doctor immediately or go to the Emergency Department at your nearest hospital: pain, blistering or swelling at the injection site numbness at or near the injection site swelling and redness along a vein breathlessness [nps.org.au]

  Additional side effects include coughing when it is injected, skin rash and itching, redness, swelling or pain at the site of injection (another reason it is not typically injected), and yellowing eyes or skin. [addictionsearch.com]

  I proposed three possible mechanisms for the development of deltoid contracture: -Direct disruption of the muscle by injection or injections associated miotoxicitate Mioischemia due to an injection-swelling volume, compression and destruction of vascular [medicaldb.blogspot.com]

• Cough

  Additional side effects include coughing when it is injected, skin rash and itching, redness, swelling or pain at the site of injection (another reason it is not typically injected), and yellowing eyes or skin. [addictionsearch.com]

  If symptoms (such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, or burning in the mouth, throat, or chest) develop, call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital. [cameochemicals.noaa.gov]

  Paraldehyde is used as an ingredient in some cough medicines as an expectorant, but its efficacy for this indication has not been confirmed and its use as an expectorant may possibly be due to a placebo effect. [drugbank.ca]

  It was included in some cough medicines as an expectorant (though there is no known mechanism for this function beyond the placebo effect). [en.wikipedia.org]

  Check with your doctor as soon as possible if any of the following side effects occur: More common Coughing (with injection only) skin rash Less common Redness, swelling, or pain at injection site With long-term use Yellow eyes or skin Symptoms of overdose [drugs.com]

• Hypotension

  Oral and rectal admin may cause gastric or rectal irritation; IM admin is associated with tissue necrosis, sterile abscesses, and nerve damage; IV admin may cause pulmonary oedema, haemorrhage, hypotension, cardiac dilatation, circulatory collapse and [mims.com]

  This may lead to coma, severe hypotension, respiratory depression, pulmonary oedema and cardiac failure. Paraldehyde-induced coma may last for several hours because it is slowly metabolised. [web.archive.org]

  With phenytoin, use a slow rate of infusion (< 1 mg/kg/min or < 50 mg/min) to avoid hypotension or cardiac arrhythmias. [emedicine.medscape.com]

  CV: Hypotension, dilation and failure of right heart, cardiovascular collapse. GI: Irritation of mucous membrane (oral and rectal routes), nausea, vomiting, unpleasant taste and odor, toxic hepatitis, bleeding gastritis, liver damage. [robholland.com]

  Clearance Not Available Toxicity Paraldehyde overdosage can produce headache, nausea, drowsiness, unconsciousness, coma, severe hypotension, respiratory depression, pulmonary edema and hemorrhages, and right-side heart failure 4. [drugbank.ca]

• Heart Failure

  Clearance Not Available Toxicity Paraldehyde overdosage can produce headache, nausea, drowsiness, unconsciousness, coma, severe hypotension, respiratory depression, pulmonary edema and hemorrhages, and right-side heart failure 4. [drugbank.ca]

  Fatalities are uncommon, but when they occur they are usually caused by respiratory failure. A few fatalities have been attributed to pulmonary oedema and right-sided heart failure or metabolic acidosis. [web.archive.org]

  Toxicity Paraldehyde overdosage can produce headache, nausea, drowsiness, unconsciousness, coma, severe hypotension, respiratory depression, pulmonary edema and hemorrhages, and right-side heart failure 4. [go.drugbank.com]

  The usual progression of symptoms in a fatal overdose are coma, severe hypotension, stoppage of breathing, pulmonary edema, and stoppage of the heart. Most die of respiratory failure, heart failure or acidosis. [drugaddictiontreatment.com]

• Heart Disease

  Tell your doctor if you have or have had any of the following medical conditions: heart disease asthma liver disease. If you have not told your doctor about any of the above, tell them before you are given Paraldehyde Injection. [nps.org.au]

• Tachycardia

  Adverse reactions occurred in nine patients, all of whom had been treated with paraldehyde; these patients had greater degrees of fever, tachypnea, and tachycardia and required three times longer for initial calming than patients without adverse reactions [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Myopathy

  Injuries caused by repeated injections are considered miotoxicitatea deltoidiene triggers contraction by determining the fibrotic myopathy myositis and secondary degeneration. Denervation occurs simultaneously by fibrotic compression or ischemia. [medicaldb.blogspot.com]

• Suggestibility

  Abstract Clinical observations and laboratory tests suggest that, contrary to normal practice, paraldehyde can be used with certain plastic syringes and has been safely used when well over six months old. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  You wonder whether there is any evidence to suggest whether paraldehyde or phenytoin should be given next. [doi.org]

  Suggestions? If you have ideas for improvement, we would enjoy hearing from you. Please contact the webmaster here. Ask an Expert Call 1-800-695-7222 for a Quick Quote, or reach us online... Contact Form [caslab.com]

  EMG abnormalities are described and unaffected muscle suggesting an initial anomaly that makes succeptibil muscle to develop fibrosis. [medicaldb.blogspot.com]

  […] maintenance dose of 5-6 mg/kg/day (in 2 divided doses daily), which terminated the episode of SE. [27] Another study reported a loading dose of 10 mg/kg followed by 5 mg/kg/day maintenance (in 2 divided doses daily). [28] Treatment of SE with topiramate is suggested [emedicine.medscape.com]

• Tremor

  O 3 Molecular Weight 132.16 Beilstein Registry Number 80142 EC Number 204-639-8 MDL number MFCD00036208 PubChem Substance ID 24898662 Description Biochem/physiol Actions Hypnotic with rapid onset; anticonvulsant at high doses; used to treat delirium tremors [sigmaaldrich.com]

  Withdrawal from a paraldehyde addiction is very similar to withdrawing from alcohol, producing the same dangerous symptoms such as hallucinations, tremors, and delirium tremors. [drugaddictiontreatment.com]

  It is also possible to overdose on paraldehyde, these symptoms can include: Cloudy Urine Confusion Decreased Urination Increased Breathing Nausea Vomiting Tremors Nervousness Irritability Restlessness Lowing of The Heart Rate shortness of Breath or Shallow [addictionsearch.com]

  Some signs of an overdose are confusion, muscle tremors, nausea or vomiting (continuing or severe), severe stomach cramps, severe weakness, shortness of breath or slow or troubled breathing, and slow heartbeat. [drugs.com]

• Confusion

  It is also possible to overdose on paraldehyde, these symptoms can include: Cloudy Urine Confusion Decreased Urination Increased Breathing Nausea Vomiting Tremors Nervousness Irritability Restlessness Lowing of The Heart Rate shortness of Breath or Shallow [addictionsearch.com]

  Some signs of an overdose are confusion, muscle tremors, nausea or vomiting (continuing or severe), severe stomach cramps, severe weakness, shortness of breath or slow or troubled breathing, and slow heartbeat. [drugs.com]

  If this medicine is stopped suddenly it may have unwanted side effects such as hallucinations, sweating, tremors, restlessness and mental confusion. [nps.org.au]

• Agitation

  It is useful for controlling insomnia, excitement, agitation, delirium, convulsions and even severe pain, in which its powerful hypnotic effect leads to relaxation and sleep.. .. [nejm.org]

  Paraldehyde may be effective in reducing the anxiety associated with withdrawal from drugs such as narcotics or barbiturates, as well as in the management of acute agitation or delirium tremens due to alcohol withdrawal. [web.archive.org]

  Sedative and hypnotic in acute agitation due to alcohol withdrawal; used to control convulsions arising from tetanus, eclampsia, Status Epilepticus, and drug poisoning. Has been used rectally to induce basal anesthesia, particularly in children. [robholland.com]

  The mixture is agitated throughout the reaction. [google.com]

  […] injection site numbness at or near the injection site swelling and redness along a vein breathlessness, which may be very severe and usually worsens on lying down bluish discolouration of the skin nausea swelling or oedema severe stomach cramps confusion or agitation [nps.org.au]

• Stupor

  Intravenous valproic acid is used for 3-Hz spike and wave stupor (absence SE) and myoclonic SE in cases of juvenile myoclonic epilepsy and postanoxic myoclonus. [29, 30] Treatment of convulsive status (ie, GTCSE) with IV valproic acid after failure of [emedicine.medscape.com]

diagnosis and treatment of non-viral infective encephalitis; viral meningitis; meningovascular syphilis; diagnosis and treatment of cerebral abscess; diagnosis and treatment of intracranial subdural empyema; and diagnosis and treatment of cerebral venous [books.google.com]

BACKGROUND: In sub-Saharan Africa, rectal diazepam or intramuscular paraldehyde are commonly used as first-line anticonvulsant agents in the emergency treatment of seizures in children. These treatments can be expensive and sometimes toxic. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

It also has been used in the treatment of alcoholism and in the treatment of nervous and mental conditions to calm or relax patients who are nervous or tense and to produce sleep. [mayoclinic.org]

A large number of previously untreatable patients gained access to treatment and improved their prognosis. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

The etiology of SE epilepticus should then be investigated. If benzodiazepine therapy proves ineffective, IV or IO fosphenytoin or phenytoin is used. [emedicine.medscape.com]

After an overview of history, classification, and epidemiology, the contributors consider clinical phenomenology, biological markers, pathophysiology, brain damage, epileptogenesis, therapeutic principles, pharmacology, and therapeutic management. [books.google.com]

The goal is to provide a scientific rationale for clinical decisions while developing therapeutic attitudes that are firmly grounded in pathophysiology. [books.google.com]

Stop up the lower connecter to prevent water from leaking out. To the top of the condenser, attach a glass tube connected to a wash bottle filled with 50 mL of ether. [erowid.org]

A chapter is devoted to the prevention of more cranial bleeding. [books.google.com]

Keep the patient turned on side to prevent aspiration since bronchial secretions may be increased. Suctioning may be necessary. Be aware that patient's breath will have a characteristic odor for several hours. [robholland.com]

Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. A vapor-suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors. Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers. [cameochemicals.noaa.gov]

This treatment did not prevent reversion of paraldehyde to acetaldehyde, as shown in the table. (2) Sodium hydroxide was added as a 10.5 weight percent aqueous solution and the mixture was stirred vigorously as before. [google.com]