A rationalisation of the 1350 boxes used throughout the book gives a simpler and clearer presentation of the various categories. [books.google.com]

Case Report: Herein we are reporting an unusual case of a man who had chest wall trauma in childhood and presented to our hospital at age of 35 years with ascites, easy fatigability and lightheadedness. [ecommons.aku.edu]

[…] ventricular aneurysm, left atrial calcification, or calcification outside the heart This can usually be accomplished by the locations of these calcifications on multiple views, or the radiographic appearance of the calcium Constrictive Pericarditis Present [learningradiology.com]

We present a patient with typical severe extensive myopericardial calcifications visualized by 3-D multidetector CT who was successfully treated by pericardiectomy. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Fulminant clinical tamponade presents with symptoms that depend on its etiology. [textbookofcardiology.org]

• Asymptomatic

  The patient was discharged on postoperative day 33 and remained asymptomatic 1 year later. A 66-year-old man was evaluated for recurrent cardiac decompensation and a 2-year history of worsening heart failure. [nejm.org]

  But it was rare for a patient with pericardial calcification to be asymptomatic for so many years after trauma. [jacpjournal.org]

  Asymptomatic mild pericardial effusion ( Chronic pericardial effusion Pericardial effusion is considered chronic when moderate to large effusions persist for at least 3 months. [textbookofcardiology.org]

  As the patient was asymptomatic we had not started any conventional antifailure regime. This case report shows that cardiac calcification and constrictive pericarditis can occur as a complication of AIP. [annalspc.com]

  One month later, the patient remained asymptomatic. Final diagnosis was a spontaneous cardiac tamponade secondary to a coronary artery injury attributed to a "sharping"calcified pericardial plaque. [bmccardiovascdisord.biomedcentral.com]

• Pleural Effusion

  The chest x-ray, however, was significant for a right-sided pleural effusion and pericardial calcification, suggestive of (CP). [intjem.springeropen.com]

  effusions are present in about 60 % of patients § Persistent unexplained pleural effusions can be the presenting manifestation · CT or MRI are superior in the assessment of pericardial anatomy and thickness · The diagnosis is confirmed by cardiac catheterization [learningradiology.com]

  There is bilateral pleural scarring versus small pleural effusions. [scmr.org]

  Chest radiography revealed severe calcification of the pericardium (thickness, 6 mm) (arrow, Panel A), and computed tomography revealed bilateral pleural effusion (arrows, Panel B). [nejm.org]

  Imaging Chest X Ray reported the presence of bilateral pleural effusions. Abdominal ultrasound scan reported moderate ascites and a coarse texture of the liver. [gastrohep.com]

• Dyspnea

  The patient had been having palpitations for the past year and indolent dyspnea on exertion. She had a remote exposure to tuberculosis through her grandfather. [circ.ahajournals.org]

  […] chambers Signs and Symptoms Reduced cardiac output ( fatigue, hypotension, reflex tachycardia ) Elevated systemic venous pressure ( jugular venous distension, hepatomegaly with marked ascites and peripheral edema ) Pulmonary venous congestion ( exertional dyspnea [learningradiology.com]

  […] blood cultures, TFT ECHO 'Treatment: Analgesia – ibuprofen Treat the cause Consider colchicine before steroids/immunosuppressant Pericardial effusions: Accumulation of fluid in the pericardial sac Cause : any cause of pericarditis Clinical pictures: Dyspnea [wikilectures.eu]

  LOW CARDIAC OUTPUT • DYSPNEA • FATIGUE • TACHYCARDIA 3. [brown.edu]

• Regurgitation

  Echocardiography or cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) is essential to detect the anatomical features alluded to above and to characterize hemodynamic issues such as secondary valvular regurgitation and pulmonary hypertension. [acc.org]

  EKG: NSR, probable left atrial abnormality, non-specific IVCD, abnormal R wave progression, & ST-T wave changes TTE: Done at another institution is said to have shown a normal EF (50%), mild mitral regurgitation, and mild pulmonary hypertension but no [scmr.org]

  The more well-recognized causes of hepatic congestion include Budd-Chiari syndrome (hepatic vein thrombosis), tricuspid regurgitation, tricuspid stenosis, pulmonary stenosis, pulmonary hypertension, right ventricular failure and cardiomyopathy. [gastrohep.com]

  Tricuspid regurgitation in patients undergoing pericardiectomy for constrictive pericarditis. Ann. Thorac. Surg. 85, 163–170 (2008). 111. Lee, K. J. et al. [nature.com]

  […] constrictive pericarditis and restrictive cardiomyopathy Constrictive pericarditis Restrictive cardiomyopathy Physical examination Early diastolic precordial impulse Apical impulse may be prominent Pericardial knock No murmur Third sound may be present Regurgitant [textbookofcardiology.org]

• Heart Disease

  Diagnosis and Management of Adult Congenital Heart Disease, by Drs. Gatzoulis, Webb, and Daubeney, is a practical, one-stop resource designed to help you manage the unique challenges of treating long-term adult survivors of congenital heart disease. [books.google.com]

  Abstract Constrictive pericarditis is a rare heart disease but potentially curable with pericardiectomy. Conventional image modalities such as echocardiography, CT and MRI have been used as useful diagnostics for constrictive pericarditis. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Etiology uremia previous trauma or prior pericarditis later sequelae of rheumatic heart disease malignant pericardial involvement (e.g. mediastinal teratoma) On chest radiography, the location of the calcifications can help differentiate pericardial calcifications [radiopaedia.org]

  Clinical Topics: Arrhythmias and Clinical EP, Heart Failure and Cardiomyopathies, Noninvasive Imaging, Pericardial Disease, Prevention, Pulmonary Hypertension and Venous Thromboembolism, Valvular Heart Disease, Atherosclerotic Disease (CAD/PAD), Atrial [acc.org]

• Pericardial Knock

  Physical examination revealed increased jugular venous pressure (14 cm of water), ascites along with presence of Kussmaul sign and pericardial knock. Clinically, a diagnosis of constrictive pericarditis (CP) was made. [jacpjournal.org]

  knock Hepatosplenomegaly, ascites, edema Test: CXR – small heat +/- pericardial calcification ECHO Cardiac catheterization Management : surgical excision Cardiac tamponade: Accumulation of pericardial fluid raises intra-pericardial pressure, hence poor [wikilectures.eu]

  Corrigan is credited with the pericardial knock in 1842. Kussmaul published his paper on the paradoxical pulse in 1873 [ 11 ]. [patient.info]

  Differential diagnosis between chronic constrictive pericarditis and restrictive cardiomyopathy Constrictive pericarditis Restrictive cardiomyopathy Physical examination Early diastolic precordial impulse Apical impulse may be prominent Pericardial knock [textbookofcardiology.org]

  There was an early diastolic sound, likely a pericardial knock. His liver edge was palpable at the costal margin. [scmr.org]

• Palpitations

  The patient had been having palpitations for the past year and indolent dyspnea on exertion. She had a remote exposure to tuberculosis through her grandfather. [circ.ahajournals.org]

  Cardiovascular symptoms include chest pain, pressure or discomfort, syncope, light-headedness and palpitations. Many patients are asymptomatic until the disease is advanced (up to 2 L of fluid can build up). [patient.info]

• Pericardial Disorder

  Pericarditis is the most common pericardial disorder. Congenital pericardial disorders are rare. Anatomy The pericardium has 2 layers. [merckmanuals.com]

• Uremia

  Etiology uremia previous trauma or prior pericarditis later sequelae of rheumatic heart disease malignant pericardial involvement (e.g. mediastinal teratoma) On chest radiography, the location of the calcifications can help differentiate pericardial calcifications [radiopaedia.org]

  […] variety of infections, trauma, and neoplasms Calcification most commonly occurs along the inferior diaphragmatic surface of the pericardium surrounding the ventricles Thin, egg-shell like calcification is more often associated with viral infection or uremia [learningradiology.com]

  […] source ] Acute pericarditis: Inflammation of pericardium which may be primary or secondary to systemic diseases Causes : Viruses (coxsackie, flu, EBV, mumps, varicella, HIV) Bacteria (pneumonia, rheumatic fever, TB) Fungi Myocardial infarction Others: uremia [wikilectures.eu]

  Uremic Pericarditis Uremia associated with chronic renal failure is a common cause of pericarditis and pericardial effusion. [brown.edu]

  Pericarditis due to uremia may respond to increased frequency of hemodialysis, aspiration, or systemic or intrapericardial corticosteroids. Intrapericardial triamcinolone may be useful. [merckmanuals.com]

Routine baseline workups including hemogram, blood sugars, liver and kidney function, chest X-ray, electrocardiography, electroencephalography were normal. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis was normal. [annalspc.com]

• Pleural Effusion

  The chest x-ray, however, was significant for a right-sided pleural effusion and pericardial calcification, suggestive of (CP). [intjem.springeropen.com]

  effusions are present in about 60 % of patients § Persistent unexplained pleural effusions can be the presenting manifestation · CT or MRI are superior in the assessment of pericardial anatomy and thickness · The diagnosis is confirmed by cardiac catheterization [learningradiology.com]

  There is bilateral pleural scarring versus small pleural effusions. [scmr.org]

  Chest radiography revealed severe calcification of the pericardium (thickness, 6 mm) (arrow, Panel A), and computed tomography revealed bilateral pleural effusion (arrows, Panel B). [nejm.org]

  Imaging Chest X Ray reported the presence of bilateral pleural effusions. Abdominal ultrasound scan reported moderate ascites and a coarse texture of the liver. [gastrohep.com]

Pericardiectomy is the definitive treatment. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Moreover, treatments with heparin or sulphonated poly(ethylene oxide) following glutaraldehyde pre-treatment have been proposed ( Lee et al., 2000, 2001 ). [intechopen.com]

Medical therapy is to decrease the symptoms of heart failure, but pericardiotomy and pericardial stripping is the main stay of treatment to relieve the constriction. [ecommons.aku.edu]

Treatment of pericardial effusion depends on the extent of symptoms, and the etiology underlying the effusion. [textbookofcardiology.org]

Without surgical treatment, biventricular failure develops. [clevelandclinicmeded.com]

As this is a rare disease, the data regarding prognosis of the disease is relatively scanty. The degree of pericardial calcification has shown no effect on survival. [ecommons.aku.edu]

Prognosis of the disease is excellent, as severe complications are rare. [textbookofcardiology.org]

Prognosis is strongly linked to the underlying cause but long-term survival is more likely with surgery and the best results are achieved if surgery is offered early. [patient.info]

1471-2261-12-28 © Cypierre et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2012 Received: 12 December 2011 Accepted: 25 April 2012 Published: 25 April 2012 Abstract Background Cardiac tamponade is a rare but severe complication of pericardial effusion with a poor prognosis [bmccardiovascdisord.biomedcentral.com]

The prognosis of viral pericarditis is generally good, with a self-limited course, and if uncomplicated, patients may be treated on an outpatient basis. [clevelandclinicmeded.com]

Histologic examination of the pericardial tissue removed at operation revealed a tuberculous etiology. Though unusual in the pediatric age group, constrictive pericarditis (CP) may occur in children, most often as a complication of tuberculosis. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

The etiology of cardiac tamponade reflects various conditions that cause pericardial effusions, trauma or the rupture of the heart [ 3 ]. [bmccardiovascdisord.biomedcentral.com]

Agreement can be reached regarding etiology only in the statement that "calcification occurs as a secondary degenerative change complicating chronic inflammation of the pericardium." 1 In the majority of cases, by the time bacteriologic and pathologic [annals.org]

Etiology uremia previous trauma or prior pericarditis later sequelae of rheumatic heart disease malignant pericardial involvement (e.g. mediastinal teratoma) On chest radiography, the location of the calcifications can help differentiate pericardial calcifications [radiopaedia.org]

Other tests are performed based on clinical suspicion of a specific etiology or to exclude certain etiologies. [brown.edu]

"As the epidemiological studies do not give clues on the important mechanisms underlying RIHD, it is difficult to design preventive strategies. [auntminnieeurope.com]

Although a direct causal relationship cannot be established between leprosy and pericardial calcification, the well known condition of cardiac amyloid, a complication of leprosy might have contributed in the pathophysiology of the development of pericardial [popline.org]

[ edit ] The pathophysiological characteristics of constrictive pericarditis are due to a thickened, fibrotic pericardium that forms a non-compliant shell around the heart. [en.wikipedia.org]

The pathophysiology remains poorly understood, but radiation "might harm virtually all cardiac tissues and the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms may be related to micro- and macrovascular damages," they explained. [auntminnieeurope.com]

Pathophysiology and Classification Depending on the underlying cause, the acute inflammatory response in pericarditis may produce serous fluid, pus, or dense fibrinous material. [aafp.org]

Pathophysiology The initiating event results in a chronic inflammatory pericardial process, resulting in fibrinous scarring and occasionally calcification of the pericardium ( Figure 10 ). [clevelandclinicmeded.com]

Rapidly find the answers you need with separate sections on diseases and disorders, differential diagnosis, clinical algorithms, laboratory results, and clinical preventive services, plus an at-a-glance format that uses cross-references, outlines, bullets [books.google.com]

The pericardium contains about 50 cc of fluid that lubricates the heart during its normal pumping movements and prevents friction between the heart and the pericardium lining. [my.clevelandclinic.org]

Both methods blockside effects of GA residues and thus prevent calcification of the pericardium. [intechopen.com]

The normal pericardium, by exerting a restraining force, prevents sudden dilation of the cardiac chambers, especially the right atrium and ventricle, during exercise and with hypervolemia. [accessmedicine.mhmedical.com]