Fish, D.R., Smith, S.J.M., Scott, C.A., Shorvon, S.D. and Marsden, C.D. ( 1992 ) Is nocturnal dystonia a form of frontal lobe epilepsy ? Mov Disord 7: 38 - 42. Google Scholar Crossref Medline ISI Mink, J.W. ( 2007 ) The paroxysmal dyskinesias. [doi.org]

Fish and Marsden (1994) have reviewed epilepsy masquerading as a movement disorder, and they concluded that most cases of hypnogenic dyskinesias are considered to be due to epilepsy, as did Lüders (1996), with cyclic alternating EEG pattern believed to [clinicalgate.com]

Additional symptoms that have been reported include panic attacks, anxiety, depression and obsessive-compulsive disorder. Onset is usually during childhood or adolescence. Most cases of myoclonus-dystonia are caused by mutations in the SGCE gene. [rarediseases.org]

Often the aura is described as a tingling sensation in the affected body part. People familiar with paroxysmal dyskinesia quinesigénica not lose consciousness during an episode and no symptoms between episodes. [ivami.com]

The aura is often described as a crawling or tingling sensation in the affected body part. Individuals with this condition do not lose consciousness during an episode and do not experience any symptoms between episodes. [ghr.nlm.nih.gov]

These sensations manifest in several forms, usually described as a tingling in the target limb.A single limb is the most frequently affected area; however it is possible for an attack to affect more than one limb. [en.wikipedia.org]

Many patients experience aura-like symptoms manifested as tingling or parasthesia in the affected limb [ 4, 5, 8, 9 ]. The diagnosis of PKD is essentially clinical and is based on a good observation of the attacks. [e-jmd.org]

Aura symptoms comprise paresthesias, numbness, tingling sensations, or a feeling of muscular tension in the limb that immediately afterward would display the dyskinesia. Some patients learn to prevent the episode by slowing down their movement. [neupsykey.com]

There is no alteration in consciousness. [orpha.net]

Confusion with reflex forms of epilepsy has been common in the past, but in general, paroxysmal dyskinesias are not associated with alterations in consciousness or epileptiform activity on electroencephalogram. [link.springer.com]

Speech can sometimes be affected, with inability to speak due to dystonia, but there is never any alteration of consciousness. The attacks can sometimes be aborted if the patient stops moving or warms up slowly. [clinicalgate.com]

We hypothesize that both hormonal and ischemic factors may be implicated in the pathogenesis of these abnormal involuntary movements. These cases suggest that MMD should be included in the differential diagnosis of PKD and PNKD. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

[…] paroxysmal dyskinesia Paroxysmal dyskinesias are neurologic conditions characterized by sudden episodes of abnormal involuntary movements (hyperkinesias). [neugenes.org]

Variant of PED with spasticity (spastic paraplegia) has been mapped to chromosome 1p in the vicinity of a potassium channel gene. How do these pathogens/genes/exposures cause the disease? The function of MR-1 is not understood. [clinicaladvisor.com]

paraplegia #601042 PKD/PED, onset in childhood AD SLC2A1 1p34.2 DYT9, part of GLUT1-DS Spastic paraplegia Cognitive impairment Alternating hemiplegia of childhood (AHC) #614820 Onset before age 18 mo AD ATP1A3 19q13.2 Phenotypic spectrum with RDP (DYT12 [neupsykey.com]

It consists of a slow (2.4 Hz) tremor of the head, usually horizontal, and often an associated pendular nystagmus ( Antony et al., 1980 ). [clinicalgate.com]