Presentation
It presents as a large number of firmly adherent, small, white plaques that may interfere with feeding by making the mouth sore. [patient.info]
We present here a male child initially admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) with respiratory distress who turned out to have a PAS. [springerplus.springeropen.com]
Clinical presentation Symptoms observed in infants with RDS are indicative of difficulty with breathing. [pedclerk.bsd.uchicago.edu]
In infants, atelectasis may be: Congenital—present at birth Acquired—caused by an acquired condition Healthy Lungs Copyright © Nucleus Medical Media, Inc. Causes Atelectasis is not a disease. It is the result of a disease or abnormality in the body. [winchesterhospital.org]
Entire Body System
- Anemia
ICD-9 Code 773.5 fetus newborn late anemia isoimmunization ICD-9 Code 774.0 perinatal jaundice hereditary hemolytic anemias ICD-9 Code 774.1 fetal neonatal jaundice bruising ICD-9 Code 774.2 hyperbilirubinemia prematurity ICD-9 Code 774.30 neonatal jaundice [findacode.com]
[…] from fetal blood loss P614Other congenital anemias, not elsewhere classified P615Transient neonatal neutropenia P616Other transient neonatal disorders of coagulation P618Other specified perinatal hematological disorders P619Perinatal hematological disorder [cms.gov]
New chapters, expanded and updated coverage, increased worldwide perspectives, and many new contributors keep you current on the late preterm infant, the fetal origins of adult disease, neonatal anemia, genetic disorders, and more. "...a valuable reference [books.google.de]
Anemia following fetal blood loss Excludes: anemia due to isoimmunization (773.0-773.2, 773.5) hereditary hemolytic anemias (282.0-282.9) 776.6 Anemia of prematurity 776.7 Transient neonatal neutropenia Isoimmune neutropenia Maternal transfer neutropenia [theodora.com]
Necrotizing Enterocolitis 731 Overview 735 99 Pathophysiology of Coagulation and Deficiencies of Coagulation Factors in the Newborn 748 Risk of Thrombosis in the Newborn 763 Inflammation and Thrombosis 770 Clinical Aspects of Platelet Disorders 775 103 Anemia [books.google.it]
- Surgical Procedure
There were significant changes in the pancreas consistent with cystic fibrosis as well as involvement of the small intestine and changes related to the surgical procedures. Images This is a gross photograph of liver and pancreas from the autopsy. [peir.path.uab.edu]
The use of the VRI device showed earlier disorder of hypoventilation compared to chest X-ray, especially after abdominal surgical procedures, intraabdominal hypertension and various lung pathology as it detected laterobasal pneumothorax earlier. [signavitae.com]
The patient underwent various surgical procedures that compromised his respiratory mechanics and hampered early weaning from IMV. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
P00.7 Fetus and newborn affected by other medical procedures on mother, not elsewhere classified Fetus or newborn affected by radiology on mother Excl.: damage to placenta from amniocentesis, caesarean section or surgical induction (P02.1) fetus or [embryology.med.unsw.edu.au]
- Congestive Heart Failure
heart failure (from PDA or fluid overload) Persistent patency of ductus arteriosus Oxygen stimulus is missing to close duct Hemorrhage Pulmonary hemorrhage Intracranial hemorrhage Necrotizing enterocolitis Acute renal failures Chronic complications Lobar [learningradiology.com]
Congenital heart disease also may be implicated. Cyanotic heart disease includes transposition of the great arteries and tetralogy of Fallot. Noncyanotic heart lesions may cause a pulmonary overflow state leading to congestive heart failure. [aafp.org]
- Underweight
" classifiable to 764.0, who in addition show signs of fetal malnutrition, such as dry peeling skin and loss of subcutaneous tissue 764.2 Fetal malnutrition without mention of "light-for-dates" Infants, not underweight for gestational age, showing signs [theodora.com]
Respiratoric
- Pulmonary Disorder
Respiratory Distress Syndrome of the Newborn Hyaline Membrane Disease General Considerations Acute pulmonary disorder of the newborn characterized by Generalized atelectasis Intrapulmonary shunting Ventilation-perfusion abnormalities Reduced lung compliance [learningradiology.com]
INTRODUCTION Atelectasis is a pulmonary disorder that often occurs after extubation, particularly during patients' postoperative periods. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
- Respiratory Insufficiency
insufficiency with continued pulmonary interstitial emphysema from which recovery was not possible. [neonatalicu.blogspot.com]
- Painful Cough
[…] breathing or muscle weakness) Tumors that block an airway Symptoms Symptoms may include any of the following: Breathing difficulty Chest pain Cough There are no symptoms if atelectasis is mild. [mountsinai.org]
Gastrointestinal
- Failure to Thrive
Brief resolved unexplained event -- BRUE (Medical Encyclopedia) Crying - excessive (0-6 months) (Medical Encyclopedia) Failure to thrive (Medical Encyclopedia) Hemorrhagic disease of the newborn (Medical Encyclopedia) Hyperglycemia - infants (Medical [icdlist.com]
In certain cases, a combination of the disease and its treatment result in the complications of: Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) Pulmonary hemorrhage Pneumothorax Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) Septicemia Hypertension Failure to thrive Apnea Intraventricular [pedclerk.bsd.uchicago.edu]
[…] to thrive in newborn ICD-9 Code 779.4 drug reactions intoxications specific newborn ICD-9 Code 779.5 drug withdrawal syndrome infant dependent mother ICD-9 Code 779.6 fetal death induced abortion ICD-9 Code 779.7 periventricular leukomalacia ICD-9 Code [findacode.com]
Cardiovascular
- Hypertension
Longitudinal care in an interdisciplinary pediatric pulmonary hypertension program is recommended for infants following congenital diaphragmatic hernia repair who have pulmonary hypertension or are at risk of developing late pulmonary hypertension. [emedicine.medscape.com]
[…] cardiac failure P2911Neonatal tachycardia P2912Neonatal bradycardia P292Neonatal hypertension P294Transient myocardial ischemia in newborn P2989Other cardiovascular disorders originating in the perinatal period P299Cardiovascular disorder originating [cms.gov]
B 23 Use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors in late pregnancy may cause persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn. [aafp.org]
About Us Maryland Perinatal Associates provides care and treatment to women whose pregnancies are considered high-risk, specifically with conditions such as diabetes, hypertension, multiple gestation, recurrent miscarriage, family history of genetic diseases [mdperinatal.com]
These indicate a direct detrimental effect on lung alveolar cells because of the introduction of meconium into the lungs. [1] Persistent Pulmonary Hypertension [ edit ] Persistent pulmonary hypertension (PPHN) is the failure of the foetal circulation [en.wikipedia.org]
- Heart Disease
[…] the diagnosis, assess cardiac function, and exclude associated structural heart disease. [emedicine.medscape.com]
Mullowney T, Manson D, Kim R, Stephens D, Shah V, Dell S [Diagnostic and therapeutic methods for perioperative children with congenital heart disease with airway stenosis in pediatric intensive care unit]. [medicbind.com]
Congenital heart disease also may be implicated. Cyanotic heart disease includes transposition of the great arteries and tetralogy of Fallot. Noncyanotic heart lesions may cause a pulmonary overflow state leading to congestive heart failure. [aafp.org]
diseases I279Pulmonary heart disease, unspecified PDX Collection 1008:1 code P2981Cardiac arrest of newborn PDX Collection 1009:30 codes P290Neonatal cardiac failure P2911Neonatal tachycardia P2912Neonatal bradycardia P292Neonatal hypertension P294Transient [cms.gov]
PAS is frequently associated with tracheal anomalies, congenital heart disease, and lung abnormalities. [springerplus.springeropen.com]
- Hypotension
Cardiac arrhythmias, edema, poor cardiac output, and systemic hypotension may result from hypoxia of the myocardium. [merckvetmanual.com]
The patient may also present with systemic hypotension and symptoms of shock with echocardiographic evidence of poor right ventricular systolic function. [emedicine.medscape.com]
Liver, Gall & Pancreas
- Jaundice
774.0 Perinatal jaundice from hereditary hemolytic anemias Code first underlying disease (282.0-282.9) 774.1 Perinatal jaundice from other excessive hemolysis Fetal or neonatal jaundice from: bruising drugs or toxins transmitted from mother infection [theodora.com]
[…] due to other excessive haemolysis Excl.: jaundice due to isoimmunization (P55-P57) P58.0 Neonatal jaundice due to bruising P58.1 Neonatal jaundice due to bleeding P58.2 Neonatal jaundice due to infection P58.3 Neonatal jaundice due to polycythaemia P58.4 [embryology.med.unsw.edu.au]
[…] hereditary hemolytic anemias ICD-9 Code 774.1 fetal neonatal jaundice bruising ICD-9 Code 774.2 hyperbilirubinemia prematurity ICD-9 Code 774.30 neonatal jaundice delayed conjugation cause unspecified ICD-9 Code 774.31 neonatal jaundice delayed conjugation [findacode.com]
Systemic infection may cause meningoencephalitis with jaundice and hepatosplenomegaly, and sometimes coagulopathy. Diagnosis is by viral culture and treatment is with IV aciclovir. [patient.info]
Neurologic
- Seizure
Seizures are relatively common and may range from mildly abnormal movement of the face and jaw to generalized seizures with recumbency and paddling. [merckvetmanual.com]
1137 135 Biochemical Basis of HypoxicIschemic Encephalopathy 1147 136 Clinical Aspects and Treatment of the HypoxicIschemic Syndrome 1160 137 Neuroprotective Strategies 1173 138 Cerebral Hemorrhage 1180 139 Neonatal Arterial Stroke 1192 140 Neonatal Seizures [books.google.it]
Seizures. The need for mechanical ventilation in a term baby. Signs of shock. Other possible indicators These include: Altered behaviour or responsiveness. Altered muscle tone - eg, floppiness. Feeding difficulties. [patient.info]
684) pemphigus neonatorum (684) 778.9 Unspecified condition involving the integument and temperature regulation of fetus and newborn 779 Other and ill-defined conditions originating in the perinatal period 779.0 Convulsions in newborn Fits in newborn Seizures [theodora.com]
Urogenital
- Cesarean Section
The coverage of the text includes the endocrine tests in the assessment of pregnancy; role of amniocentesis in elective cesarean section; and pharmacological prevention of premature delivery. [books.google.de]
The decade of the eighties opened with the all-time highest rate of cesarean section in the United States. [books.google.com]
[…] atelectasis Intrapulmonary shunting Ventilation-perfusion abnormalities Reduced lung compliance M:F =1.8:1 Cause Immature surfactant production (usually begins at 18-20 weeks of gestational age) Causes acinar atelectasis Predispositions Premature infants Cesarean [learningradiology.com]
section for present delivery (763.4) damage to placenta from amniocentesis, cesarean section, or surgical induction (762.1) previous surgery to uterus or pelvic organs (763.89) 760.7 Noxious influences affecting fetus or newborn via placenta or breast [theodora.com]
Although prematurity is the primary risk factor, there are several other risk factors including maternal diabetes, cesarean section, asphyxia, rapid labor, and complications that reduce blood flow to the fetus [ 5, 6 ]. [pedclerk.bsd.uchicago.edu]
Workup
X-Ray
- Atelectasis
Alternate Names Perinatal Atelectasis is also known as Atelectasis Neonatorum, Pulmonary Atelectasis Of Newborn, Unexpanded Lung. [novusbio.com]
[…] perinatal atelectasis 解釋 圍生期肺不張 perinatal : adj. 接近出生時期的,出生前後發生的。 atelectasis : n. 【醫學】肺膨脹不全。 ※英文詞彙 perinatal atelectasis 在字典百科 英英字典 中的解釋。 [dict.site]
[…] fetal atelectasis [医]胎儿肺膨胀不全 lobar atelectasis [医]肺叶膨胀不全 lobular atelectasis 肺小叶不张,小叶性肺膨胀不全 obstructive atelectasis [医]阻塞性肺膨胀不全 patchy atelectasis 小叶性肺膨胀不全 plate-like atelectasis [医]盘状不张 primary atelectasis 原发性肺不张 pulmonary atelectasis [医]肺不张 relaxation [fastdict.net]
Atelectasis is common after surgery or in people who are or were in the hospital. [mountsinai.org]
Some medical conditions or treatments increase your baby’s risk of atelectasis. [winchesterhospital.org]
- Pulmonary Infiltrate
Of the ten cases described as pulmonary infiltrates, 8 had bilateral involvement, pulmonary infiltrates affected the middle third of the right lung in one case, and pulmonary infiltrates affected the base of the left lung in one case. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
- Bilateral Atelectasis
Nine cases of atelectasis were diagnosed in the right lung, one case was diagnosed in the left lung, and one case of bilateral atelectasis (with complete collapse of the left lung and collapse of the right apex) was diagnosed. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Microbiology
- Staphylococcus Aureus
aureus A411Sepsis due to other specified staphylococcus A412Sepsis due to unspecified staphylococcus A413Sepsis due to Hemophilus influenzae A414Sepsis due to anaerobes A4150Gram-negative sepsis, unspecified A4151Sepsis due to Escherichia coli [E. coli [cms.gov]
Vancomycin plus gentamicin is used in late-onset sepsis if meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is found or suspected. Meningitis : Typical signs found in older children or adults are not present in a small infant. [patient.info]
Common pathogens include group B streptococci (GBS), Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and gram-negative enteric rods. [aafp.org]
aureus P36.3 Sepsis of newborn due to other and unspecified staphylococci P36.4 Sepsis of newborn due to Escherichia coli P36.5 Sepsis of newborn due to anaerobes P36.8 Other bacterial sepsis of newborn P36.9 Bacterial sepsis of newborn, unspecified [embryology.med.unsw.edu.au]
- Chlamydia
[…] codes P220Respiratory distress syndrome of newborn P221Transient tachypnea of newborn P228Other respiratory distress of newborn P229Respiratory distress of newborn, unspecified P230Congenital pneumonia due to viral agent P231Congenital pneumonia due to Chlamydia [cms.gov]
These include human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), herpes zoster virus (HZV), hepatitis B virus (HBV) and Chlamydia trachomatis. Postnatal infection transmitted via breast-feeding. [patient.info]
congenital rubella pneumonitis (P35.0) P23.1 Congenital pneumonia due to Chlamydia P23.2 Congenital pneumonia due to staphylococcus P23.3 Congenital pneumonia due to streptococcus, group B P23.4 Congenital pneumonia due to Escherichia coli P23.5 Congenital [embryology.med.unsw.edu.au]
Treatment
Make informed clinical choices for each patient, from diagnosis and treatment selection through post-treatment strategies and management of complications, with new evidence-based criteria throughout. [books.google.de]
Oxygenation index was 29.5 before treatment was started. This reduced to 20.9 at 24 h after DNase treatment was started. [nature.com]
85 Pathology and Treatment of Liver Diseases 641 86 Neonatal CholestasisConjugated Hyperbilirubinemia 650 87 Surgical Treatment of Biliary Tract Malformations 659 88 Orofacial Malformations 664 89 Esophageal Atresia 675 90 Gastrointestinal Malformations [books.google.it]
[17] Surfactant treatment [ edit ] Lung lavage with diluted surfactant is a new treatment with potentially beneficial results depending on how early it is administered in newborns with MAS. [en.wikipedia.org]
Diagnosis is by viral culture and treatment is with IV aciclovir. Neonates with HSV infection acquired perinatally have a 65% mortality rate (untreated), reduced to 25% with treatment. [patient.info]
Prognosis
Most foals with NE have a good to very good prognosis. In uncomplicated cases, the reported survival rate is 70%–75%, with complete recovery in most cases. Sepsis and related complications adversely affect the prognosis. [merckvetmanual.com]
[…] ground-glass” opacification of both lungs with air bronchograms and hypoaeration Hypoaeration from loss of lung volume (may be counteracted by respiratory therapy) Fine granular pattern Prominent air bronchograms Bilateral and symmetrical distribution Prognosis [learningradiology.com]
Outlook (Prognosis) In an adult, atelectasis in a small area of the lung is usually not life threatening. The rest of the lung can make up for the collapsed area, bringing in enough oxygen for the body to function. [mountsinai.org]
Development of pulmonary interstitial emphysema within the first 24-48 hours after birth is often associated with extreme prematurity, very low birth weight, perinatal asphyxia, and/or neonatal sepsis and frequently indicates a grave prognosis. [neonatalicu.blogspot.com]
Prognosis Typically, the symptoms worsen a few days after birth but slowly improve afterwards. The goal is to support the infant while the lungs begin producing surfactant. [pedclerk.bsd.uchicago.edu]
Etiology
Manifestation code identifies conditions for which it is important to record both the etiology and the symptom of the disease. [books.google.de]
Chapter Outline Etiology and Epidemiology Postoperative atelectasis develops when lung expansion is decreased or when excess airway secretions cause mucous plugs, which in turn produce distal “degassing” of lung units. [clinicalgate.com]
The most common etiology of neonatal respiratory distress is transient tachypnea of the newborn; this is triggered by excessive lung fluid, and symptoms usually resolve spontaneously. [aafp.org]
Introduction and Etiology Respiratory Distress Syndrome (RDS) is a life threatening pulmonary disease primarily of the premature infant caused by surfactant deficiency Pulmonary surfactant is a complex lipoprotein composed of phospholipids and apoproteins [pedclerk.bsd.uchicago.edu]
[…] pneumonia, respiratory distress syndrome, pulmonary sequestration, and pulmonary hypoplasia resulting in hypercarbia and respiratory acidosis Sepsis Alveolar capillary dysplasia Surfactant protein B deficiency Respiratory or metabolic acidosis of any etiology [emedicine.medscape.com]
Epidemiology
الصفحة 47 - Health care organizations should maintain a current demographic, cultural, and epidemiological profile of the community as well as a needs assessment to accurately plan for and implement services that respond to the cultural and linguistic [books.google.com]
Seite 47 - Health care organizations should maintain a current demographic, cultural, and epidemiological profile of the community as well as a needs assessment to accurately plan for and implement services that respond to the cultural and linguistic [books.google.de]
Chapter Outline Etiology and Epidemiology Postoperative atelectasis develops when lung expansion is decreased or when excess airway secretions cause mucous plugs, which in turn produce distal “degassing” of lung units. [clinicalgate.com]
Syndrome 1160 137 Neuroprotective Strategies 1173 138 Cerebral Hemorrhage 1180 139 Neonatal Arterial Stroke 1192 140 Neonatal Seizures 1199 141 The Timing of Neonatal Brain Damage 1208 142 Thrombosis in the Development of Newborn Brain Damage 1216 143 Epidemiology [books.google.it]
Epidemiology About 1 in 20,000-30,000 newborn US infants will have RDS. Approximately half of neonates born at gestation age of 26-28 weeks will develop RDS, while about 30% of 30-31 gestation week neonates will develop it [ 4 ]. [pedclerk.bsd.uchicago.edu]
Pathophysiology
699 92 Meconium Plug Syndrome 704 93 Hirschsprungs Disease 708 94 Gastroenteritis and Intractable Diarrhea 713 95 Rehydration after Diarrhea 719 96 Necrotizing Enterocolitis 724 97 Surgical Treatment of Necrotizing Enterocolitis 731 Overview 735 99 Pathophysiology [books.google.it]
It describes the spectrum of disorders and pathophysiology of newborns born in meconium-stained amniotic fluid (MSAF) and have meconium within their lungs. [en.wikipedia.org]
Which of the following pathophysiologic conditions are components of meconium aspiration? I. Surfactant inactivation II. [studystack.com]
This is the underlying pathophysiologic derangement of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome. [link.springer.com]
5 percent of those born after 34 weeks' gestation. 6 The condition is more common in boys, 7 and the incidence is approximately six times higher in infants whose mothers have diabetes, because of delayed pulmonary maturity despite macrosomia. 8 The pathophysiology [aafp.org]
Prevention
In this patient, NPPV effectively prevented atelectasis by delivering 5 cm H 2 O of CPAP, which kept the peripheral airways open, as shown in a clinical study investigating the effect of NPPV on the prevention of postoperative atelectasis [ 1 ]. [jintensivecare.biomedcentral.com]
The coverage of the text includes the endocrine tests in the assessment of pregnancy; role of amniocentesis in elective cesarean section; and pharmacological prevention of premature delivery. [books.google.de]
Prevention Not all atelectasis can be prevented. To help reduce your baby’s chance of atelectasis, take these steps: Be careful with small objects around infants. Work with your doctor to treat or manage any lung conditions your baby has. [winchesterhospital.org]
With the exciting new possiblity of both prevention or replacement therapy for HMD the future looks promising. [neonatology.org]
It functions to lower surface tension (to allow for lung expansion during inspiration ), stabilise alveoli at the end of expiration (to prevent alveolar collapse) and prevents lung oedema. [en.wikipedia.org]