A case is presented of a 14-year-old female undergoing orthodontic fixed appliance treatment who presented with right facial swelling in the parotid region. An initial diagnosis of acute infective parotitis was made by her primary care clinician. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome

  Unfortunately, she suffered multiple organ dysfunction syndrome and died. Acute suppurative parotitis requires prompt aggressive treatment that nevertheless may fail. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Poor Feeding

  This case report describes a male neonate, 12 days of age, who presented with high grade fever, irritability, poor feeding and bilateral swelling in the parotid region. Workup showed bilateral suppurative parotitis. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Workup showed bilateral suppurative parotitis. Abscess developed despite antibiotic therapy requiring surgical drainage before final recovery. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Laboratory tests and autoimmune workup were completed in 7 patients. [jamanetwork.com]

Sialography was commonly used in the workup of parotid disease in the past, and this group demonstrates punctate sialectasis, which implies point like dilatations within the gland. Six-year-old girl with recurrent parotitis of childhood. [emedicine.medscape.com]

• Mycobacterium Fortuitum

  Parotitis caused by nontuberculous mycobacteria, a very rare disease entity, has never been reported to be caused by Mycobacterium fortuitum (M. fortuitum) in the literature. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Polyps

  The features of these 21 cases found endoscopically were of 4 types: sialolith (n = 4; 19.0%), duct polyps (n = 5; 23.8%), stenosis (n = 3; 14.3%), and mucus plug (n = 9; 42.9%). [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Wisdom tooth impaction Macrodontia Meth mouth Microdontia Odontogenic tumors Keratocystic odontogenic tumour Odontoma Dens in dente Open contact Premature eruption Neonatal teeth Pulp calcification Pulp stone Pulp canal obliteration Pulp necrosis Pulp polyp [en.wikipedia.org]

Although symptomatic treatment with antibiotics and analgesic, injection of intraductal medicament, aggressive treatment like duct ligation or excision of gland are some of the treatment modalities, there is no established algorithm as to which treatment [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Acute parotitis in neonates This rare form of parotitis is lethal without treatment. [emedicine.medscape.com]

Treatment options go from conservative treatments with anti-inflammatories, analgesic and antibiotics to invasive surgical treatments. [aclr.com.es]

Advances in antimicrobial therapy have improved both outcome and prognosis. Thanks to the prompt antibiotic treatment complications are now drastically reduced. Ultrasound examination may help in the diagnosis and monitoring of clinical course. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

The prognosis is favorable with rare recurrence. The authors describe a case of an 8-day-old, full-term boy diagnosed with acute parotitis. [ejo.eg.net]

The prognosis in uncomplicated cases is very good. [amboss.com]

Prognosis In the long term, most cases of parotitis go away and don't return. Parotitis that is linked to another medical condition (such as HIV/AIDS or Sjögren's syndrome) may not go away completely. [colgate.com]

Outlook (Prognosis) Most salivary gland infections go away on their own or are cured with treatment. Some infections will return. Complications are not common. [mountsinai.org]

We also tried to rule out infectious etiology by doing blood counts and autoimmune etiology by ESR, RA factor and ANA. The results were non-contributory. [jiaps.com]

Chronic recurrent non-specific parotitis is characterized by recurrent episodes of swelling and pain of unknown etiology in the parotid gland. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

The theories of etiology are diverse. Many authors are convinced that sialoliths or scarring of the ducts cause stasis of salivary flow and predispose the gland to infection is the etiology, but this is probably true for only a minority of cases. [emedicine.medscape.com]

To better understand the epidemiology of mumps in Korean children, we investigated sporadic suspected mumps cases with parotitis. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

In the context of a mumps outbreak If the patient has acute parotitis and is suspected of having mumps infection because s/he is epidemiologically linked to an ongoing outbreak, testing for mumps infection is a priority as the parotitis is most likely [cdc.gov]

References: [1] [2] [3] [4] Epidemiological data refers to the US, unless otherwise specified. [amboss.com]

Etiology and Pathophysiology Acute viral parotitis begins as a systemic infection that localizes to the parotid gland, resulting in inflammation and swelling of the gland. [unboundmedicine.com]

References: [3] [5] Pathophysiology Clinical features Incubation period : 16–18 days Asymptomatic course in ∼ 20% of cases Nonspecific or predominantly respiratory symptoms in ∼ 50% of cases Prodrome : Duration: 3–4 days Low-grade fever, malaise, headache [amboss.com]

This might suggest a pathophysiological reason as to why the presence of an APG correlates to the pathogenesis of parotitis. Abnormal morphology of the salivary duct can interfere with the flow of saliva. [journals.plos.org]

Because the pathophysiology is poorly understood, the rationale of several surgical treatments is rather weak. Parotidectomy removes the diseased gland but begs the question of specific treatment. [emedicine.medscape.com]

Once diagnosed as WG, appropriate therapy is able to prevent progression to severe clinical courses. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Antibiotic treatment prevents additional damage to the glandular parenchyma. [jisppd.com]

Prevention Practice good oral hygiene to prevent acute parotitis. [winchesterhospital.org]

The spectrum varies from mild and infrequent attacks to episodes so frequent that they prevent regular school attendance. [en.wikipedia.org]