The IUD had been present for 2 years. The patient presented with an incomplete abortion at 6 weeks' gestation, and the IUD was removed. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Fever

  fever Roseola or human herpesvirus 6 Rotavirus infection Rubella Salmonellosis Sandfly fever Sarcocystosis Scabies Scarlet fever Schistosomiasis haematobium Schistosomiasis mansoni Septic arthritis Septicemia bacterial Shigellosis Sinusitis Smallpox [books.google.de]

  The aggressive actinomycosis correlated with fever, higher neutrophil percentage and a higher white blood cell count to hemoglobin ratio compared to those with mild pelvic actinomycosis. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Weight Loss

  She was admitted to the hospital because of general malaise, weight loss and bilateral palpable adnexal masses. Sonography showed bilateral adnexal masses which contained many echolucent spots. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  The most common presented symptoms in infected women are abdominal pain, abnormal vaginal discharge, fever, and weight loss. [popline.org]

• Chronic Infection

  Pelvic actinomycosis is a rare chronic infection caused by bacteria of the family Actinomycetaceae. Prolonged use of an intrauterine contraceptive device (IUD) is a well known risk factor. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Last updated Dec. 16, 2018 Actinomycosis is a rare and chronic infection, caused predominantly by the bacterium Actinomyces israelii and to a lesser extent by other Actinomyces species. [dovemed.com]

  Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University; Affiliate Associate Professor of Medicine, University of Miami-Miller School of Medicine Actinomycosis is a chronic infection caused mainly by Actinomyces israelii, anaerobic bacteria that normally [msdmanuals.com]

  Introduction Pelvic Actinomycosis is a rare, chronic infection that clinically can be difficult to differentiate from true gynaecological malignancy. [austinpublishinggroup.com]

• Chills

  Spiking fever and chills, intestinal colic, vomiting, and weight loss, a palpable (can be felt) mass and an external sinus are evident in this type of actinomycosis. [healthcentral.com]

  […] predisposing factors include a previous history of surgery, GI tract perforation, GI or genitourinary foreign body (particularly intrauterine devices in women), and neoplasia. 2 Most patients have nonspecific constitutional symptoms, including chronic fevers, chills [appliedradiology.com]

• Malaise

  She was admitted to the hospital because of general malaise, weight loss and bilateral palpable adnexal masses. Sonography showed bilateral adnexal masses which contained many echolucent spots. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Symptoms may include pelvic pain, leukorrhea, menorrhagia, and amenorrhea, associated with fever, malaise, weakness, and weight loss, in any combination. [antimicrobe.org]

• Abdominal Pain

  We report the case of a 40-year-old female who presented with decreased urine production, poor appetite, marked loss of body weight and intermittent lower abdominal pain for 3 months. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Pelvic Mass

  A case of actinomycosis involving the pelvic cavity is reported. The patient had a pelvic mass clinically and radiographically. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  If a patient with an IUCD presents with symptoms of pelvic pain and a pelvic mass not resolving with antibiotics, pelvic actinomycosis should be considered. [omicsonline.org]

• Abdominal Tenderness

  Physical examination demonstrated a large abdominal mass protruding through the anterior abdominal wall between the umbilicus and symphysis pubis. She was afebrile and had mild generalised abdominal tenderness but no rigidity or guarding. [gynoncrp.biomedcentral.com]

• Dental Abscess

  Oral cervicofacial actinomycosis Opportunities for oral cervicofacial actinomycosis include: tooth decay particularly if the decay is left untreated for many years gum disease dental abscess tonsillitis inner ear infection dental surgery, such as a tooth [hse.ie]

  Oral cervicofacial actinomycosis Opportunities for oral cervicofacial actinomycosis include: tooth decay, particularly if the decay is left untreated for years gum disease dental abscess tonsillitis middle ear infection (otitis media) dental surgery, [knowyourdoctor.com.cy]

• Ulcer

  When the stomach is involved, actinomycosis may present ( a ) as an infiltrating tumor, ( b ) as an ulcer or ulcers which may resemble a diverticulum or may penetrate the full thickness of the stomach, or ( c ) as thickening of the gastric wall without [isradiology.org]

  […] infection Strongyloidiasis Subdural empyema Suppurative parotitis Syphilis Taeniasis Tetanus Thelaziasis Thogoto Toxic shock syndrome Toxocariasis Toxoplasmosis Trachoma Trichinosis Trichomoniasis Trichostrongyliasis Trichuriasis Tropical phagedenic ulcer [books.google.de]

  Abdominal actinomycosis are mostly preceded by surgery such as laparotomy for acute appendicitis, perforated ulcer, or gallbladder inflammation. Infection usually begins in the gastrointestinal tract and spreads to the abdominal wall. [healthcentral.com]

  A - Acute salpingitis with ulceration and pus filling the lumen (H&E, 100X). [revistas.usp.br]

  A. neuii has also been recovered from immunosuppressed patients with a variety of infections including abscesses, diabetic foot ulcers, cellulitis, and bacteremia ( 25 ). [antimicrobe.org]

• Subcutaneous Nodule

  Pulmonary actinomycosis may disseminate hematogenously, and multiple subcutaneous nodules or neurologic symptoms resulting from a brain abscess may be the presenting manifestation of the disease. [antimicrobe.org]

• Vaginal Discharge

  Presenting signs and symptoms were lower abdominal mass in 28 (85%); lower abdominal pain in 21 (63%); vaginal discharge or hematuria in 7 (22%). Two patients developed fistulae (entero-vesico 1; vesico-cutaneous 1). [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  She was brought to the emergency facility with 20 days of abdominal pain, but no other complaint was recorded, such as vaginal discharge or fever. [revistas.usp.br]

  The most common presented symptoms in infected women are abdominal pain, abnormal vaginal discharge, fever, and weight loss. [popline.org]

  The exact mechanism of infection of testes or bladder is presently unclear The symptoms of Pelvic Actinomycosis may include genital mass or abscess, lower abdominal or pelvic pain, constipation, and vaginal discharge (in women) Examination of the fluid [dovemed.com]

  Common symptoms of this infection include lower abdominal discomfort, abnormal vaginal bleeding, and vaginal discharge. [dermnetnz.org]

• Pelvic Pain

  A case of pelvic actinomycosis is presented. The patient is 42-year-old female with a 5 weeks history of pelvic pain. An intrauterine device (IUD) was taken out 3 weeks ago. There is a lump length 9 cm between rectus muscles. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Complications of pelvic actinomycosis include tubal damage resulting in tubal occlusion and infertility, ectopic pregnancy, and chronic pelvic pain. [popline.org]

  The patient is 42-year-old female with a 5 weeks history of pelvic pain. An intrauterine device (IUD) was taken out 3 weeks ago. There is a lump length 9 cm between rectus muscles. [pmr.lf1.cuni.cz]

  If a patient with an IUCD presents with symptoms of pelvic pain and a pelvic mass not resolving with antibiotics, pelvic actinomycosis should be considered. [omicsonline.org]

  The exact mechanism of infection of testes or bladder is presently unclear The symptoms of Pelvic Actinomycosis may include genital mass or abscess, lower abdominal or pelvic pain, constipation, and vaginal discharge (in women) Examination of the fluid [dovemed.com]

• Gram-Positive Rods

  The cells were strictly anaerobic, straight, non-sporulating, Gram-positive rods. It grows on sheep blood agar as non-haemolytic, pinpoint colonies after 24 hours of incubation at 37 degrees C in anaerobic environment. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Actinomyces can be easily gram stained. Their characteristic appearance as thin, filamentous gram-positive rods can be an excellent clue in the right clinical setting. [infectiousdiseaseadvisor.com]

  SEVERAL SPECIES CAN CAUSE ACTINOMYCOSIS AND CAN BE POLYMICROBIAL INFECTION• Actinomyces is a gram positive, non-spore- forming anaerobic or microaerophilic bacterial rod. [slideshare.net]

• Eikenella

  The most commom co-isolates depend on the infection site and are Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Eikenella corrodens, Bacteroides, Fusobacterium, Capnocytophaga, Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, and Enterobacteriaceae. [anaerobicinfections.blogspot.com]

  […] anaerobic cultures chiefly yield Actinobacillus ( Haemophilus ) actinomycetemcomitans (25% of cases), so-called microaerophilic streptococci (mainly S. milleri ), Fusobacterium spp., Bacteroides, Prevotella and Porphyromonas spp., Leptotrichia buccalis, Eikenella [antimicrobe.org]

As for antibiotic treatment, it is believed that shorter and high dose antibiotics therapy will be sufficient treatment. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

[…] post-contrast enhancement Associated findings indurated pelvic fat pelvic free fluid pelvic abscess hydronephrosis wider intra-abdominal extension: mainly through contiguous spread formation of tubo-ovarian abscess 2 subsequent infertility Treatment and prognosis [radiopaedia.org]

What is the Prognosis of Pelvic Actinomycosis? (Outcomes/Resolutions) The prognosis of Pelvic Actinomycosis is good with early diagnosis and prompt treatment in individuals with good overall health status. [dovemed.com]

Prognosis When actinomycosis is diagnosed early and treated with appropriate antibiotic therapy, the prognosis is excellent. [emedicine.medscape.com]

Prognosis relates directly to early diagnosis and is most favorable in the cervicofacial form and progressively worse in the thoracic, abdominal, and generalized forms, especially if the CNS is involved. [merckmanuals.com]

We report the first instance of A. naeslundii as an etiological agent of pelvic actinomycosis in a user of an intrauterine device, an infection so far exclusively attributed to Actinomyces israelii. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Actinomycosis: etiology, clinical features, diagnosis, treatment, and management. Infect Drug Resist. 2014;7:183-97. PMid:25045274. 15. Bonnefond S, Catroux M, Melenotte C, et al. [autopsyandcasereports.org]

Actinomyces israelii is the most common etiologic agent; however, at least five other species are implicated in human disease Using comparative 16s ribosomal RNA, some bacteria traditionally associated with actinomycotic disease have been reclassified [pathologyoutlines.com]

There is little characteristic epidemiology for actinomycosis in general. Pelvic disease is much more likely when an intrauterine device (IUD) is in place. [infectiousdiseaseadvisor.com]

[…] actinomycosis, but some sources do not discriminate between actinomycosis of abdomen and pelvis Other common sites are oral cervicofacial actinomycosis ("lumpy jaw", see secondary chronic osteomyelitis ), skin, thoracic and pelvic ( cervix, kidney, ovary ) Epidemiology [pathologyoutlines.com]

Epidemiology [ 1 ] Actinomycosis is rare. [patient.info]

Epidemiology Frequency United States Actinomycosis is rare. During the 1970s, the reported annual incidence of actinomycosis in the Cleveland area was 1 case per 300,000 persons. [emedicine.medscape.com]

Epidemiologic, etiologic, diagnostic, and therapeutic aspects of endogenous actinomycetes infections. In: Ortiz-Ortiz L, Bojalil LF, Yakoleff V, eds. Biological, biochemical, and biomedical aspects of actinomycetes. [antimicrobe.org]

[…] abdominal actinomycosis comprises 15 - 20% of actinomycosis in humans Males are more commonly affected Sites Most common site is cecum, most often with concurrent ileal disease Some cases are secondary to disease in appendix or female genital tract Pathophysiology [pathologyoutlines.com]

PATHOPHYSIOLOGY• In general, Actinomyces species, being members of the normal flora, are agents of low pathogenicity and require disruption of the mucosal barrier to cause disease. [slideshare.net]

Pathophysiology Actinomycetes are prominent among the normal flora of the oral cavity but less prominent in the lower gastrointestinal tract and female genital tract. [emedicine.medscape.com]

The association of long-term antibiotic treatment is essential to eradicate the infection and prevent relapses. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Key words: Actinomycosis, acute myeloid leukemia, dysplastic granulocytes, myelodysplastic syndrome Advertisement American Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health SUBMIT YOUR ARTICLE NOW [scopemed.org]

Pelvic Actinomycosis can be prevented through the following practices: Avoiding intra-uterine devices (when possible); adopting alternative contraceptive practices Not using IUDs beyond the duration recommended by the manufacturer Educating oneself or [dovemed.com]