A panic attack is the most common and disabling symptom of a phobia. With a panic attack, the individual presents with a pounding or racing heart, shortened breath, rapid speech or cessation of speech, dry mouth, nausea or upset stomach, elevated blood pressure, shaking or trembling, chest pain or tightness, choking sensation, dizziness or lightheadedness, excessive sweating, heightened expectation of disaster, etc. [6]. 
However, it is not compulsory for these presentations of panic attacks to be visible for accurate diagnosis. The intensity of the anxiety can also vary among people with phobias.

• Dentist

  Implementing ways to overcome these is part of the dentist's duty to obtain valid consent. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Fortunately, your dentist can prescribe a product to help relieve the symptoms. [colgate.com]

• Fatigue

  Agoraphobia victims also are likely to develop depression, fatigue, tension, spontaneous panic and obsessive disorders. Social phobia involves overwhelming anxiety and excessive self-consciousness in everyday social situations. [psychologistanywhereanytime.com]

  Mentally, a person can become so worried about encountering or avoiding a particular situation that it can disrupt sleep, cause fatigue or irritability, or even make it difficult to concentrate on other matters. [medbroadcast.com]

  Side effects may include an upset stomach, fatigue, insomnia, and cold fingers. Antidepressants: Serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are commonly prescribed for people with phobias. [medicalnewstoday.com]

• Crying

  Note: In children, the anxiety may be expressed by crying, tantrums, freezing, or clinging. C. The person recognizes that the fear is excessive or unreasonable. Note: In children, this feature may be absent. D. [web.archive.org]

  In children, this anxiety may be expressed by crying, throwing temper tantrums, or clinging. The individual recognizes that the fear is excessive/unreasonable (this criterion is not required for children). [bu.edu]

  (In children, the anxiety may be expressed by crying, tantrums, freezing, or clinging.) [psychcentral.com]

  […] functioning normally because of your fear Physical reactions and sensations, including sweating, rapid heartbeat, tight chest or difficulty breathing Feeling nauseated, dizzy or fainting around blood or injuries In children, possibly tantrums, clinging, crying [mayoclinic.org]

• Dyspnea

  They may present dyspnea of varying magnitudes and jaundice in some cases.5 The diagnosis is complemented with radiography and computed tomography (CT) studies. [elsevier.es]

• Nausea

  In addition, they were more likely to have a comorbid diagnosis of a physical health condition, to report more exaggerated danger expectancies, and to report fears that focused more on physical symptoms (e.g., faintness and nausea) in comparison to youth [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Physical symptoms, including rapid heartbeat, lightheadedness, nausea, shortness of breath, and trembling occur. [pchtreatment.com]

  SSRIs may initially cause nausea, sleeping problems, and headaches. If the SSRI does not work, the doctor may prescribe a monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI) for social phobia. Individuals on an MAOI may have to avoid certain types of food. [medicalnewstoday.com]

• Vomiting

  The volume and range of foods consumed by the participant increased, and observer-rated anxiety and vomiting decreased over the course of treatment. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Specify type: Animal Type Natural Environment Type (e.g., heights, storms, water) Blood-Injection-Injury Type Situational Type (e.g., airplanes, elevators, enclosed places) Other Type (e.g., phobic avoidance of situations that may lead to choking, vomiting [web.archive.org]

  I’m not sure how long I’ve had emetophobia, a fear of vomiting or being sick, but I remember the first time I had a panic attack because of sick I was around 10. [time-to-change.org.uk]

  So I’m not sure how, in the following decade, I managed to develop a semen phobia that’s gone from mild dislike to complete and utter disgust, one which has seen me literally vomit after giving head. [metro.co.uk]

• Palpitations

  Read More Getting Help People with phobias or OCD have high anxiety and often experience panics - palpitations, ‘jelly' legs, queasiness and absolute terror. Sometimes depression is present too. [topuk.org]

  The sensation of having a 'thumping heart' (palpitations). Feeling sick (nausea). Shaking (tremor). Sweating. Dry mouth. Chest pain. A 'knot in the stomach'. Fast breathing. [patient.info]

  Physically, anxiety in the face of fear can make a person sweat, breathe heavily, or experience irregular heartbeats (palpitations), dizziness, or faintness. [medbroadcast.com]

• Tachycardia

  The fight-or-flight response is characterized by an increased heart rate ( tachycardia ), anxiety, increased perspiration, tremour, and increased blood glucose concentrations (due to glycogenolysis, or breakdown of liver glycogen ). [britannica.com]

• Sweating

  Symptoms may include sweating, chest pains, and pins and needles. Treatment can include medication and behavioral therapy. 19 million people in the United States have a phobia. What is a phobia? A phobia is an intense, irrational fear. [medicalnewstoday.com]

  These may include one or more of the following: Trouble breathing Nausea or other gastrointestinal symptoms Increased heart rate Dizziness or lightheadedness Trouble swallowing or a sense of choking Sweating or chills Tightness or pain in the chest Reactions [centerforanxietydisorders.com]

  You may sweat excessively, have problems controlling your muscles or actions, or have a fast heart rate. You avoid settings in which you may come into contact with the feared object or animal. [nlm.nih.gov]

  Phobia symptoms might include a pounding heart, sweating, shortness of breath, feeling dizzy, a fear of losing control and feelings of being detached from your body. [time-to-change.org.uk]

• Flushing

  The physical effects of these sensations can include: sweating abnormal breathing accelerated heartbeat trembling hot flushes or chills a choking sensation chest pains or tightness butterflies in the stomach pins and needles dry mouth confusion and disorientation [medicalnewstoday.com]

• Fear

  "irrational fear, horror, aversion," 1786, perhaps on model of similar use in French, abstracted from compounds in -phobia, from Greek -phobia, from phobos "fear, panic fear, terror, outward show of fear; object of fear or terror," originally "flight" [thesaurus.com]

  Among the more common examples are acrophobia, fear of high places; claustrophobia, fear of closed places; nyctophobia, fear of the dark; ochlophobia, fear of crowds; xenophobia, fear of strangers; and zoophobia, fear of animals. [britannica.com]

  Eighty-one percent reported to have a certain amount of fear of TCS. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Anxiety Disorder

  From Wikidata Jump to navigation Jump to search an anxiety disorder defined by a persistent and excessive fear of an object or situation edit English phobia an anxiety disorder defined by a persistent and excessive fear of an object or situation phobic [wikidata.org]

  This is known as separation anxiety disorder (SAD). [childrenshospital.org]

  There are several different types of anxiety disorders. Examples include generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, and social anxiety disorder. [web.archive.org]

• Claustrophobia

  Claustrophobia: This is a fear of enclosed or tight spaces. Severe claustrophobia can be especially disabling if it prevents you from riding in cars or elevators. Learn more about claustrophobia, from additional symptoms to treatment options. [healthline.com]

  Examples include: claustrophobia (small spaces), acrophobia (heights), and arachnophobia (spiders). Diagnostic criteria for 300.29 Specific Phobia ( cautionary statement ) A. [web.archive.org]

  Among the more common examples are acrophobia, fear of high places; claustrophobia, fear of closed places; nyctophobia, fear of the dark; ochlophobia, fear of crowds; xenophobia, fear of strangers; and zoophobia, fear of animals. [britannica.com]

  Agoraphobia is a fear of public places, and claustrophobia is a fear of closed-in places. If you become anxious and extremely self-conscious in everyday social situations, you could have a social phobia. [medlineplus.gov]

• Anger

  The wise man teaches that fear leads to anger, and anger leads to hate, but fear and hate aren't the same thing. "Phobia" still means fear, but in some of its compounds, -phobia's meaning has split between fear and hate. [economist.com]

  The internal consistency for the total score was satisfactory (Clinical sample α = 0.88/Student sample α = 0.84) as well as for all the affective domains, except Anger/Assertion (α = 0.44/0.36), Sadness/Grief (α = 0.24/0.46) and Attachment/Closeness [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Angrophobia - Fear of anger or of becoming angry. Ankylophobia- Fear of immobility of a joint. Anthrophobia or Anthophobia- Fear of flowers. Anthropophobia- Fear of people or society. Antlophobia- Fear of floods. [symptoms-of-anxiety-depression.com]

  If you are one of these individuals, please try to find a way to overcome your anger before you become a Needle Phobia activist. [needlephobia.com]

  * Hostility: "I am easily angered." " I get irritated easily by all sorts of things ." "I am usually pretty hostile." "I always make sure I get back at people who wrong me." "I resent being told what to do, even by people in charge." [mentalhealth.com]

• Delusion

  In schizophrenia, people have visual and auditory hallucinations, delusions, paranoia, negative symptoms such as anhedonia, and disorganized symptoms. Phobias may be irrational, but people with phobias do not fail reality testing. [healthline.com]

• Confusion

  संबंधित सामग्री देखें English Quiz Confusables कोलिन्स से नया! Collins! [collinsdictionary.com]

  Rehashed... remnants of the born Rehashed... life has no remorse Consistence to persistence Build your self-esteem Lifeless life has solitude Mentally can be confused Rehashed... remnants of the born Rehashed... life has no remorse Life is full of imbeciles [phobiaband.bandcamp.com]

  Generally you notice the commitment of the team, which perhaps could have dared slightly more: some puzzles are too trivial, others require excessive backtracking and can confuse the player a lot. [metacritic.com]

  The story is interesting but ultimately, purposefully, confusing. If you’re a fan of the exploration and puzzles element of these types of games then that’s where Fobia – St. Dinfna Hotel’s strength lies. [playstationcountry.com]

  Now, Please Click on Registration What We Offer √ Access to the copyright 4PEP program with information on diet, nutrition, physical activity, sleep, stress management, vitamin B complex and vitamin D optimization √ 12 Articles to help understand the confusing [lymphomasurvival.com]

• Irritability

  Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common disorder affecting over 15 percent of the population. [fascrs.org]

  Mentally, a person can become so worried about encountering or avoiding a particular situation that it can disrupt sleep, cause fatigue or irritability, or even make it difficult to concentrate on other matters. [medbroadcast.com]

  * Hostility: "I am easily angered." " I get irritated easily by all sorts of things ." "I am usually pretty hostile." "I always make sure I get back at people who wrong me." "I resent being told what to do, even by people in charge." [mentalhealth.com]

• Vertigo

  Symptoms include vertigo, dizziness, sweating, and feeling as if they’ll pass out or lose consciousness. Claustrophobia: This is a fear of enclosed or tight spaces. [healthline.com]

  Just as the claustrophobic don’t go tunneling and people with vertigo don’t climb the Eiffel tower, I avoid semen. And for now, or at least until I’m willing to commit to more therapy, I think that’s just going to have to be good enough. [metro.co.uk]

  Illyngophobia- Fear of vertigo or feeling dizzy when looking down. Iophobia- Fear of poison. Insectophobia - Fear of insects. Isolophobia- Fear of solitude, being alone. Isopterophobia- Fear of termites, insects that eat wood. [symptoms-of-anxiety-depression.com]

  Hamilton's article, the clinical findings associated with the vasovagal reflex reaction include: Physical symptoms of syncope (fainting), near-syncope, light-headedness, or vertigo upon needle exposure, along with other autonomic symptoms, e.g., pallor [needlephobia.com]

• Agitation

  Initially, this was because of difficult venous access but more recently because of severe distress and agitation when approached with a cannula. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  "I get easily agitated." "I can be stirred up easily.". * Anxiety: " I worry about almost everything ." "I'm always fearful or on edge about bad things that might happen." "I always expect the worst to happen." "I am a very anxious person." [mentalhealth.com]

• Seizure

  This game supports:Save Data Cloud Learn more Digital best sellers WARNING: If you have epilepsy or have had seizures or other unusual reactions to flashing lights or patterns, consult a doctor before playing video games. [nintendo.com]

When it comes to diagnosis, there are no diagnostic laboratory tests for phobias. Diagnosis is most of the time dependent on the patient’s account of their experiences. [7]

To rule out anxiety secondary medical conditions however, some laboratory tests can be carried out. Some of this includes drug screening for substance-induced anxiety, fasting glucose to rule out hypoglycaemia, thyroid function tests to rule out hypo/hyperthyroidism and 24-hour urine for 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) for pheochromocytoma.

Treatment for phobias generally involves therapeutic techniques, medications and a combination of both. [8]

Cognitive behavioural therapy is the most commonly used therapeutic treatment for phobias. It involves an exposure to the source of the fear in a controlled environment. The treatment has deconditioning abilities and can reduce anxiety. The therapy focuses on identifying and changing negative thoughts, dysfunctional beliefs, as well as negative reactions to fear. Some of the newer techniques expose the patient safely to the source of the phobia.

Antidepressant and anti-anxiety medications can also help calm the mind and physical reactions to fear [9]. Most of the time, the best results are seen with a combination of medications and professional therapy.

Following proper resolution of symptoms, most phobia patients will respond to treatment [5]. The most positive outlook is seen in patients with a specific phobic disorder while those that have social anxiety disorders or agarophobia display residual symptoms. Such individuals also face the risk of a reoccurrence following successful treatment. However, patients who have social anxiety disorders with extensive deficits in social skills generally find it hard to respond positively to treatment.

There is no singular etiologic factor for development of a phobia. However, there are several factors that may contribute to its development [2]:

Specific incidents or traumas

An individual that had a harrowing flying experience at a young age may end up developing a phobia about flying.

Responses picked up in early life

It is possible to develop the same specific phobia as a parent or an older sibling. Factors in the family environment such as worried or anxious parents can have an effect on the way you cope with anxiety much later in life.

Genetics

It has been proven that some individuals are born with the tendency to be more anxious than others.

Responses to panic or fear

When an individual has a strong reaction or panic attack following a particular situation or subject and people around react in an embarrassment inducing manner, he or she can develop intense anxiety about ever being in such a situation again.

Stress

Long term stress can lead to feelings of anxiety and depression making it harder for the individual to cope in certain situations. This will leave them feeling more fearful or anxious about being in such a situation ever again. Over a long period of time, this can lead to the development of a phobia.

Phobias are a relatively common form of anxiety disorders [3]. Its distribution is heterogeneous by age and gender. In the United States between 8.7% and 18.1% of people suffer from phobias. It is also the most common mental condition among women across all age groups and the second most common illness among men that are older than 25. Around 10% of all children experience specific phobias during their lives and social phobias also occur in 1-3% of children and adolescents.

Studies have also shown that women have a higher incidence of phobias than males. Figures show 26.5% for females and 12.4% for males. Multiple phobias can be found in 4% of females and 1.5% of males. Women are 4 times more likely to have a fear of animals compared. This is the highest disparity in incidence amongst all other forms of social phobias. Other phobias such as situational and social phobias are also more common in girls than in boys.

The underlying mechanism in the development of phobia is an interaction between the amygdala, anterior cingulate cortex and insula hyperactivity [4]. This theory was put forward following research which showed significant reductions in site-specific neural activity in these areas following evidence-based exposure treatments. Neuroimaging studies have also shown an increase in amygdala activation following exposure to cues relevant to the phobia as well as heightened activity in the insula and the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex regions.

The most common way to prevent phobic disorders is to tackle it at the bud by ensuring the individual receives psychotherapy or medication following any form of overwhelming exposure [10].

A phobia is a debilitating and overwhelming fear of a place, object, situation, feeling or animal [1]. The phobias are much more pronounced than fears. It develops when the patient has a heightened and totally unrealistic sense of danger about a situation or object.

Severe cases of phobias may lead to an individual reorganising their life to avoid the things that are responsible for the heightened fear. This will lead to a disruption of day-to-day life and also lead to considerable anguish.

A phobia is a type of anxiety disorder. This means that the individual may not show any symptoms until they come in contact with the source of the phobia. However, it is possible for an individual to feel anxious or panicky by just thinking about the source of a phobia, a condition referred to as anticipatory anxiety.

A phobia refers to an overwhelming and unreasonable fear of a subject, object, situation which poses small real danger but provokes the feeling of avoidance or anxiety in an individual. Unlike the small anxiety people feel with taking tests of addressing a crowd, a phobia lasts far longer and causes some form of intense physical and psychological reactions which often affect the patient negatively at work or at play.

There are various types of phobias. Some people are scared of large spaces while others cannot cope with some social situations. Others on the other hand have a specific phobia like the fear of dogs, heights or air travel.

Most phobias don’t require treatment but if it gets to the point of affecting your daily life negatively, therapies and treatments can be deployed to help overcome the fears permanently.

1. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, Text Revision (DSM-IV-TR). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association Press; 2000.
2. Mathew SJ, Coplan JD, Gorman JM. Neurobiological mechanisms of social anxiety disorder. Am J Psychiatry. Oct 2001;158(10):1558-67.
3. Kendler KS, Karkowski LM, Prescott CA. Fears and phobias: reliability and heritability. Psychol Med. May 1999;29(3):539-53.
4. Fyer AJ, Mannuzza S, Chapman TF, Liebowitz MR, Klein DF. A direct interview family study of social phobia. Arch Gen Psychiatry. Apr 1993;50(4):286-93.
5. Van Houtem CM, Laine ML, Boomsma DI, Ligthart L, van Wijk AJ, De Jongh A. A review and meta-analysis of the heritability of specific phobia subtypes and corresponding fears. J Anxiety Disord. May 2013;27(4):379-88.
6. LeBeau RT, Glenn D, Liao B, et al. Specific phobia: a review of DSM-IV specific phobia and preliminary recommendations for DSM-V. Depress Anxiety. Feb 2010;27(2):148-67.
7. Bourne, Edmund J. (2011). The Anxiety & Phobia Workbook 5th ed. New Harbinger Publications. pp. 50–51.
8. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th ed. Washington D.C.: American Psychiatric Association. 1994. p. 406. ISBN 0-89042-062-9.
9. Bolles, R. C. (1970). "Species-specific Defense Reactions and Avoidance Learning". Psychological Review 77: 32–38
10. Kendall, P. C., Aschenbrand, S. G., & Hudson, J. L. (2003). Child-focused treatment of anxiety. In A. E. Kazdin, J. R. Weisz (Eds.) , Evidence-based psychotherapies for children and adolescents (pp. 81-100). New York, NY US: Guilford Press