Several predictors of the delayed AIS diagnosis were identified in the present study. Efforts to target these predictors can reduce diagnostic delays and optimize the management of AIS in children. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Hemi-anopsia was the presenting symptom in 4 (57%) of the 7 patients with occipital stroke. Table 2. [ahajournals.org]

No identifiable RFs was present in 54 (9%). [onlinelibrary.wiley.com]

• Varicella-Zoster Virus Infection

  virus infection with approximately 14% of children with a a prothrombotic condition and 86% previously healthy. focal cerebral anteriopathy Idiopathic arterial stenosis occurring in the brain providing an inciting region for occlusion. congenital arterial [hawaii.edu]

  Clinical and radiological features of childhood cerebral infarction following varicella zoster virus infection. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2007 ; 49 : 417–422. Crossref Medline Google Scholar 29 Sebire G, Meyer L, Chabrier S. [ahajournals.org]

  The results of this case-control study show a significant statistical link between idiopathic arterial ischemic strokes in children and varicella-zoster virus infection. [researchgate.net]

• Plethora

  The uncommon incidence, age-associated difference and plethora of clinical symptoms make the diagnosis of such strokes extremely difficult and often delayed. The history and clinical examination should point to diseases or predisposing factors. [biomed.papers.upol.cz]

• Death in Childhood

  Introduction Stroke is among the top 10 causes of death in childhood. 1 Population-based estimates of the annual incidence of childhood stroke range from 4.6 to 13 per 100 000 children. 2 – 4 Traditional adult arterial ischemic stroke (AIS) risk factors [ahajournals.org]

• Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome

  organ dysfunction syndrome, and much more. [books.google.com]

• Claustrophobia

  Exclusion criteria for both patients and peers were: ferrous implants, behavioral problems or claustrophobia (making MRI impossible). Patients with bilateral lesions were also excluded. [journals.plos.org]

• Grunting

  61 Slavova N...Grunt S 30722076 2019 6 Hemorrhagic Transformation of Arterial Ischemic and Venous Stroke in Children. 61 Hutchinson ML...Beslow LA 30904397 2019 7 Mechanical thrombectomy using a Solitaire stent retriever in the treatment of pediatric [malacards.org]

  Grunt S, Mazenauer L, Buerki SE, Boltshauser E, Mori AC, Datta AN, et al. Incidence and Outcomes of Symptomatic Neonatal Arterial Ischemic Stroke. Pediatrics [Internet]. 2015;135(5):e1220–8. [journals.plos.org]

  Grunt S, Wingeier K, Wehrli E, Boltshauser E, Capone A, Fluss J et al. Cerebral sinus venous thrombosis in Swiss children. Dev Med Child Neurol 2010; 52; 12: 1145–50. Guideline development group, Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health (2017). [signavitae.com]

  One neuroradiologist (Dr Slavova) and 3 neuropediatricians (Drs Bigi, Steinlin, and Grunt), blinded to the clinical information, reviewed the imaging studies to identify the area of ischemia and the affected vessels. [ahajournals.org]

  (Prospective cohort study; 355 children) Grunt S, Mazenauer L, Buerki SE, et al. Incidence and outcomes of symptomatic neonatal arterial ischemic stroke. Pediatrics. 2015;135(5):e1220-e1228. [ebmedicine.net]

• Recurrent Headache

  Ten of 84 (12%) children had recurrent seizures, and 17 of 84 (20%) reported recurrent headaches. Interpretation AIS carries a significant risk of mortality and long‐term neurological deficit. [onlinelibrary.wiley.com]

Volpe warned that as soon as the case seems to be progressing, involves pain, or is associated with atypical disc findings, a more detailed workup is indicated, including an MRI scan and blood workup for systemic inflammation and multiple sclerosis. [aao.org]

After transfer to a children’s hospital and an exhaustive workup, the etiology of his stroke remained unclear. At four-month outpatient follow-up, the patient had only minimal left arm weakness. [westjem.com]

MR imaging is not routinely performed as part of the workup of patients with these neoplasms because of their typical clinical appearance and superficial location. [ajronline.org]

[…] amputation or explanation needed Limb Ataxia 0-2: absent to present in 2 limbs Sensory 0-2: normal to severe/total sensory loss Best Language 0-3: no aphasia to mute/global aphasia Labs and Imaging Imaging is of critical importance in the diagnostic workup [hawaii.edu]

Cardiac workup of ischemic stroke: can we improve our diagnostic yield?Stroke. 2009; 40:2893–2898. doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.109.551226LinkGoogle Scholar 28. [ahajournals.org]

• Ischemic Changes

  changes in pediatric PCAIS based on the knowledge of vascular territories of the posterior circulation,6,23,30 in combination with symptoms at presentation. [ahajournals.org]

  Therefore, it is important to study cerebral, post-ischemic changes in detail. [journals.plos.org]

  Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis occurs more often in the superficial venous system than within the deep veins. 1 On a cellular level, ischemic changes precipitate a series of events that result in tissue necrosis. [now.aapmr.org]

In their cohort, at most, four children per year underwent recanalization treatment. [reliasmedia.com]

Medical records were reviewed for timing, semiology, and treatment of acute symptomatic seizures, remote symptomatic seizures (RSS), and epilepsy. Cumulative incidence of RSS and epilepsy were assessed using survival analysis. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

61 Slavova N...Grunt S 30722076 2019 6 Hemorrhagic Transformation of Arterial Ischemic and Venous Stroke in Children. 61 Hutchinson ML...Beslow LA 30904397 2019 7 Mechanical thrombectomy using a Solitaire stent retriever in the treatment of pediatric [malacards.org]

(minutes) Acute management of stroke: [ Time Frame: 1 day ] Median door-to-needle delay (minutes) Secondary Outcome Measures : Treatment-emergent adverse events: [ Time Frame: 7 days ] Intracranial hemorrhage (yes/no) Treatment-emergent adverse events [clinicaltrials.gov]

Definitive evidence-based treatment for pediatric stroke awaits the development of randomized controlled trials. [journals.lww.com]

Prognosis The prognosis is excellent for low grade lesions but a poorer prognosis is associated with the FS variant due to a higher risk of recurrence and metastases. Overall, the rate of mortality is low ( 3% at 10 years). [orpha.net]

De Schryver EL, Kappelle LJ, Jennekens-Schinkel A, Peters AC: Prognosis of ischemic stroke in childhood: a long-term follow-up study. Dev Med Child Neurol 2000;42:313–318. [karger.com]

MRI T1: low signal T2 high signal usually higher than or equal to adjacent subcutaneous fat fat saturation sequences: suppressed T1 C (Gd): enhances Treatment and prognosis Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans has an excellent prognosis after complete resection [radiopaedia.org]

Natural history, prognosis and lipid abnormalities of idiopathic ischemic childhood stroke. J Child Neurol. 1996; 11:276-282 Hemorrhagic stroke have higher mortality rates as compared to ischemic stroke. [slideshare.net]

The general prognosis for DFSP is excellent. [sarcomahelp.org]

For all 42 cases, the most frequent etiologies were infections (38.1%, n 16), iron deficiency anemia (16.7%, n 7), and moyamoya syndrome (11.9%, n 5). [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

This review examines the epidemiology and etiologies of neonatal and childhood AIS and provides a detailed discussion of approaches to the clinical… CONTINUE READING [pdfs.semanticscholar.org]

The American Heart Association guidelines on infant and pediatric stroke give recommendations based on etiology. Treatment options include intravenous thrombolysis (IVT), intra-arterial thrombolysis (IAT), and mechanical thrombectomy. [reliasmedia.com]

Pediatric arterial ischemic stroke: Epidemiology, risk factors, and management. Blood Cells, Molecules, and Diseases. [jhu.pure.elsevier.com]

This review examines the epidemiology and etiologies of neonatal and childhood AIS and provides a detailed discussion of approaches to the clinical characterization, diagnostic evaluation, and management. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

This review examines the epidemiology and etiologies of neonatal and childhood AIS and provides a detailed discussion of approaches to the clinical… CONTINUE READING [pdfs.semanticscholar.org]

It is unclear if inflammation is an aspect of the pathophysiology of stroke, or a consequence of tissue injury. [ 1 ] COMMENTARY. [pediatricneurologybriefs.com]

After an opening section on basics such as pathophysiology, radiological assessment, and pathology, comprehensive and up-to-date information is provided on each of the available therapies, techniques, and practices. [books.google.com]

This article reviews the unique pathophysiologic entities affecting the pediatric population and the associated MRI findings. [researchgate.net]

"Hypoxic-ischemic brain injury: pathophysiology, neuropathology and mechanisms." NeuroRehabilitation 26 (1): 5-13. Calvert, J. W. and J. H. Zhang (2005). "Pathophysiology of an hypoxic-ischemic insult during the perinatal period." [internationalbrain.org]

Additional complicating factors include typically increased delays and increased challenge to appropriate diagnosis in children relative to adults, and underlying differences in the pathophysiology of AIS, the thrombotic cascade, and the natural history [content.iospress.com]

“With the consequences of childhood stroke so often devastating and lifelong, it is critical to find out as much as we can about it and develop strategies to prevent it, recognize it when it occurs and prevent further recurrence,” says Dr. Friedman. [consultqd.clevelandclinic.org]

The results of the current study could be used for planning more preventive strategies in patients suffering from the mentioned diseases. [ijpvmjournal.net]

Hospital for Sick Children Health A-Z Search a complete list of child health articles expand_more View All Drug A-Z Search a list of articles about medications expand_more View All Learning Hubs Browse a complete list of content groups Healthy Living & Prevention [aboutkidshealth.ca]

Arterial ischemic stroke in children represents a significant disorder with a concerning high rate of adverse outcomes, including potentially preventable recurrent stroke. [journals.lww.com]

Our findings show that in PAIS, SWI provides valuable, time-sensitive, noninvasive information about salvageable brain tissue and may guide early treatment options to prevent infarct progression. [ajnrdigest.org]