Presentation
CONCLUSION: The present study revealed great differences between both diagnostic tests, as well as suggesting high P. malariae prevalence from a molecular perspective. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Entire Body System
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Splenectomy
The parasite densities observed during the longitudinal follow after splenectomy did not differ from parasite densities in villagers with intact spleens. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
The patient was given a diagnosis of lymphoma and advised to undergo splenectomy, which she declined. In October 1995, she was treated with oral methotrexate (10 mg per day for 10 days). [nejm.org]
Quartan malaria following splenectomy 36 years after infection. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1982;31:163–5. 18. Hess FJ, Kilian HAD, Nothdurft HD, Loscher T. [malariajournal.biomedcentral.com]
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Fatigue
Symptomatic patients presented mild to moderate symptoms like fever, chills, headache, dizziness, fatigue and myalgia.Although both the intermediate as well as the definite host are known to be endemic in southeastern Bangladesh, no evidence for the presence [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Photosensitivity Nephro- and hepatotoxicity Damage to mucous membranes (these antibiotics should be taken with a lot of water) Artemether-lumefantrine Gastrointestinal discomfort Prolonged QT interval Quinidine Palpitations, angina pectoris CNS : dizziness, fatigue [amboss.com]
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Constitutional Symptom
The woman felt healthy, had no constitutional symptoms, denied ever having malaria, and had never traveled outside of Greece. [nejm.org]
Gastrointestinal
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Nausea
Along with bouts of fever and more general clinical symptoms such as chills and nausea, the presence of edema and the nephrotic syndrome has been documented with some P. malariae infections. [scientistsagainstmalaria.net]
(%) Symptom Fever history reported 18 18 (100) Chills 18 13 (72) Headache 18 8 (44) Weakness 18 6 (33) Diarrhea 18 4 (22) Myalgia 18 4 (22) Neck ache 18 4 (22) Nausea 18 3 (17) Cough 18 2 (11) Vomiting 18 2 (11) Night sweats 18 2 (11) Dyspnea 18 1 [academic.oup.com]
Malaria has an incubation period of 7–42 days and may present with relatively unspecific symptoms like fever, nausea, and vomiting. Therefore, it is often misdiagnosed. [amboss.com]
He also complained of abdominal pain and nausea without vomiting or diarrhea for the next five days. Initially he was treated with paracetamol, which controlled his fever, at his local health complex. [microbewiki.kenyon.edu]
Musculoskeletal
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Arthritis
Immunologic and clinical effects of cytotoxic drugs used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus. Concepts Immunopathol 1989 ;7: 20 - 78 14. Hirsch VM, Goldstein S, Hynes NA, et al. [nejm.org]
Psychiatrical
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Suggestibility
CONCLUSION: The present study revealed great differences between both diagnostic tests, as well as suggesting high P. malariae prevalence from a molecular perspective. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Workup
Hence, P. malariae infection should remain in the differential diagnosis of febrile patients returning from endemic countries whose malaria workup is negative, and PCR should be utilized early on. [academic.oup.com]
Serum
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Howell-Jolly Bodies
Although Howell-Jolly bodies are morphologically similar to nuclei of young Plasmodium trophozoite, distinction on smears is based on the absence of cytoplasm and irregular size of Howell-Jolly bodies. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
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Decreased Platelet Count
Hemoglobin was 12.1 g/dl, red blood cell count - 4.14 million/mm 3, packed cell volume - 35.9%, white blood cell count - 4500/mm 3 with 85% neutrophils and marginally decreased platelet count (131,000/mm 3 ). [jpgmonline.com]
Biopsy
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Liver Biopsy
Laboratory hallmarks include abnormal results of liver-function tests, elevated IgM levels, and hepatic sinusoidal lymphocytosis. 22 Our patient had normal liver function and low rather than elevated serum IgM levels; a liver biopsy was not performed. [nejm.org]
The failure to identify hypnozoites in liver biopsy of either human and animals is considered a proof that P. malariae is not a relapsing Plasmodium species, thus still giving the Bignami’s interpretation of endo-erythrocytic persistence of the parasite [malariajournal.biomedcentral.com]
The tissue stages of P. malariae were first described by Bray ( 13, 14 ) in liver biopsy specimens from sporozoite-inoculated chimpanzees. The host cell nucleus was enlarged and pushed to one side. [doi.org]
Treatment
He was diagnosed with renal cortical necrosis post malaria treatment. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Prognosis
The clinical presentation and prognosis of the disease depend on the Plasmodium species. Malaria has an incubation period of 7–42 days and may present with relatively unspecific symptoms like fever, nausea, and vomiting. [amboss.com]
Etiology
[…] occurs between 45 N and 40 S ( WHO: World Malaria Report 2014 [Accessed 9 January 2018] ) Plasmodium knowlesi : usually causes malaria in monkeys ( Lancet 2004;363:1017, Trends Parasitol 2008;24:406, Emerg Infect Dis 2008;14:1434 ) Pathophysiology / etiology [pathologyoutlines.com]
Etiology Pathogen : Plasmodia Vector : : the female Anopheles mosquito Host: humans Plasmodium knowlesi occurs in different primate species and, as a zoonotic disease, can be transmitted to humans. [amboss.com]
Etiology Malaria is caused by obligate intracellular protozoan parasites of the genus "Plasmodium". The four species of human malarial parasites are Plasmodium vivax, P falciparum, P malariae, and P ovale. [atsu.edu]
Epidemiology
The potential interactions of P. malariae and P. ovale with Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax might explain some basic questions of malaria epidemiology, and understanding these interactions could have an important influence on the deployment [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Pathophysiology
Disease generally occurs between 45 N and 40 S ( WHO: World Malaria Report 2014 [Accessed 9 January 2018] ) Plasmodium knowlesi : usually causes malaria in monkeys ( Lancet 2004;363:1017, Trends Parasitol 2008;24:406, Emerg Infect Dis 2008;14:1434 ) Pathophysiology [pathologyoutlines.com]
thalassemia, Hb C) Infection with malaria subsequently leads to the development of specific Plasmodium antibodies that result in partial immunity for a limited amount of time (less than a year) References: [2] [1] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] Pathophysiology [amboss.com]
The pathophysiology of falciparum malaria. Pharmacol Ther. 2003;99:221-60. 23. Tripathi AK, Sullivan DJ, Stins MF. [revistabiomedica.org]
Of note, the pathophysiology of malaria does not include vasculitis or inflammatory cellular infiltration in or around the cerebral vasculature, and most patients have no evidence of cerebral edema. [infectiousdiseaseadvisor.com]
Prevention
University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York 10021, USA. 3 Key Laboratory of National Health and Family Planning Commission on Parasitic Disease Control and Prevention [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Plasmodium malariae infection does not lead to the development of hypnozoites and therefore no additional relapse prevention is needed. Sincerely Bernhard R. [ep.bmj.com]
Intermittent preventive treatment for the prevention of malaria during pregnancy in high transmission areas. Malar J. 2007 Dec 4. 6:160. [Medline]. [Full Text]. Trape JF, Tall A, Diagne N, et al. [medscape.com]