These data are presented in light of current theories of fetal viral immunity. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

The present report demonstrates that the progesterone level and CTUP may be adequate as early diagnostic markers of fungal placentitis and bacterial infection. [jlc.jst.go.jp]

• Abdominal Pain

  陣痛 laparoscopy腹腔鏡検査 last menstrual period最終月経 late deceleration遅発一過性徐脈 leiomyosarcoma of the uterus子宮平滑筋肉腫 length of the fundus uteri子宮底長 lower abdominal pain下腹［部］痛 lower back pain腰痛 lumbago腰痛 luteinizing hormone (LH)黄体化ホルモン m maintenance chemotherapy [tokyo-med.ac.jp]

• Placental Disorder

  disorders, first trimester O43892Other placental disorders, second trimester O43893Other placental disorders, third trimester O4391Unspecified placental disorder, first trimester O4392Unspecified placental disorder, second trimester O4393Unspecified [cms.gov]

• Cervical Incompetence

  Anatomical, hormonal or even neurological factors contributing to cervical incompetence and/or increased perineal or vaginal contamination will increase the risk of ascending placentits. [myeventflo.com]

  In mares that are considered high risk (those that have a history of previous feto-placental compromise, cervical incompetency/lacerations, chronic disease, old age, poor reproductive conformation), routine placental ultrasonographic evaluations, in conjunction [info.selectbreeders.com]

  […] cancer子宮頸癌 cervical gland子宮頸管腺 cervical incompetency頸管無力症 cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN)子宮頸部上皮内腫瘍 cervicitis子宮頸管炎 cesarean delivery帝王切開による分娩 cesarean section帝王切開 chemotherapy化学療法 Chlamydia trachomatisクラミジア　トラコマテイス choriocarcinoma絨毛癌 chromosomal [tokyo-med.ac.jp]

• Pseudomonas

  Leptospirosis spp., Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus, Streptococcus and Salmonella abortus equi are bacteria that can enter by this mechanism. [info.selectbreeders.com]

  […] aeruginosa Pseudomonas aeruginosa, S. equisimilis, Enterobacter agglomerans, Klebsiella pneumoniae Klebsiella pneumoniae and alpha-hemolytic Streptococcus Streptococcus spp. [vetstream.com]

  Bacterial agents commonly associated with the occurrence of placentitis include Streptococcus equi subspecies zooepidemicus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Leptospira spp, nocardioform bacteria (Crossiella equi, Amycolatopsis [horsetalk.co.nz]

  Bacterial agents commonly associated with the occurrence of placentitis includeStreptococcus equisubspecieszooepidemicus,Escherichia coli,Klebsiella pneumoniae,Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Leptospiraspp, nocardioform bacteria (Crossiella equi, Amycolatopsis [equine.ca.uky.edu]

• Gram-Positive Rods

  Numerous colonies of small, pleomorphic, Gram-positive, rod-shaped bacteria were observed within the fibrin lattice associated with placental lesions and within the fetal atelectatic lung. [works.bepress.com]

• Paracoccidioides Brasiliensis

  brasiliensis and 8 of unknown aetiology - VUE) and 8 control placentas for detection of ICAM-1 by immunohistochemistry. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Treponema Pallidum

  Abstract We report a case of early congenital syphilis in which the placenta showed diffuse proliferative villitis and Treponema pallidum was identified by indirect immunoperoxidase stain in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded placental tissue. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Future studies will hopefully identify markers of infection and inflammation characteristic for placentitis so treatment can be initiated early. [info.selectbreeders.com]

Additional diagnostic tools are therefore needed to accurately identify pregnant mares with early stages of placentitis and to specifically target these mares for treatment, they said. [horsetalk.co.nz]

Thereafter, placentitis induced mares were randomly assigned into: (1) basic treatment, TMS+FM (n = 8); (2) basic treatment with ALT supplementation, TMS+FM+ALT (n = 8); (3) basic treatment with ECP supplementation, TMS+FM+ECP (n = 6); (4) basic treatment [experts.illinois.edu]

Currently, ultrasonographic evaluation of the placenta is used to detect early cases of placentitis and to implement treatment to prevent abortion and delay premature labor. [equine.ca.uky.edu]

PROGNOSIS AND RELEVANT FACTORS The prognosis is generally poor. It is difficult to control the infection and maintain a healthy pregnancy. my role I might observe You might make these observations when a horse has this condition. [horsesidevetguide.com]

Pathophysiology is emphasized throughout, providing a sound basis for discussions of the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis that follow. [books.google.com]

Most foals that present with these symptoms have a very poor prognosis but Fiona fought every step of the way and responded to treatment. [belvoirequineclinic.com.au]

Prognosis If the condition is diagnosed early and aggressive treatment initiated with a combination of broad spectrum antibiotics, altrenogest and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medication, up to 73% of mares may deliver live foals. [beh.com.au]

This study was conducted to compare C4d immunoreactivity between villitis of unknown etiology (VUE) and cytomegaloviral placentitis. C4d immunohistochemistry was performed in cases with VUE (n = 16) and cytomegaloviral placentitis (n = 5). [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

@article{Hong1993EtiologyAP, title={Etiology and pathology of equine placentitis.}, author={Chuen Bin Hong and James M. Donahue and R. C. Giles and Marie B. Petrites-Murphy and Kockanda B Poonacha and Alex. Roberts and Bonnie J. [semanticscholar.org]

Zentralbl Gynäkol 97: 129–137 Google Scholar Labarrere C (1982) Chronic villitis of unknown etiology in small-for-gestational-age infants. [link.springer.com]

In another 24 placentas they observed only villitis in the absence of parasitism determining a frequency of 17.9% of villitis of unknown etiology. A control group of placentas of non chagasic mothers was studied. [scienceopen.com]

Hong C B, Donahue J M, Giles Jr R et al (1993) Etiology and pathology of equine placentitis. J Vet Diagn Invest 5, 56-63 PubMed. [vetstream.com]

Director & Professor of Epidemiology at the University of Kentucky's Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory (UKVDL) in Lexington, Kentucky issued a notice to area veterinarians today that the UKVDL received an equine fetus from a Bluegrass area farm. [equusmagazine.com]

It also addresses the importance of preventing and controlling infectious disease outbreaks with coverage of epidemiology, biosecurity, antimicrobial therapy, and recognizing foreign equine diseases. [books.google.de]

Diagnostic epidemiology of nocardioform placentitis and abortion in Kentucky, 1991-2015. Craig N. Carter, Erdal Erol, Noah D. Cohen, and Jacqueline L. Smith. 2016, J Equine Vet Sci. Vol 39, S59-S60. [derbybarandgrill.com]

Cohen N D, Carey V J, Donahue J G et al (2003) Descriptive epidemiology of late-term abortions associated with the mare reproductive loss syndrome in central Kentucky. J Vet Diag Invest 15, 295-297 PubMed. [vetstream.com]

Pathophysiology is emphasized throughout, providing a sound basis for discussions of the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis that follow. [books.google.com]

The expression of the inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α increase in case of infection.These cytokines may play an essential role in the pathophysiology of spontaneous pretem labor with intact membrane.An observational analytic [mji.ui.ac.id]

LeBlanc M M, Macpherson M & Sheerin P (2004) Ascending Placentitis: What we Know About Pathophysiology, Diagnosis and Treatment. In: Proc 50th Annual Convention of the AAEP. Denver, USA. [vetstream.com]

Ideal for both practitioners and students, this comprehensive resource covers the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of infectious disease in horses. [books.google.de]

To prevent abortion, early detection of the condition is critical and waiting until clinical signs of placentitis develop may be too late. [veterinarypartner.vin.com]

Thickening at the cervical star can prevent it rupturing at birth or abortion, so that the chorion tears across the rostral body. [myeventflo.com]

These preventative measures in combination enable identification and treatment of a problem early in the course of infection, providing the opportunity for the birth of a healthier foal. [info.selectbreeders.com]