We present two cases of squamous cell carcinoma of the laryngopharynx in children less than 15 years of age. Both patients presented with a prolonged history of symptoms and extensive disease at diagnosis. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Case Presentation We present a 24 year old Asian female student presented with acute diminution of vision in both eyes 4 years back followed by complete loss of vision one year later in both eyes. [npplweb.com]

Results One patient presented with eyelid tumour and three other patients presented with proptosis as the initial manifestation of NPC. [nature.com]

• Otalgia

  No other disease exists Presentation Epidemiology smokers drinkers Presentation hoarseness difficulty swallowing otalgia hemoptysis non-healing oral ulcer Treatment Diagnosis involves direct visualization and tissue biopsy Treatment is excision of the [medbullets.com]

  Epithelia an myoepithelial encapsulated * Sensory portions of this nerve synapse along with sensory nerves of the external auditory canal (Arnold’s nerve) leading to symptoms of referred otalgia. 1. Pharyngeal tumor Ahmad talalqa Abdullah maaitah 2. [slideshare.net]

  Symptoms and Signs Oropharyngeal cancer symptoms vary slightly depending on the subsite but typically patients present with sore throat, dysphagia, odynophagia, dysarthria, and otalgia. [merckmanuals.com]

  Audiological symptoms like tinnitus, otalgia and deafness: These are common symptoms of nasopharyngeal malignancy. This is caused by blockage to the nasopharyngeal end of eustachean tube by the tumor mass. 9. [drtbalu.com]

• Referred Otalgia

  Epithelia an myoepithelial encapsulated * Sensory portions of this nerve synapse along with sensory nerves of the external auditory canal (Arnold’s nerve) leading to symptoms of referred otalgia. 1. Pharyngeal tumor Ahmad talalqa Abdullah maaitah 2. [slideshare.net]

• Neck Mass

  Diagnosis  Physical examination may include visual inspection of the oral and nasal cavities, neck, throat, and tongue using a small mirror and/or lights. neck mass consisting of painless firm lymph node enlargement  Investigation : 1. [slideshare.net]

  Investigations [ 17 ] Diagnosis is made by biopsy of the nasopharyngeal mass. FNA of a neck mass may be useful for the detection of an occult nasopharyngeal primary tumour. [patient.info]

  Headaches accompanied by palpable lymph nodes in neck Fifty-six patients complained of headache and neck mass. [cancerjournal.net]

  A neck mass, often cystic, is a common presenting symptom of patients with oropharyngeal cancer. Because the symptoms of oropharyngeal cancer mimic those of common URIs, it often takes many months before patients are referred to a specialist. [merckmanuals.com]

  In Taiwan, neck mass was the most common presenting symptom of NPC patients. 2 Blood-tinged sputum and/or rhinorrhoea was the second most frequent symptom. 2 Nasal symptoms (nasal obstruction, discharge), aural symptoms (tinnitus, fullness, hearing loss [nature.com]

 Workup includes the following: • Careful visual examination (by fiberoptic endoscopic examination or examination under anesthesia [EUA]). • Documentation of the size and location of the tumor and neck nodes. • Evaluation of cranial nerve function [slideshare.net]

Workup includes: Careful visual examination (by mirror or endoscope), evaluation of neck nodes, evaluation of cranial nerve function and hearing. Skull X-rays (especially base-of-skull views) to evaluate neural foramina. CXR. [patient.info]

[…] for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire Head and Neck Cancer Module (EORTC QLQ-H&N35). [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

NPC is highly sensitive to both radiation treatment and many forms of drug (chemotherapy) treatment. [stanfordhealthcare.org]

You won't usually need to stay in hospital overnight during treatment. [nhs.uk]

Males had significantly poor prognosis than females. Subjects with tongue and/or mouth carcinoma presented the worst prognosis, whereas lip carcinoma had the best prognosis. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Early pharynx cancer detected incidentally is associated with a relatively good cancer prognosis. Involvement of lymph nodes in the region is associated with a poorer prognosis of the cancer. [myvmc.com]

Epidemiological and etiological factors associated with nasopharyngeal carcinoma. [npplweb.com]

Etiology Risk factors Tobacco consumption Alcohol use Further risk factors: nitrosamine ; consumption from salted/preserved foods, chronic iron deficiency, long-term consumption of carcinogenic food (e.g., aflatoxin ), exposure to radiation, immunosuppression [amboss.com]

Recently, HPV infection showed an etiologic role in the development of non-endemic EBV-negative nasopharyngeal cancers. HPV-positive and EBV/HPV-negative tumors exhibited worse outcomes than EBV-positive tumors 7. [radiopaedia.org]

HPV type 16 causes 60% of oropharyngeal cancers, and patients have become younger (median age 57 yr, and bimodal peaks at 30 yr and 55 yr) as HPV infection has emerged as an etiology. [merckmanuals.com]

Epstein - Barr virus: E.B. virus infections have been postulated to be the etiological agent responsible for nasopharyngeal carcinoma. The presence of raised antibody titers, and demonstration of viral genome in tumor cells are ample proof. 2. [drtbalu.com]

This review examines the scientific literature surrounding the epidemiology of oral and pharyngeal cancers, including but not limited to risk factors, disparities, preventative factors, and the epidemiology in countries outside the United States. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Epidemiology References: [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] Epidemiological data refers to the US, unless otherwise specified. [amboss.com]

An epidemiologic and clinical study of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics. Mar-Apr 1978;4(3-4):182-198. [headandneckcancerguide.org]

With the increase in incidence of OPSCC, there has also been a shift in the epidemiology of the disease [2]. [austinpublishinggroup.com]

Chronic hyperplastic candidiasis Medium-risk lesions: Oral submucosal fibrosis Syphilitic glossitis Sideropenic dysphagia (or Paterson-Kelly-Brown syndrome) Low-risk lesions: Oral lichen planus Discoid lupus erythematosus Discoid keratosis congenita Pathophysiology [en.wikipedia.org]

Clinician's handbook of preventive services: put prevention into practice. Washington, DC: US Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, 1994. Horowitz AM, Nourjah P, Gift HC. [cdc.gov]

This review examines the scientific literature surrounding the epidemiology of oral and pharyngeal cancers, including but not limited to risk factors, disparities, preventative factors, and the epidemiology in countries outside the United States. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Prevention of OP-SCC has not been evaluated in randomized trials designed for this purpose. [ada.org]

Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention: a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology. [headandneckcancerguide.org]

Prevention No sure way exists to prevent nasopharyngeal carcinoma. However, one can take steps to reduce the risk of the disease by reducing the intake of salt-cured foods and preserved meats or avoid these foods altogether. (1)Cancer Registry. [healthhub.sg]