The white thin fragile areas, sometimes surrounding the foreskin in a figure of eight pattern, have a crinkly surface; their fragility may lead to easy bruising and erosions. Later on, the foreskin opening can shrink, leading to pain on intercourse. [londoncircumcisioncentre.co.uk]

This can make urination even more difficult or painful BXO can result in urethral stricture that can further cause frequent or recurrent urinary tract infections Individuals may have severe stress and anxiety issues Any attempt by the individual to forcibly [dovemed.com]

Alternative presentations include urethral stricture disease, urethral fistulation, urethral diverticula, abscesses, recurrent urinary tract infections, dyspareunia, perineal pain and lymphadenopathy. [abdominalkey.com]

He is an Editor-in-Chief, Journal of Pediatric Diseases, PiscoMed Publishing Ltd, and co-editor for many international journals: Advances in Bioscience and Clinical Medicine, Annals of Pediatric Surgery, Medical Journal of Case report (Bio Med), Medicine [books.google.es]

We noted hemorrhagic bullae in one of our cases early in the course of the disease. Carcinoma may be an eventual development, as exemplified in cases described by Stühmer, Frühwald 20 and Grütz. 5 Fig. 1. [cirp.org]

The presence of dells and of follicular plugging is regarded as an important diagnostic aid. [cirp.org]

The disease was accompanied by intense itching and disagreeable paresthesias. Delbanco stated his belief that kraurosis was a disease sui generis differing from the condition in cases of leukoplakia described by Kraus and Fuchs. [cirp.org]

circinate plaques that are often associated with white or silvery scales; usually systemic Carcinoma in situ Infectious lesions Genital herpes Primary disease: constitutional symptoms followed by genital vesicles Recurrent disease: prodromal local paresthesias [aafp.org]

The management of benign penile lesions usually involves observation or topical corticosteroids; however, neoplastic lesions generally require surgery. [aafp.org]

Treatment of Penile lesion T1 G3, T 2 Partial / total amputation. Conservative strategy is an alternative in very carefully selected patients. 22. Treatment of Penile lesion Local recurrence Second conservative procedure. Partial / total amputation. [slideshare.net]

However, only 50% of these patients will have cancer in the lymph nodes as these lymph nodes are often "reactive" to inflammation or super-infection in the penile lesion. [bradyurology.blogspot.com]

Invasive tumours require staging of the primary penile lesion and inguinal and pelvic lymph nodes. Local staging can be performed using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). [patient.info]

Chronic renal insufficiency has been reported in association with BXO, but a causal relationship remains to be established. Treatment Options Potent topical corticosteroids are the mainstay of treatment. [dermatologyadvisor.com]

Later, the relative number of lymphocytes increases, and epitheloid and plasma cells may be present. In the subacute phases the lympocytic infiltrate becomes arranged about the vessels. [cirp.org]

"Possible Role of Borrelia burgdorferi Sensu Lato Infection in Lichen Sclerosus". Br J Dermatol. 144 (5): 591–598. doi : 10.1001/archderm.144.5.591. PMID 18490585. Pass, CJ (1984). [en.wikipedia.org]

Detection of Borrelia burgdorferi DNA ( B. garinii or B. afzelii ) in morphea and lichen sclerosus et atrophicus tissues of German and Japanese but not of US patients. Arch Dermatol 1997; 133 :41-4. [ Abstract ] Cantwell AR Jr. [cirp.org]

burgdorferi Candidal species - Smooth erythematous scaly papules with satellite pustules (Superadded inf) with peeling of skin /- Plaques of thrush / Maceration / Erosions Other causes (Psora/ Syphilis/ Sycosis) Candida albicans Human papilloma virus [homeopathyworldcommunity.ning.com]

The classic lesion of penile LS occurs relatively late and is characterized by hyperkeratosis of the epithelium, atrophy and loss of the rete pegs, degeneration of the basal cells, sclerosis of the sub epithelial collagen and lymphocytic infiltration [urologyannals.com]