Glandular and pseudoglandular tumors of the penile skin are extremely uncommon and can present diagnostic challenges. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Swelling

  Swelling Swelling at the end of the penis, especially when the foreskin is constricted, is another possible sign of penile cancer. It may be harder to draw back the foreskin. [cancer.org]

  A doctor will examine the skin of the penis carefully and may also feel the lymph nodes to check for swelling. [medicalnewstoday.com]

  […] the shaft or tip of the penis Irregular or growing bluish-brown flat lesions or marks beneath the foreskin or on the penis Reddish, velvety rash beneath the foreskin Small, crusty bumps beneath the foreskin Swollen lymph nodes in the groin Irregular swelling [cancer.net]

  Penis cancer spreads to the lymph nodes in the groin, leading to swelling and/or pain. Diagnosis A lesion suspicious for penile cancer requires a biopsy. This is a procedure where either a portion or entire lesion is removed for pathologic analysis. [washington.edu]

  Early symptoms may include: Sore, bump, rash, or swelling at the tip or on the shaft of the penis Foul-smelling discharge beneath the foreskin As the cancer advances, symptoms may include: Pain and bleeding from the penis (may occur with advanced disease [medlineplus.gov]

• Fishing

  The FISH status was not associated with protein expression. Altered FISH (polysomy and gene amplification) was an independent risk factor for dying of cancer. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Nausea

  There are effective and readily available medications to address traditional side effects from cancer treatment (such as nausea, diarrhea, constipation and mouth sores.) [cancersupportcommunity.org]

  The side effects of chemotherapy depend on the individual and the dose used, but they can include fatigue, risk of infection, nausea and vomiting, mouth sores, hair loss, loss of appetite, and diarrhea. [cancer.net]

  It is also better for your health since taking medication such as Viagra can cause diarrhoea and nausea. Conclusion If you suffering from erectile dysfunction (ED), it is important not to beat yourself up as it is not the end of the world. [andrologiapertutti.com]

• Abdominal Pain

  […] in drawing back the foreskin (phimosis) A rash on the penis A change in the color of the penis or foreskin Symptoms of advanced penile cancer include: A lump (swollen lymph node) in the groin Feeling tired Abdominal pain Pain in the bones Weight loss [nypost.com]

• Eczema

   The appearance can be confused with bowenoid papulosis, nummular eczema, psoriasis, and superficial basal cell carcinoma. 13.  Invasive carcinoma may occur in about 5% to 33% of cases.  Metastasis is extremely rare. [slideshare.net]

• Penile Lesion

  Figure 1 Preoperative anterior view of the fungating penile lesion. Figure 2 Preoperative anterosuperior view of the fungating penile lesion. Figure 3 Anterosuperior view of the resected penile lesion. [casereports.bmj.com]

  METHODS: This was a retrospective histologic analysis of 68 cases of penile SCC. Adjacent lesions were considered to be premalignant lesions. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Diagnosis A lesion suspicious for penile cancer requires a biopsy. This is a procedure where either a portion or entire lesion is removed for pathologic analysis. [washington.edu]

  Cutaneous penile horn: conical and exophytic lesion associated with areas of chronic inflammation. Presentation Around half of presenting patients have had the lesion for six months or more. [patient.info]

• Incomplete Bladder Emptying

  There were associated low grade penile pain, dysuria, spraying of urine on micturition, daytime urinary frequency, nocturia of three, the sensation of incomplete bladder emptying and contact bleeding at the distal penis. [casereports.bmj.com]

Imaging Metastatic workup should include CXR, bone scan, and CT scan of the abdomen and pelvis. Disseminated disease is present in less than 10% of patients at presentation. [health.am]

Carbon dioxide and neodymium:YAG lasers are two modalities that are successful in the treatment of in situ and probably early invasive penile carcinoma. Optimal treatment includes coordination with a urologist if urethral disease is present. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

The patient underwent several chemoradiotherapy treatments but soon declined futher treatment. Figure 2. Computed tomographic (CT) scan of the abdomen of a 63-year-old man. [jaoa.org]

Several different histological subtypes of penile carcinoma had been described in the last decades, many with different biological behavior and prognosis. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Prognosis of Cancer of the Penis (Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Penis) Prognosis depends largely on the level of metastases and invasion. The 5 year survival rate for local invasion in 66% but decreases to 27% with lymph node involvement. [myvmc.com]

BACKGROUND: In contrast to vulvar squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), the etiologic factors and precancerous lesions associated with penile carcinoma remain uncertain. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Etiology Chronic inflammation of the penis Risk factors Phimosis, particularly if left untreated Tobacco use Infections Human papillomavirus ( HPV ) infection, especially type H PV -16 and HPV -18 HIV Precancerous skin lesions (see “Differential diagnoses [amboss.com]

There are two types of PeIN with different etiology. One is associated with HPV and is now called undifferentiated PeIn formerly called moderate/severe dysplasia and carcinoma in situ. [oncolex.org]

Further research is needed to better understand the epidemiology of penile cancer including the role of HPV. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Epidemiology Rare type of malignancy in industrialized countries More common in developing countries in Africa, South America, and Asia Peak incidence : 60 years of age References: [1] Epidemiological data refers to the US, unless otherwise specified. [amboss.com]

Pathophysiology Penile cancers usually begin as small lesions on the glans or prepuce. They range from white-grey, irregular exophytic to reddish flat and ulcerated endophytic masses. [emedicine.medscape.com]

Because of coexistent groin infection and the inability to perform radical excision, the patient was treated with a lateral extra-anatomic iliac femoral prosthetic bypass; to prevent further bleeding, the femoral stump was embolized percutaneously. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Primary prevention, education, and vaccination are important to reduce the occurrence of HPV infection and associated cancers. [nejm.org]

"Penile cancer: Epidemiology, pathogenesis and prevention". World Journal of Urology. 27 (2): 141–150. doi : 10.1007/s00345-008-0302-z. [en.wikipedia.org]