BACKGROUND: The nonspecific clinical presentation and paucibacillary nature of tuberculous pleuritis remains a challenge for diagnosis. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Pleural tuberculosis presented as multiple pleural masses: An atypical presentation Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Smt. B. K. [lungindia.com]

• Fever

  Persistent evening fever and pleural effusion led to the second diagnosis-pleural tuberculosis. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  The patient becomes acutely ill with high fever and is in danger of dying. The disease also may lead to chronic illness and slow decline. Symptoms may include fever, night sweats, and weight loss. [healthcommunities.com]

• Pain

  Contrast enhanced CT examination of a 22-year-old male with pleuritic chest pain showed pleural-based nodular thickening and masses without any parenchymal involvement or mediastinal lymphadenopathy. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Symptoms of skeletal (bone and joint) TB The most common initial symptom of bone TB is pain, but it depends on the bone or joint that is affected. [tbfacts.org]

  There was no joint pain, swelling or stiffness. [mjdrdypu.org]

• Inflammation

  Fifteen (55.6%) of 27 with pleural biopsy demonstrated chronic granulomatous inflammation with or without caseous necrosis. Of these 27 patients, PCR was positive in 12 (44.4%). [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Some arthritic conditions may cause inflammation of the pleura in addition to joint inflammation. For example, pleural effusion is an uncommon complication of rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosis (SLE). [patient.info]

• Weight Loss

  Weight loss precedes other symptoms. Exudative pleural effusion with predominant lymphocytosis is characteristic. Majority of patients have no predisposing conditions for the disease. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Symptoms may include fever, night sweats, and weight loss. It can be difficult to diagnose because the initial chest x-ray may be normal. [healthcommunities.com]

  Loss of appetite, weight loss, weakness, night sweats, and malaise are also common [4]. The most common haematologic manifestations are increases in the peripheral blood polymophonuclear leukocyte count and anaemia. [southsudanmedicaljournal.com]

  Even then the symptoms -- loss of weight, loss of energy, poor appetite, fever, a productive cough, and night sweats -- might easily be blamed on another disease. [emedicinehealth.com]

• Collapse

  Adrenal insufficiency is the inability to increase steroid production in times of stress, causing weakness and collapse. TB Meningitis M. tuberculosis can infect the meninges (the main membrane surrounding the brain and spinal cord ). [healthcommunities.com]

  A computerized tomography scan of the thorax showed left-sided pleural effusion with underlying lung collapse, no consolidation, no pericardial effusion and no mediastinal lymphadenopathy [Figure 2]. [mjdrdypu.org]

  This fluid can lead to complications such as hypoxia due to lung collapse from the fluid, or fibrothorax if scarring occurs. [en.wikipedia.org]

  Infection of the vertebral column (spine) by TB can cause collapse and fracture of the bones and/or abscess formation, which may lead to compression of the spinal cord, with drastic consequences. [medindia.net]

  Presence of calcium near an area of lung collapse may be a subtle indicator of broncholithiasis. [38] Secondary amyloidosis may also develop in this background of chronic inflammation. [ijri.org]

• Pleural Effusion

  METHODS: We analyzed pleural effusion specimens obtained from 111 patients for whom the exclusion of the possibility of tuberculous pleural effusion was necessary. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Dyspnea

  RESULTS: In total, 17 patients presented with respiratory symptoms, including dyspnea (30%), hemoptysis (20%), cough (20%), and pleuritic chest pain (15%). [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  The most common clinical features include pleuritic chest pain, dyspnea and dry cough. Constitutional symptoms may also be present and are more common in HIV positive patients. [morningreporttwh.blogspot.com]

  Case Presentation: A 61-year-old African American male with history of recent atopic dermatitis treated with topical corticosteroids presented with 4 days of fevers, night sweats and worsening exertional dyspnea. [shmabstracts.com]

  Patients with chylothoraces may resolve spontaneously, but chylothoraces require drainage if they are large and associated with dyspnea. [clinicaladvisor.com]

  Once the bacteria invade the space, the amount of fluid increases dramatically and compresses the lung, causing shortness of breath (dyspnea) and sharp chest pain that worsens with a deep breath (pleurisy). [healthcommunities.com]

• Painful Cough

  Tuberculosis can spread into the lungs and pleurae, causing symptoms such as chest pain, chronic cough, and shortness of breath. [labtestsonline.org]

  Additionally fever, chest pain, cough are seen in more than half of patients. Fatigue, night sweats, weight loss, haemoptysis, and dyspnoea are the other symptoms [ 8, 9 ]. [alliedacademies.org]

• Pleuritic Pain

  Inflammation of the lung parenchyma adjacent to a pleural surface may cause pleuritic pain. Dyspnoea is unusual unless there is extensive disease and may result in respiratory failure [11, 12]. [southsudanmedicaljournal.com]

• Pleural Disorder

  For example, pleuritis and pleural effusion may occur along with or following pneumonia. Bleeding – bleeding disorders, pulmonary embolism, or trauma can lead to blood in the pleural fluid. [labtestsonline.org]

• Nausea

  Involvement of the meninges or the brain itself may cause many symptoms and signs, including headache, nausea, vomiting, stiff neck, confusion, delirium, seizures etc. [medindia.net]

  Other symptoms were fatigue (n=15.23%), palpitations (n=14.22%), nausea and vomiting (n=8.13%). [alliedacademies.org]

• Failure to Thrive

  Children usually have pulmonary TB and the symptoms are usually a chronic cough, a fever and failure to thrive or weight loss. Children develop extra pulmonary TB (disseminated TB) more often than adults. [tbfacts.org]

• Constipation

  […] the bone and joints Pain Difficulty in daily activities Inability to maintain posture Pott’s spine, kyphosis, scoliosis Dactylitis Signs of arthritis Abdominal Tuberculosis Pain in the abdomen Fever Decreased appetite, loss of weight Nausea, vomiting Constipation [medindia.net]

• Chest Pain

  Contrast enhanced CT examination of a 22-year-old male with pleuritic chest pain showed pleural-based nodular thickening and masses without any parenchymal involvement or mediastinal lymphadenopathy. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Presentation This patient presented to the respiratory clinic with right sided pleuritic chest pains. She was otherwise well. She recalls lengthy 'chest infections' as a child in Mongolia. [radiopaedia.org]

• Hypertension

  Mycobacterial culture of three morning urine specimens establishes the diagnosis in 90 percent of patients. 37 Nephrectomy rarely is indicated for persistent flank pain or hypertension. 8 Renal function usually is preserved, except in the setting of tuberculous [aafp.org]

• Skin Ulcer

  Some skin ulcers such as fishtank ulcer and Buruli ulcer are caused by Mycobacterium marinum and Mycobacterium kansasii. [medindia.net]

• Osteoporosis

  Osteoporosis, sclerosis, and bone involvement are more common in children with TB than in adults with the disease. The epiphyseal bones can be involved because of their high vascularity. [emedicine.medscape.com]

• Stupor

  If untreated, mental status deteriorates into stupor or coma. 31 Atypical presentations include a rapid progression simulating pyogenic meningitis, subtle cognitive decline mimicking dementia, and a predominant syndrome of encephalitis. [aafp.org]

• Irritability

  The liver abscess can cause diaphragmatic irritation and a sympathetic pleural effusion can result. Antibody tests and PCR techniques are available for diagnosis. [antimicrobe.org]

Abstract We prospectively evaluated the diagnostic yield of acid-fast bacilli smear and culture for Mycobacterium tuberculosis using sputum induction (SI) in the workup of patients with suspected pleural tuberculosis (TB) who were unable to produce sputum [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Given his typical presentation of a cavitary lung lesion and exudative lymphocytic pleural effusion, further workup with pleural biopsy was pursued and showed granulomatous changes typical of pleural TB. [shmabstracts.com]

Before biologic therapy, TB workup was done. Mantoux test was negative, and chest radiography was normal. Patient was administered infliximab by intravenous infusion. Subsequent doses were planned at 2 and 6 weeks and then every 8 weeks. [jpharmacol.com]

(See Workup.) The usual treatment regimen for TB cases from fully susceptible M tuberculosis isolates consists of 6 months of multidrug therapy. [emedicine.medscape.com]

Received Date: March 22, 2014; Accepted Date: June 28, 2014; Published Date: June 30, 2014 Citation: Shital P, Gajanan H, Rujuta A (2014) Role of Nucleic Acid Amplification Tests (NAATs) in Tuberculous Pleural Effusion: Where It Fits In Routine Diagnostic Workup [omicsonline.org]

• Skin Test Positive

  In addition, men are more likely than women to have a positive tuberculin skin test result. The reason for these differences may be social, rather than biologic, in nature. [emedicine.medscape.com]

• Pleural Effusion on Chest X-Ray

  Risk of residual pleural effusion on chest X-ray was reduced by 45% at eight weeks ( RR 0.54, 95% CI 0.37 to 0.78; 237 participants, 2 trials, low certainty evidence ), and 65% at 24 weeks ( RR 0.35, 95% CI 0.18 to 0.66; 237 participants, 2 trials, low [cochrane.org]

  […] disease Exudative [ edit ] Pleural effusion Anteroposterior Chest X-ray of a pleural effusion. [en.wikipedia.org]

  There was no case of encysted pleural effusion on chest X-ray. No other significant radiological finding (e.g. Rib erosion, diaphragmatic palsy, and space occupying lesion) was noted in any of the cases. [atmph.org]

• X-Ray Abnormal

  Radiographic features Chest X-ray abnormalities are nearly always found. However in the presence of HIV infection, a normal X-ray is more common. [southsudanmedicaljournal.com]

• Chest X-Ray Abnormal

  Radiographic features Chest X-ray abnormalities are nearly always found. However in the presence of HIV infection, a normal X-ray is more common. [southsudanmedicaljournal.com]

• Pleural Effusion

  METHODS: We analyzed pleural effusion specimens obtained from 111 patients for whom the exclusion of the possibility of tuberculous pleural effusion was necessary. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Pleural Exudate

  We applied the identified CPRs to patients with pleural exudates attending two third-level hospitals in Lima, Peru, a setting with high incidence of tuberculosis. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Globally, pleural TB remains one of the most frequent causes of pleural exudates, particularly in TB-endemic areas and in the HIV positive population. [pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  […] disease Exudative [ edit ] Pleural effusion Anteroposterior Chest X-ray of a pleural effusion. [en.wikipedia.org]

  In cases with exudative pleural effusion with Lymphocyte in pleural fluid >50% and L/N ratio>0.75 with ADA Additionally Pleural fluid NAATs will have good place in routine evaluation of Tuberculous pleural effusion where resources of pleural fluid culture [omicsonline.org]

• Pleural Adhesions

  Compared with control, corticosteroids may reduce the risk of having pleural changes (such as pleural thickening or pleural adhesions), on chest X-ray at the end of follow-up by almost one third ( RR 0.72, 95% CI 0.57 to 0.92; 393 participants, 5 trials [cochrane.org]

  VATS is a favourable method in terms of removal of pleural adhesions, performing a partial decortication, the removal of the pouch, ensuring the lung expansion, minimal morbidity, pain control and patients' stress [ 16 ]. [alliedacademies.org]

We therefore recommend careful documentation of a previous history of liver disease and baseline investigation of liver function tests before initiation of treatment. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

The respiratory physiotherapy can be adjuvant on treatment of pleural effusion tuberculosis throughout of various treatment technique. [clinicaltrials.gov]

PTE has a good prognosis in children and no long term sequelae are expected. 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Atelectasis classically affects the anterior segments of the upper lobes or the medial segment of the RML · Pleura § Pleural effusion as a manifestation of primary TB occurs more often in adults than children § With appropriate treatment, it carries the best prognosis [learningradiology.com]

Expectations (prognosis) The outlook is excellent if tuberculous pleural effusion is diagnosed early and treatment is begun quickly. Complications Tuberculous pleural effusion can cause permanent lung damage if not treated early. [ufhealth.org]

What is the prognosis for patients managed in the recommended ways? The prognosis for patients with pleural effusions depends on the underlying cause. [clinicaladvisor.com]

PATIENTS: ADA activity, IFN-gamma levels, and PCR were evaluated in 140 cases of pleural effusion, 42 with confirmed pleural TB, 19 with probable pleural TB, 70 with a nontuberculous etiology, and 9 having an undetermined etiology. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Thus, in a patient with recurrent pleural effusion, rheumatoid etiology should also be kept in mind as a differential diagnosis. [mjdrdypu.org]

Staphylococcus aureus was isolated from one sample among the five effusion cases due to other etiology while in the other four cases the etiology was not established. Fungal culture was negative in all the samples. [jdrntruhs.org]

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of and trends regarding the incidence of pleural TB. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Our extensive molecular epidemiological data permitted us to investigate transmission dynamics over a considerable period. [academic.oup.com]

Pleural involvement is elevated in patient with HIV, specifically in those with higher CD4, which may point to the pathophysiology of this condition. Pleural involvement can occur in the setting of primary or reactivation TB. [morningreporttwh.blogspot.com]

Pathophysiology [ edit ] Pleural fluid is secreted by the parietal layer of the pleura and reabsorbed by the lymphatics in the most dependent parts of the parietal pleura, primarily the diaphragmatic and mediastinal regions. [en.wikipedia.org]

Case Discussion Pathophysiology Mycobacterium tuberculosis affects the pleura at different stages of pulmonary and systemic disease as the pleura can be involved in either primary or post-primary (reactivation) TB disease. [heartlandntbc.org]

Pathophysiology Infection with M tuberculosis results most commonly through exposure of the lungs or mucous membranes to infected aerosols. [emedicine.medscape.com]

Tuberculous pleural effusion: Pathogenesis and pathophysiological features. Pleural Dis 2001;4:182-6. 6. Stead WW, Eichenholz A, Strauss HK. [atmph.org]

Author information 1 Tuberculosis and Mycobacteriology Branch, Division of AIDS, STD, and TB Laboratory Research, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA. stevelawn@yahoo.co.uk Abstract This study examined the impact of the host [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

TB is a preventable disease, even in those who have been exposed to an infected person. [ufhealth.org]

الصفحة 223 - American Thoracic Society/Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/Infectious Diseases Society of America: treatment of tuberculosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2003;167:603-662. ‏ [books.google.com]