Case presentation: Toxicity from PCP is dose dependent with various levels of CNS excitement based on the dose. We describe a case of a patient who presented to the emergency department with cardiac arrest. [longdom.org]

Most patients presenting to the ED with PCP intoxication do well and can be discharged home after a period of observation. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Some patients present with seizures, for which benzodiazepines are adequate treatment. [theravive.com]

• Fever

  Fever, tachycardia and hypertension were frequent findings among the 25 patients with rhabdomyolysis and all had leukocytosis. The data show that rhabdomyolysis with and without acute renal failure is not infrequent among abusers of PCP. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Fever, tachycardia and hypertension were frequent findings among the 25 patients with rhabdomyolysis and all had leukocytosis. The data show that rhabdomyolysis with and without acute renal failure is not infrequent among abusers of PCP. © 1981 S. [karger.com]

  Fever, tachycardia, and high blood pressure are frequent.[23] 3.2 Dose–effect relationship The 3-MeO-PCP doses and administration routes are not usually reported in the literature. [journals.lww.com]

  Misuse can cause blurred vision, body itching, rash, sweating, fever, hypertension, shallow respiration, diarrhea, toxic psychosis, coma, and an increase in heart rate, blood pressure, and body temperature. [www1.nyc.gov]

  Consider lumbar puncture in patients with altered mental status and fever in whom the diagnosis is unclear. Gilbert CR, Baram M, Cavarocchi NC. "Smoking wet": respiratory failure related to smoking tainted marijuana cigarettes. [emedicine.medscape.com]

• Hypertension

  Hypertension or tachycardia. Numbness or diminished responsiveness to pain. Ataxia. Dysarthria. Muscle rigidity. Seizures or coma. Hyperacusis. D. [dsm.wikia.com]

  The prevalent clinical signs and symptoms were the following: retrograde amnesia, nystagmus, hypertension, and psychomotor agitation. Co-use of other substances was the norm. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Antihypertensive agents are not usually needed, but diazoxide and hydralazine hydrochloride have been used to treat hypertensive crises. Diazepam and phenytoin have been used to treat seizures. [experts.umn.edu]

  Mild hypertension is seen in all patients with PCP intoxication. With increasing PCP dose, the panoply of sympathomimetic responses is seen; hypertensive crisis is common in association with high doses and may lead to cerebral hemorrhage. [aibolita.com]

• Tachycardia

  Tachycardia and NOT bradycardia is what is often seen with PCP intoxication. [theravive.com]

  Hypertension or tachycardia. Numbness or diminished responsiveness to pain. Ataxia. Dysarthria. Muscle rigidity. Seizures or coma. Hyperacusis. D. [dsm.wikia.com]

  Fever, tachycardia and hypertension were frequent findings among the 25 patients with rhabdomyolysis and all had leukocytosis. The data show that rhabdomyolysis with and without acute renal failure is not infrequent among abusers of PCP. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Criterion C Within 1 hour, at least 2 of the following signs or symptoms: Vertical or horizontal nystagmus Hypertension or tachycardia Numbness or diminished responsiveness to pain (analgesia) Ataxia Dysarthria Muscle rigidity Seizures or coma Hyperacusis [psychdb.com]

• Left Ventricular Dysfunction

  Echocardiography with severe Left ventricular dysfunction. Chest x-ray clear. CT head done initially unremarkable no stroke or anoxic damage but repeat CT after 48 h hour reveals severe global anoxic brain injury. [longdom.org]

• Hypersalivation

  Profuse diaphoresis, hypersalivation, bronchospasm, and urinary retention occurred in less than 5%. A small percentage had severe disturbances in vital signs, including three cases (0.3%) of cardiac arrest and 28 cases (2.8%) of apnea. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Hypersalivation and lacrimation may occur. Patients may abruptly swing between quiet catatonia and loud or agitated behavior. Vertical and horizontal nystagmus may be prominent with PCP intoxication. [accessmedicine.mhmedical.com]

• Muscle Twitch

  QID: 205717 Miosis, drowsiness, constipation Disorientation, hallucinations, hostility Amnesia, ataxia, stupor, somnolence Hyperphagia, hypersomnolence, fatigue Restlessness, diuresis, muscle twitching, cardiac arrhythmias L 1 B Select Answer to see Preferred [step1.medbullets.com]

  twitches.[19] Our patient did not report hallucinations or delusions but he was not specifically questioned about the presence or absence of these symptoms. [journals.lww.com]

  Caffeine Mechanism adenosine antagonist → decreased GABA activity (wakefulness) Intoxication presentation restlessness, insomnia diuresis muscle twitching cardiac arrhythmias treatment no specific treatment symptomatic treatment only Withdrawal presentation [medbullets.com]

  Much less common are physical symptoms such as gastrointestinal distress, diaphoresis, chills, nausea, shakiness, muscle twitches, and increased blood pressure ( 102 ). [basicmedicalkey.com]

• Miosis

  QID: 205717 Miosis, drowsiness, constipation Disorientation, hallucinations, hostility Amnesia, ataxia, stupor, somnolence Hyperphagia, hypersomnolence, fatigue Restlessness, diuresis, muscle twitching, cardiac arrhythmias L 1 B Select Answer to see Preferred [step1.medbullets.com]

  Other findings less frequent but still suspect are opisthotonos, hypertension, tachypnea or hyperpnea, miosis, hyperreflexia, hypertonia, and rigidity. Once suspected, the diagnosis is most easily made by finding PCP in the urine. [journals.sagepub.com]

• Lacrimation

  Hypersalivation and lacrimation may occur. Patients may abruptly swing between quiet catatonia and loud or agitated behavior. Vertical and horizontal nystagmus may be prominent with PCP intoxication. [accessmedicine.mhmedical.com]

• Facial Grimacing

  A patient with PCP intoxication may exhibit motor disturbances such as facial grimacing, tremor, and catalepsy. With severe intoxication (10 mg or more), there may be a drop in blood pressure, heart rate and respirations. [theravive.com]

• Euphoria

  Minor patterns included lethargy or stupor (38 cases; 3.8%), and combinations of bizarre behavior, violence, agitation, and euphoria in patients who were alert and oriented (325 cases; 32.5%). [read.qxmd.com]

  Within one hour, at least two of the following psychological symptoms: euphoria psychomotor agitation marked anxiety emotional lability grandiosity sensation of slowed time synesthesias D. [dsm.wikia.com]

  Symptoms and Signs Intoxication, characterized by a giddy euphoria, occurs with lower doses; euphoria is often followed by bursts of anxiety or mood lability. [merckmanuals.com]

  Results and Discussion Phencyclidine (PCP, “angel dust”) is an infamous hallucinogenic sought for its ability to induce the illusion of euphoria, omnipotence, superhuman strength, and social and sexual prowess. [longdom.org]

  Hallucinations and euphoria are reported infrequently. The drug has been known to alter mood states in an unpredictable fashion, causing some individuals to become detached, and others to become animated. [summitmalibu.com]

• Fear

  NOTHING – other than the fear of "taking a stand" – prevented these authors from offering a CONCLUSION strong enough to help to make a difference and save some lives. [charlydmiller.com]

  Here are some of the behavioral signs of PCP intoxication: “Poor perception of time and distance” Confusion Agitation Terror Panic Randomness in thought and action Severe anxiety and fear Mood swings Hostile and violent behavior PCP is increased in its [phencyclidine.org]

  Shelby told investigators that Crutcher refused repeated requests to stop and get on his knees and that she feared for her life, believing Crutcher was going to kill her, according to an affidavit filed with the manslaughter charge. [cbsnews.com]

  Shelby has said she fired her weapon because she feared for her life. Under Oklahoma law, first-degree manslaughter carries a minimum sentence of four years. She is scheduled to appear in court for a preliminary hearing on Nov. 29. [reuters.com]

  Such a NDE often results loss of the fear of death and a renewed interest in life. Production of artificial NDE's by ketamine has similarly been found effective to decrease an unatural fear of death. [lycaeum.org]

• Aggressive Behavior

  Symptoms in 11 patients suspected of phencyclidine intoxication included violent, aggressive behavior with delusions, hallucinations, agitation, and other signs of toxic psychosis. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  The most important approach to management of agitated behavior is the implementation of safe physical restraints and chemical sedation. Benzodiazepines are usually effective in managing aggressive behavior. [emedicine.medscape.com]

  Aggressive behaviors may occur with alcohol intoxication, but hallucinations are not seen (Galanter & Kleber, 2014). [theravive.com]

  Hallucinations, euphoria, and suicidal impulses are also reported, as well as occasional aggressive behavior. [wiki.tripsit.me]

• Agitation

  Within one hour, at least two of the following psychological symptoms: euphoria psychomotor agitation marked anxiety emotional lability grandiosity sensation of slowed time synesthesias D. [dsm.wikia.com]

  The prevalent clinical signs and symptoms were the following: retrograde amnesia, nystagmus, hypertension, and psychomotor agitation. Co-use of other substances was the norm. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  These include agitation, confusion, delirium, and delirium. [theravive.com]

• Seizure

  REPORT OF A CASE A 19-year-old previously healthy man was brought to the hospital with seizures and bizarre behavior. A detailed neurologic evaluation did not show any abnormalities. [jamanetwork.com]

  Higher doses produce amnesia and coma, with analgesia sufficient for surgery, and seizures with respiratory depression occur at the highest doses. [dsm.wikia.com]

  Diazepam and phenytoin have been used to treat seizures. Ion-trapping by continuous gastric suctioning and by urine acidification with ammonium chloride may increase clearance of PCP. [experts.umn.edu]

  […] psychomotor agitation, impaired judgment) Within 1 hour, two or more of the following symptoms: Rapid eye movements Hypertension or rapid heartbeat Numbness or less responsiveness to pain Stumbling, falling down, incoordination Slurred speech Muscle rigidity Seizures [hupcfl.com]

• Nystagmus

  On examination, the patient is combative with slurred speech and active visual hallucinations; eye examination shows prominent vertical nystagmus. [step1.medbullets.com]

  What separates PCP intoxication from that seen in amphetamine is that nystagmus may be seen, vertical, horizontal, or rotator nystagmus. [theravive.com]

  Clinical findings were the following: retrograde amnesia in 46 (25 %), horizontal nystagmus in 118 (64.1 %), vertical nystagmus in 90 (48.9 %), hypertension in 87 (47.3 %), and agitation in 71 (38.6 %). [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Nystagmus and bizarre and violent behavior may distinguish intoxication due to phencyclidine from that due to other substances. [dsm.wikia.com]

• Confusion

  Someone high on PCP may show signs of confusion and poor perception. PCP is a “bitter-tasting, white crystalline powder that is easy to dissolve in water or alcohol” ( NDIC ). [phencyclidine.org]

  - disorientation, confusion without hallucinations, hallucinations or delusions, a catatonic-like syndrome, and/or coma) that develops during, or shortly after ingestion.[1] Epidemiology Prognosis Risk Factors Criterion A Recent use of phencyclidine [psychdb.com]

  Bäckberg et al[10] observed confusion, disorientation, dissociation, and/or hallucinations in 4 of their patients. [journals.lww.com]

  These include agitation, confusion, delirium, and delirium. [theravive.com]

  Signs of Phencyclidine Intoxication These are some of the common signs and symptoms of phencyclidine (PCP) intoxication: Desire to undress Belligerent behavior Hallucinations Confusion, amnesia Besides the obvious dangers of the above symptoms of being [gomentor.com]

• Amnesia

  The prevalent clinical signs and symptoms were the following: retrograde amnesia, nystagmus, hypertension, and psychomotor agitation. Co-use of other substances was the norm. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  QID: 205717 Miosis, drowsiness, constipation Disorientation, hallucinations, hostility Amnesia, ataxia, stupor, somnolence Hyperphagia, hypersomnolence, fatigue Restlessness, diuresis, muscle twitching, cardiac arrhythmias L 1 B Select Answer to see Preferred [step1.medbullets.com]

  Medical and law enforcement personnel remember the symptoms of PCP intoxication by using the mnemonic device RED DANES, which stands for: rage, erythema (skin redness), dilated pupils, delusions, amnesia, nystagmus (oscillation of the eyeball when moving [summitmalibu.com]

  Signs of Phencyclidine Intoxication These are some of the common signs and symptoms of phencyclidine (PCP) intoxication: Desire to undress Belligerent behavior Hallucinations Confusion, amnesia Besides the obvious dangers of the above symptoms of being [gomentor.com]

  Higher doses produce amnesia and coma, with analgesia sufficient for surgery, and seizures with respiratory depression occur at the highest doses. [dsm.wikia.com]

Urine Toxicology and Laboratory Testing Generally when a patient appears to have PCP intoxication, regular laboratory workup should include renal function, fluid balance, electrolyte abnormalities, hypoglycemia, lactic acidosis, serum creatine phosphokinase [theravive.com]

Proper diagnosis of PCP intoxication is important to ensure that rapid, appropriate treatment is given, costly diagnostic workups are avoided, and family evalua tions are instituted. [journals.sagepub.com]

• T Wave Inversion

  Cardiac panel demonstrated normal troponin T levels. Electrocardiogram showed sinus rhythm with new deep biphasic T-wave inversions in anterolateral leads. Coronary angiography showed no pathological processes. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

The history, symptoms, diagnosis and treatment of phencyclidine hydrochloride (PCP) intoxication and the pharmacology of PCP are reviewed. [experts.umn.edu]

Treatment of Acute Intoxication and Withdrawal from Drugs of Abuse. [theravive.com]

PCP intoxication treatment mostly consists of physically supportive care such as controlling breathing, circulation, and body temperature, followed by treatment of the psychiatric symptoms. [summitmalibu.com]

Abstract The history, symptoms, diagnosis and treatment of phencyclidine hydrochloride (PCP) intoxication and the pharmacology of PCP are reviewed. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

They also know about the various treatment options that are available - like psychotherapy and counseling. Unlike some others, they offer online treatment for help with an addiction to PCP. [gomentor.com]

- disorientation, confusion without hallucinations, hallucinations or delusions, a catatonic-like syndrome, and/or coma) that develops during, or shortly after ingestion.[1] Epidemiology Prognosis Risk Factors Criterion A Recent use of phencyclidine [psychdb.com]

Course and Prognosis. Complete recovery from PCP intoxication is the rule in the absence of major medical complications. [aibolita.com]

Prognosis Relapse and return to PCP use is common, even among people who have experienced severe medical and psychiatric complications from the drug. [minddisorders.com]

Even patients with confirmed acute myocardial infarction have a favorable prognosis, possibly because of their relatively young age and good underlying health ( 42 ). [basicmedicalkey.com]

Psychiatric symptoms that persist beyond a few days suggest an etiology other than stimulant use ( 24, 33, 34 ). Transient psychotic symptoms during periods of abstinence (“flashbacks”) have been reported among methamphetamine users ( 35 ). [basicmedicalkey.com]

Conclusions: Altered mental status with catatonia seen in the hospital can have a psychiatric or medical etiology. Substance intoxication should be recognized as a cause in the right clinical context. [shmabstracts.org]

- disorientation, confusion without hallucinations, hallucinations or delusions, a catatonic-like syndrome, and/or coma) that develops during, or shortly after ingestion.[1] Epidemiology Prognosis Risk Factors Criterion A Recent use of phencyclidine [psychdb.com]

There were no signs of liver or kidney failure (serum creatinine: 73 μmol/L; estimated glomerular filtration rate calculated according to the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration equation: 130 mL/minute/1.73 m2; prothrombin ratio: 99%; serum [journals.lww.com]

Neurological complications of drug abuse: pathophysiological mechanisms. Eur J Neurol 2000;7:595–606; Schuckit MA. Drug and alcohol abuse. A clinical guide to diagnosis and treatment, 6th ed. New York: Springer, 2006; Tashkin DP. [basicmedicalkey.com]

NOTHING – other than the fear of "taking a stand" – prevented these authors from offering a CONCLUSION strong enough to help to make a difference and save some lives. [charlydmiller.com]

You should call if you have any questions about poisoning or poison prevention. It does NOT need to be an emergency. You can call for any reason, 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. [medlineplus.gov]

Treatment and aftercare will provide the skills and support someone in recovery will need to live a life of sobriety and prevent relapse. [drugabuse.com]

Staff may administer activated charcoal to prevent further absorption of any drugs from the digestive tract into the person’s system. Treatment of any seizures. Seizures will be controlled with medications. Heart monitoring. [recovery.org]

Prevention PCP intoxication and related disorders can be prevented by not using the drug. Resources BOOKS American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. 4th ed. text revised. [minddisorders.com]