Of the children, three presented with isolated growth hormone deficiency and three presented with MPHD, and of the six adults, only one presented with isolated cortisol deficiency and the rest presented with multiple hormone deficiencies [Table 1], [Table [ijri.org]

Stress in Health and Disease presents the principal pathways mediating the response to a stressor. It discusses the clinical background of cross-resistance and treatment with stress-hormones. [books.google.com]

Clinically, presentation will depend on the extent of the hormonal deficiencies. Neonatal patients usually present with hypoglycemic seizure. [neuroradiologyonthenet.blogspot.com]

• Jaundice

  The diagnosis was not made until the ages of 1.75 years to 6.75 years in three patients with a clinical picture of short stature even though they presented episodes of hypoglycaemia and prolonged jaundice at birth. [em-consulte.com]

  In neonates it presents as neonatal hypoglycemia, prolonged neonatal (physiological) jaundice, cryptorchidism, and micropenis. In older children and adults it is characterized by short stature [ 2, 5 ]. [jmedicalcasereports.biomedcentral.com]

  Features suggestive of neonatal hormonal deficiency (hypoglycemia, jaundice, and/or micropenis/cryptorchidism in males) were found in 28 of 67 patients (42%) among which 14 of the growth retardation group (30%). [journals.plos.org]

• Hirsutism

  However, estrogen production may be normal, and signs of androgen excess, including hirsutism, have been observed in some women with hyperprolactinemia. [merckmanuals.com]

  Hirsutism. Osteopenia. Growth hormone-producing pituitary tumors Signs and symptoms of growth hormone (GH)-producing pituitary tumors, also known as somatotroph adenomas, may include:[ 8 ] Headache. [cancer.gov]

• Osteoporosis

  […] treatment; indications for treatment include Hypogonadism (because of the risk of osteoporosis) Erectile dysfunction Low libido Troublesome infertility The initial treatment is usually a dopamine agonist such as bromocriptine 1.25 to 5 mg po bid or the [merckmanuals.com]

  […] following symptoms may indicate a pituitary tumor: Vision problems (blurred or double vision, drooping eyelid) Headaches in the forehead area Nausea or vomiting Impaired sense of smell Sexual dysfunction Depression Fatigue Infertility Growth problems Osteoporosis [aans.org]

  Cushing’s disease is characterized by central distribution of adipose, muscle weakness, purplish striae, hypertension, osteoporosis, fatigue and psychiatric changes. Primary Cushing’s disease. [nba.uth.tmc.edu]

  Cortisol and other glucocorticoids have many systemic effects, which include immunosuppression, diabetes due to increased gluconeogenesis, hypertension caused by partial mineralocorticoid effects, osteoporosis from inhibition of bone formation and calcium [eyewiki.aao.org]

• Cesarean Section

  The first one proposes that PSIS is an acquired injury caused by neonatal hypoxia, since there is a high association of PSIS with breech presentation and cesarean section delivery. [neuroradiologyonthenet.blogspot.com]

  The incidences of breech delivery, cesarean section, and neonatal distress were high (respectively 19, 34, and 26%) without difference between groups. [journals.plos.org]

  A significant proportion of patients with congenital deficiency of pituitary hormones and PSIS are more likely to have been delivered by breech or Cesarean section and have suffered from neonatal hypoxemia than the general population. [jmedicalcasereports.biomedcentral.com]

• Cryptorchidism

  Gonadotropin deficiency was also diagnosed in a boy who, at birth, presented with a micropenis and bilateral cryptorchidism. [em-consulte.com]

  However, the association of this syndrome with micropenis and cryptorchidism, as well as the occurrence of familial or syndromal forms, suggests an antenatal origin of its pathogenesis. [jmedicalcasereports.biomedcentral.com]

  As expected, male patients with LH/FSH deficiency had a higher incidence of micropenis (60% versus 5%; P = 0.0004) and cryptorchidism (45% versus 5%; P = 0.0067) than patients with a normal gonadotropic axis. [journals.plos.org]

• Irritability

  Projections from the nucleus tractus solitarius to the hypothalamus, hippocampus, amygdala and other limbic sites are proposed to induce somnolence, anorexia, irritability and cognitive impairment. [nba.uth.tmc.edu]

While a majority of patients with endogenous Cushing syndrome have thyrotrophic adenomas (called Cushing Disease - see below), other tumors should also be considered as part of the endocrinologic workup, including adrenal tumors and especially ACTH-secreting [eyewiki.aao.org]

Often pituitary stalk lesions are discovered during the workup for endocrine abnormalities, or in relation to specific symptoms such as visual changes or headaches. [skullbaseinstitute.com]

• Prolactin Increased

  In addition, increased prolactin secretion may be caused by prolactin-producing pituitary tumours, such as lactotroph adenomas or prolactinomas, and by several systemic diseases, notably thyroid deficiency. [britannica.com]

[…] and prognosis Treatment consists of hormonal replacement 3. [radiopaedia.org]

[PUBMED Abstract] Pituitary Carcinomas Treatment Standard Treatment Options for Pituitary Carcinomas Standard treatment options for pituitary carcinomas include the following: Surgery. [cancer.gov]

The catch-up growth after 1 year of treatment corresponded to 60% of the total gain and after 3 years to 94% of total gain, in the nine children who had at least 3 years of treatment follow-up. [em-consulte.com]

treatment; indications for treatment include Hypogonadism (because of the risk of osteoporosis) Erectile dysfunction Low libido Troublesome infertility The initial treatment is usually a dopamine agonist such as bromocriptine 1.25 to 5 mg po bid or the [merckmanuals.com]

Treatment is generally delivered in fractions, one treatment or “fraction” a day, five days a weeks for four to five weeks. Proton Beam Treatment Proton beam treatment employs a different type of radiation called protons. [aans.org]

[…] life or ischemia with subsequent reorganization of the infundibular axons and development of an ectopic posterior pituitary 1. absent/hypoplastic anterior pituitary gland thin or absent infundibulum ectopic posterior pituitary location Treatment and prognosis [radiopaedia.org]

This developmental anomaly of the hypophysis calls for urgent diagnosis since prognosis depends on the rapid implementation of substitutive hormonal therapy. [jle.com]

Magnetic resonance image of sellar region in pituitary stalk interruption syndrome in children and adolescents. ( 21375930 ) Qi Wei P....Xian-wei Z. 2011 36 Pituitary stalk interruption syndrome in 83 patients: novel HESX1 mutation and severe hormonal prognosis [malacards.org]

Tumor lesions should be considered from the outset particularly among children and adolescents because they determine the prognosis and treatment. In adults, inflammatory causes or granulomatosis are the most common. [biopublisher.ca]

AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 1991; 12:533–542. of Willis and prognosis in children is worse than in adults 4 Abernethy LJ. Imaging of the pituitary in children with growth disorders. Eur J [27]. [slideshare.net]

So the absence of etiology in our patients, requires us to regularly monitor. [biopublisher.ca]

On the basis of such observations one might be tempted to conclude that the pituitary is a factor in the etiology of clinical thyrotoxicosis. [annals.org]

Pathology Biopsy specimens of the anterior and posterior pituitary as well as the pituitary stalk revealed no tumor, granuloma, or histiocytosis, nor did there appear to be an infectious etiology evidenced by the absence of viral inclusions, acid-fast [skullbaseinstitute.com]

Etiology Congenital Hypopituitarism usually presents occurs in early childhood. This may be due to birth trauma, or, Acquired. [magicfoundation.org]

To identify imaging and epidemiological features that can help to distinguish ATB infection from Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) infection. Epidemiology Mycobacteria that cause human disease can be divided into two broad groups. [posterng.netkey.at]

[…] less commonly patients may also have Ocular motility deficits and/or Diplopia, certain forms of Nystagmus, signs and symptoms of Increased intracranial pressure due to mass effect, Optic atrophy, or sequelae of Pituitary apoplexy. [3] [4] [5] General Epidemiology [eyewiki.aao.org]

Systemic complications of acromegaly: epidemiology, pathogenesis, and management. Endocr Rev 25 (1): 102-52, 2004. [cancer.gov]

Each chapter consists of a brief discussion of the relevant pathophysiology and moves into diagnosis and treatment, making liberal use of tables and algorithms. [books.google.com]

I ask this because I am confused by the conclusions in this article (can anyone explain that pathophysiology of this finding?) [forums.studentdoctor.net]

In Reproductive Endocrinology: Physiology, Pathophysiology and Clinical Management, edited by SSC Yen and RB Jaffe. Philadelphia, WB Saunders Company, 1978, p. 493. [merckmanuals.com]

In order to prevent regeneration of the hypothalamo-pituitary connections a silicone plate is introduced through the probe used to fracture the stalk. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

It is thought to be important in maintaining sensitivity of target tissues through prevention of down-regulation of receptors. [quizlet.com]

An Official ATS/IDSA Statement: Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention of Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Diseases. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2007; Vol 175. pp 367–416. [3] Schraufnagel, D. Breathing in America: Diseases, Progress, and Hope. [posterng.netkey.at]

To prevent an adrenal crisis secondary to unanticipated stress or illness, these doses should be doubled or tripled. Lastly, there should also be an injectable form of hydrocortisone available in the home. [magicfoundation.org]

Early diagnosis and treatment of this rare disease can prevent permanent short statue of the patient. We report the first case of pituitary stalk interruption syndrome from Pakistan. [jmedicalcasereports.biomedcentral.com]