A case is presented of a 14-year-old female undergoing orthodontic fixed appliance treatment who presented with right facial swelling in the parotid region. An initial diagnosis of acute infective parotitis was made by her primary care clinician. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Pneumonia

  In the bacteriological examination of purulent secretion from the parotid gland Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Streptococcus pneumoniae in two cases were found. In one case of Streptococcus pneumoniae aetiology a sepsis was stated. [czytelniamedyczna.pl]

  At autopsy, he was found to have a severe left-sided parotitis, severe pulmonary congestion, edema, and pneumonia, as well as bilateral lower limb hemorrhagic lesions. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Serologically verified human bocavirus pneumonia in children. Pediatr Pulmonol, 45 (2010), pp. 120-126 [9] K. Kantola, L. Hedman, T. Allander, T. Jartti, P. Lehtinen, O. Ruuskanen, et al. Serodiagnosis of human bocavirus infection. [elsevier.es]

  Klebsiella pneumonia Pseudomonas aeruginosa Pseudomonas pseudomallei Children in Southeast Asia Eikenella corrodens Peptostreptococcus sp. [antimicrobe.org]

  Less commonly associated strains include other Gram-positive cocci (such as Streptococcus viridans, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Streptococcus pyogenes), Gram-negative bacilli (such as Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, and Moraxella catarrhalis [cancertherapyadvisor.com]

• Poor Oral Hygiene

  An 82-year-old female patient was admitted because of paralytic ileus, dehydration, and poor oral hygiene, and was in distress. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  It is limited almost entirely to elderly, dehydrated, debilitated, and malnourished patients with poor oral hygiene. It appears in the second post-operative week and is associated with prolonged nasogastric intubation. [gpnotebook.com]

  It has long been known that patients developing parotitis1 were usually seriously ill, in poor general condition, dehydrated, undernourished, and with poor oral hygiene. [jamanetwork.com]

  An overview of Parotitis Parotitis is a condition involving an inflammation of the parotid glands, often caused by an infection, blockage, autoimmune disease, poor oral hygiene, a tumor, or radiation cancer treatment of the head and neck. [parotidsurgerymd.com]

• Bruxism

  Two adult patients with bilateral parotid involvement presented with bilateral masseteric hypertrophy and dental wear facets consistent with bruxism. Salivary endoscopy revealed bilateral kinking of Stensen's duct with jaw closure. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Bruxism (teeth grinding or clenching). Dental malocclusion (when your bite is “off”). Alcohol use disorder. Smoking or tobacco use. What virus causes parotitis? Many different viruses can cause parotid gland swelling. [my.clevelandclinic.org]

  […] marrow defect Paget's disease of bone Periapical abscess Phoenix abscess Periapical periodontitis Stafne defect Torus mandibularis Temporomandibular joints, muscles of mastication and malocclusions – Jaw joints, chewing muscles and bite abnormalities Bruxism [en.wikipedia.org]

• Cheilitis

  External links [ edit ] eMedicine v t e Oral and maxillofacial pathology ( K00–K06, K11–K14, 520–525, 527–529 ) Lips Cheilitis Actinic Angular Plasma cell Cleft lip Congenital lip pit Eclabium Herpes labialis Macrocheilia Microcheilia Nasolabial cyst [en.wikipedia.org]

• Macrostomia

  Sialectasis Sialocele Sialodochitis Sialosis Sialolithiasis Sjögren's syndrome Orofacial soft tissues – Soft tissues around the mouth Actinomycosis Angioedema Basal cell carcinoma Cutaneous sinus of dental origin Cystic hygroma Gnathophyma Ludwig's angina Macrostomia [en.wikipedia.org]

• Fracture

  […] eruption Neonatal teeth Pulp calcification Pulp stone Pulp canal obliteration Pulp necrosis Pulp polyp Pulpitis Regional odontodysplasia Resorption Shovel-shaped incisors Supernumerary root Taurodontism Trauma Avulsion Cracked tooth syndrome Vertical root fracture [en.wikipedia.org]

Workup showed bilateral suppurative parotitis. Abscess developed despite antibiotic therapy requiring surgical drainage before final recovery. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

We also propose a protocol for the diagnostic workup of JRP based on our findings and a review of the current literature. [analesdepediatria.org]

Laboratory tests and autoimmune workup were completed in 7 patients. [jamanetwork.com]

Sialography was commonly used in the workup of parotid disease in the past, and this group demonstrates punctate sialectasis, which implies point like dilatations within the gland. Six-year-old girl with recurrent parotitis of childhood. [emedicine.medscape.com]

• Polyps

  The features of these 21 cases found endoscopically were of 4 types: sialolith (n = 4; 19.0%), duct polyps (n = 5; 23.8%), stenosis (n = 3; 14.3%), and mucus plug (n = 9; 42.9%). [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Wisdom tooth impaction Macrodontia Meth mouth Microdontia Odontogenic tumors Keratocystic odontogenic tumour Odontoma Dens in dente Open contact Premature eruption Neonatal teeth Pulp calcification Pulp stone Pulp canal obliteration Pulp necrosis Pulp polyp [en.wikipedia.org]

Although symptomatic treatment with antibiotics and analgesic, injection of intraductal medicament, aggressive treatment like duct ligation or excision of gland are some of the treatment modalities, there is no established algorithm as to which treatment [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

In addition to the conservative follow-up treatment modality, management with operative endoscopic treatment is another considerable option, that is now gaining stronger evidence of efficacy. [clinicaltrials.gov]

Acute parotitis in neonates This rare form of parotitis is lethal without treatment. [emedicine.medscape.com]

Advances in antimicrobial therapy have improved both outcome and prognosis. Thanks to the prompt antibiotic treatment complications are now drastically reduced. Ultrasound examination may help in the diagnosis and monitoring of clinical course. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

The prognosis is favorable with rare recurrence. The authors describe a case of an 8-day-old, full-term boy diagnosed with acute parotitis. [ejo.eg.net]

The prognosis in uncomplicated cases is very good. [amboss.com]

Prognosis In the long term, most cases of parotitis go away and don't return. Parotitis that is linked to another medical condition (such as HIV/AIDS or Sjögren's syndrome) may not go away completely. [colgate.com]

Computational fluid dynamics analysis of salivary flow in the ductal system would be useful in future etiologic studies on parotitis. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

We also tried to rule out infectious etiology by doing blood counts and autoimmune etiology by ESR, RA factor and ANA. The results were non-contributory. [jiaps.com]

The theories of etiology are diverse. Many authors are convinced that sialoliths or scarring of the ducts cause stasis of salivary flow and predispose the gland to infection is the etiology, but this is probably true for only a minority of cases. [emedicine.medscape.com]

AIM: To characterize the features of juvenile parotitis in a prospective setup and epidemiology. METHODS: All children with parotitis admitted to Helsinki University Central Hospital 2005-2010 were recruited. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

In the context of a mumps outbreak If the patient has acute parotitis and is suspected of having mumps infection because s/he is epidemiologically linked to an ongoing outbreak, testing for mumps infection is a priority as the parotitis is most likely [cdc.gov]

References: [3] [5] Pathophysiology Clinical features Incubation period : 16–18 days Asymptomatic course in ∼ 20% of cases Nonspecific or predominantly respiratory symptoms in ∼ 50% of cases Prodrome : Duration: 3–4 days Low-grade fever, malaise, headache [amboss.com]

Etiology and Pathophysiology Acute viral parotitis begins as a systemic infection that localizes to the parotid gland, resulting in inflammation and swelling of the gland. [unboundmedicine.com]

This might suggest a pathophysiological reason as to why the presence of an APG correlates to the pathogenesis of parotitis. Abnormal morphology of the salivary duct can interfere with the flow of saliva. [journals.plos.org]

Because the pathophysiology is poorly understood, the rationale of several surgical treatments is rather weak. Parotidectomy removes the diseased gland but begs the question of specific treatment. [emedicine.medscape.com]

Once diagnosed as WG, appropriate therapy is able to prevent progression to severe clinical courses. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Antibiotic treatment prevents additional damage to the glandular parenchyma. [jisppd.com]

The spectrum varies from mild and infrequent attacks to episodes so frequent that they prevent regular school attendance. [en.wikipedia.org]