We present two cases of squamous cell carcinoma of the laryngopharynx in children less than 15 years of age. Both patients presented with a prolonged history of symptoms and extensive disease at diagnosis. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Case Presentation We present a 24 year old Asian female student presented with acute diminution of vision in both eyes 4 years back followed by complete loss of vision one year later in both eyes. [npplweb.com]

Clinical presentation includes epistaxis and conductive hearing loss. [radiopaedia.org]

• Pain

  Common throat cancer symptoms may include: Difficulty swallowing, also known as dysphagia Changes in your voice Sore throat Ear or jaw pain A dull pain behind the breastbone Difficulty breathing Ringing in the ears Frequent nosebleeds Headaches A lump [cancercenter.com]

  It does not cause permanent damage Pancreatitis - There is abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting Hearing impairment. [healthhub.sg]

  […] or bleeding in the mouth Difficulty chewing, swallowing, or moving the jaws or tongue Ear and/or jaw pain Chronic bad breath Changes in speech Loosening of teeth or toothache Dentures that no longer fit Unexplained weight loss Fatigue Loss of appetite [cancer.net]

  See a doctor if any of the following symptoms are present: A sore throat that persists Pain or difficulty with swallowing Unexplained weight loss Voice changes Ear pain A lump in the back of the throat or mouth A lump in the neck Cleveland Clinic News [my.clevelandclinic.org]

  The symptoms that may require attention are somatic pain from bone metastases, visceral pain from liver or lung metastases and neurogenic pain if nerve tissue is compressed. [myvmc.com]

• Weight Loss

  The ingredient from the rind of the fruit could hasten your weight-loss efforts. The natural extract is called hydroxycitric acid (HCA), and researchers claim that HCA can double or triple one’s weight loss." - Dr. [radiosantander.com]

  loss Swelling of the eyes, jaw, throat or neck Bleeding in the mouth or through the nose Chronic cough Some symptoms of throat cancer are specific to certain areas of the body. [cancercenter.com]

  loss Fatigue Loss of appetite, especially when prolonged; this may happen during the later stages of the disease If you are concerned about any changes you experience, please talk with your doctor and/or dentist as soon as possible. [cancer.net]

  See a doctor if any of the following symptoms are present: A sore throat that persists Pain or difficulty with swallowing Unexplained weight loss Voice changes Ear pain A lump in the back of the throat or mouth A lump in the neck Cleveland Clinic News [my.clevelandclinic.org]

  Symptoms of oropharyngeal cancer may include throat pain, difficulty swallowing, weight loss, ear ache, voice change, and blood-tinged saliva. [ahns.info]

• Falling

  Cell/Bone Marrow Transplant Thyroid Cancer Leukemias Insight Blog 7/26/2017 Why I Walk: David Frank, MD, PhD Patient Stories, Adult Head and Neck Cancer Insight Blog 6/16/2017 For Cancer Survivor, Boston Marathon® Jimmy Fund Walk is a Father’s Day in Fall [dana-farber.org]

  […] neck (i.e., evidence of cancer spread) M Status of cancer spread to parts of the body outside of the head and neck T stage: the main tumor Based on a physical examination and review of any imaging, the doctor should be able to assign a T stage that falls [headandneckcancerguide.org]

• Cough

  […] breastbone Difficulty breathing Ringing in the ears Frequent nosebleeds Headaches A lump in the nose or back of the mouth, throat or neck Unexplained weight loss Swelling of the eyes, jaw, throat or neck Bleeding in the mouth or through the nose Chronic cough [cancercenter.com]

  Coughing and breathlessness from lung involvement may require specific treatment. Infection can also be a serious problem in patients with pharyngeal cancer (particularly pneumonia in patients with lung metastases). [myvmc.com]

  […] sore throat that persists for over 2 weeks Throat pain or difficulty swallowing Unexplained rapid weight loss Voice changes (more hoarse) Ear pain A lump in the back of the throat or mouth A lump in the neck A dull pain behind the sternum Persistent Cough [en.wikipedia.org]

  If you’ve been experiencing symptoms such as a sore throat, hoarseness, and persistent cough with no improvement and no other explanation, they may suspect throat cancer. [healthline.com]

  Diagnosis History  Depending on the location and extent of the cancer  Sore throat  A lump in the nose or back of the mouth, throat, or neck  A change of voice, or unusual hoarseness  Dysphagia  Coughing  Trouble breathing, or feeling "stuffed [slideshare.net]

• Hemoptysis

  No other disease exists Presentation Epidemiology smokers drinkers Presentation hoarseness difficulty swallowing otalgia hemoptysis non-healing oral ulcer Treatment Diagnosis involves direct visualization and tissue biopsy Treatment is excision of the [medbullets.com]

  Exclusion Criteria: Presence of local recurrence Presence of neck lymph node recurrence invading vascular structure; Presence of central lung lesions involving major blood vessels; History of hemoptysis or epistaxis within 4 weeks; Preexisting uncontrolled [clinicaltrials.gov]

  For example, they may see a neurologist for cephalea, an ophthalmologist for visual impairment, or a pulmonologist for hemoptysis. [cancerjournal.net]

• Dyspnea

  The patient was now in a serious condition, with dyspnea at rest due to multiple lung metastases, pain from the bone metastases, and liver metastases. [academic.oup.com]

  Seven months after initial surgery, pharyngeal pain, swelling, and a feeling of dyspnea developed, and tumor was found in the left palatine tonsil. [cancerindex.org]

• Nausea

  It does not cause permanent damage Pancreatitis - There is abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting Hearing impairment. [healthhub.sg]

• Ulcer

  No other disease exists Presentation Epidemiology smokers drinkers Presentation hoarseness difficulty swallowing otalgia hemoptysis non-healing oral ulcer Treatment Diagnosis involves direct visualization and tissue biopsy Treatment is excision of the [medbullets.com]

  Tumour Features All types of nasopharyngeal carcinoma have a variety of appearances on nasendoscopy, from barely visible abnormalities to ulcerated, exophytic masses. [ozradonc.wikidot.com]

  See the separate articles on Problems in the Mouth, Oral Ulceration and Salivary Gland Disorders. Examination It is important to do a full head and neck examination (inspection and palpation) including the mouth. [patient.info]

  […] associated with very low EBV titers Other adverse prognostic factors include older age, male gender, large tumor volume and cranial nerve palsy Gross description Gross appearance is variable: smooth mucosal bulge, raised nodule with or without surface ulceration [pathologyoutlines.com]

  The clinical morphology may be infiltrative, ulcerative or exophytic [ 10 ]. The neuro-ophthalmic manifestations present usually late with the advancement of disease. [npplweb.com]

• Visual Impairment

  This type of optic atrophy usually develops in the late stages of the disease and results in severe visual impairment. [nature.com]

  For example, they may see a neurologist for cephalea, an ophthalmologist for visual impairment, or a pulmonologist for hemoptysis. [cancerjournal.net]

• Otalgia

  No other disease exists Presentation Epidemiology smokers drinkers Presentation hoarseness difficulty swallowing otalgia hemoptysis non-healing oral ulcer Treatment Diagnosis involves direct visualization and tissue biopsy Treatment is excision of the [medbullets.com]

  Epithelia an myoepithelial encapsulated * Sensory portions of this nerve synapse along with sensory nerves of the external auditory canal (Arnold’s nerve) leading to symptoms of referred otalgia. 1. Pharyngeal tumor Ahmad talalqa Abdullah maaitah 2. [slideshare.net]

  Symptoms and Signs Oropharyngeal cancer symptoms vary slightly depending on the subsite but typically patients present with sore throat, dysphagia, odynophagia, dysarthria, and otalgia. [merckmanuals.com]

  Audiological symptoms like tinnitus, otalgia and deafness: These are common symptoms of nasopharyngeal malignancy. This is caused by blockage to the nasopharyngeal end of eustachean tube by the tumor mass. 9. [drtbalu.com]

• Referred Otalgia

  Epithelia an myoepithelial encapsulated * Sensory portions of this nerve synapse along with sensory nerves of the external auditory canal (Arnold’s nerve) leading to symptoms of referred otalgia. 1. Pharyngeal tumor Ahmad talalqa Abdullah maaitah 2. [slideshare.net]

• Neck Mass

  Diagnosis  Physical examination may include visual inspection of the oral and nasal cavities, neck, throat, and tongue using a small mirror and/or lights. neck mass consisting of painless firm lymph node enlargement  Investigation : 1. [slideshare.net]

  Investigations [ 17 ] Diagnosis is made by biopsy of the nasopharyngeal mass. FNA of a neck mass may be useful for the detection of an occult nasopharyngeal primary tumour. [patient.info]

  Headaches accompanied by palpable lymph nodes in neck Fifty-six patients complained of headache and neck mass. [cancerjournal.net]

  A neck mass, often cystic, is a common presenting symptom of patients with oropharyngeal cancer. Because the symptoms of oropharyngeal cancer mimic those of common URIs, it often takes many months before patients are referred to a specialist. [merckmanuals.com]

  In Taiwan, neck mass was the most common presenting symptom of NPC patients. 2 Blood-tinged sputum and/or rhinorrhoea was the second most frequent symptom. 2 Nasal symptoms (nasal obstruction, discharge), aural symptoms (tinnitus, fullness, hearing loss [nature.com]

 Workup includes the following: • Careful visual examination (by fiberoptic endoscopic examination or examination under anesthesia [EUA]). • Documentation of the size and location of the tumor and neck nodes. • Evaluation of cranial nerve function [slideshare.net]

Workup includes: Careful visual examination (by mirror or endoscope), evaluation of neck nodes, evaluation of cranial nerve function and hearing. Skull X-rays (especially base-of-skull views) to evaluate neural foramina. CXR. [patient.info]

[…] for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire Head and Neck Cancer Module (EORTC QLQ-H&N35). [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

NPC is highly sensitive to both radiation treatment and many forms of drug (chemotherapy) treatment. [stanfordhealthcare.org]

You won't usually need to stay in hospital overnight during treatment. [nhs.uk]

However, this theory provides a route for researchers to risk stratify and de-escalate treatments, and hence reduce treatment burden. [cancerindex.org]

Males had significantly poor prognosis than females. Subjects with tongue and/or mouth carcinoma presented the worst prognosis, whereas lip carcinoma had the best prognosis. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Early pharynx cancer detected incidentally is associated with a relatively good cancer prognosis. Involvement of lymph nodes in the region is associated with a poorer prognosis of the cancer. [myvmc.com]

Epidemiological and etiological factors associated with nasopharyngeal carcinoma. [npplweb.com]

The main subject areas of Journal of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma include, but are not limited to, prevention, etiology, genetics, epidemiology, pathology, therapy, prognosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. [journalofnasopharyngealcarcinoma.org]

Etiology Risk factors Tobacco consumption Alcohol use Further risk factors: nitrosamine ; consumption from salted/preserved foods, chronic iron deficiency, long-term consumption of carcinogenic food (e.g., aflatoxin ), exposure to radiation, immunosuppression [amboss.com]

Recently, HPV infection showed an etiologic role in the development of non-endemic EBV-negative nasopharyngeal cancers. HPV-positive and EBV/HPV-negative tumors exhibited worse outcomes than EBV-positive tumors 7. [radiopaedia.org]

HPV type 16 causes 60% of oropharyngeal cancers, and patients have become younger (median age 57 yr, and bimodal peaks at 30 yr and 55 yr) as HPV infection has emerged as an etiology. [merckmanuals.com]

This review examines the scientific literature surrounding the epidemiology of oral and pharyngeal cancers, including but not limited to risk factors, disparities, preventative factors, and the epidemiology in countries outside the United States. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Epidemiology References: [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] Epidemiological data refers to the US, unless otherwise specified. [amboss.com]

An epidemiologic and clinical study of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics. Mar-Apr 1978;4(3-4):182-198. [headandneckcancerguide.org]

The main subject areas of Journal of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma include, but are not limited to, prevention, etiology, genetics, epidemiology, pathology, therapy, prognosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. [journalofnasopharyngealcarcinoma.org]

Chronic hyperplastic candidiasis Medium-risk lesions: Oral submucosal fibrosis Syphilitic glossitis Sideropenic dysphagia (or Paterson-Kelly-Brown syndrome) Low-risk lesions: Oral lichen planus Discoid lupus erythematosus Discoid keratosis congenita Pathophysiology [en.wikipedia.org]

Clinician's handbook of preventive services: put prevention into practice. Washington, DC: US Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, 1994. Horowitz AM, Nourjah P, Gift HC. [cdc.gov]

This review examines the scientific literature surrounding the epidemiology of oral and pharyngeal cancers, including but not limited to risk factors, disparities, preventative factors, and the epidemiology in countries outside the United States. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Prevention of OP-SCC has not been evaluated in randomized trials designed for this purpose. [ada.org]

The main subject areas of Journal of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma include, but are not limited to, prevention, etiology, genetics, epidemiology, pathology, therapy, prognosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. [journalofnasopharyngealcarcinoma.org]

Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention: a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology. [headandneckcancerguide.org]