At 48h the patient presented with important clinical improvement and with normal-range laboratory results. [revistagastroenterologiamexico.org]

The presenting clinical picture may be very heterogeneous and represent a challenge for the clinician. In the present paper we describe both a common and an uncommon clinical presentation of PCI and review the pertaining literature. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Abdominal Tenderness

  Physical examination at admission revealed pronounced abdominal tenderness and abdominal mass. [bmcgastroenterol.biomedcentral.com]

  On examination, the patient was lethargic but did not have abdominal tenderness. Given her CT scan findings and a concern for sepsis, an urgent diagnostic laparoscopy was conducted. [ommegaonline.org]

  As a result of these findings, steroid therapy was renewed shortly before PCI was detected, due to a rapid deterioration in the patient's general condition in conjunction with distinct abdominal tenderness. [nature.com]

• Intestinal Disease

  Small intestine. Colon. Rectum. Anus / 002B13B03 Other diseases. Semiology Discipline Gastroenterology. Liver. Pancreas. [pascal-francis.inist.fr]

• Hyperreflexia

  Physical examination was consistent with abdominal distension and revealed hyperreflexia of the extremities. The patient had no fever nor any other remarkable finding. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Pneumoperitoneum

  PCI with pneumoperitoneum induced by α-glucosidase inhibitor is rare, with only 27 cases (excluding the present case) reported in Japan to date. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  The latter is a sign of pneumoperitoneum. (B) An upright view revealed an air-fluid level and pockets of free air under the diaphragm (arrows). [amjmed.org]

  Pneumoperitoneum occurs in these patients, usually in association with small bowel rather than large bowel pneumatosis. [link.springer.com]

  A small volume pneumoperitoneum may be present. If diffuse, it may appear to occupy large areas of the abdomen with a honeycomb pattern that appears similar to that of interstitial lung disease. [radiopaedia.org]

  After observing the pneumoperitoneum in a plain x-ray, an urgent abdominal CT scan was ordered that showed free intraperitoneal gas, mainly in the left flank, and thickening of the duodenum suggestive of peptic origin. [revistagastroenterologiamexico.org]

• Cytopenia

  The biochemical tests revealed cytopenia due to AA and no obvious abnormality in stool culture for pathogens. Blood cultures were also negative. Computer tomography (CT) examination showed no portal venous gas embolism (Fig. 2c). [bmcgastroenterol.biomedcentral.com]

• Ovarian Mass

  CT showed massive hydrops of abdominal cavity, multiple intraluminal gas pockets in the rectum and ovarian mass (Fig. 2g), which was limited to the ovarian surface without invasion. [bmcgastroenterol.biomedcentral.com]

• Lymphocytic Infiltrate

  Histological examination revealed normal villi with a mild, non significant, lymphocytic infiltrate (below 25%) consistent with a celiac disease in remission responding to gluten free diet. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Alexander J found that surgical treatment of PCI patients with PVG could decrease the risk of death as compared to other PCI patients, so he recommended that surgical treatment was needed if the patient was not responsive to conservative treatment or [bmcgastroenterol.biomedcentral.com]

The patient started prednisone treatment, but one month later treatment with voglibose, an alpha-glucosidase inhibitor (alpha-GI), was started because of prednisone-induced diabetes mellitus. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

The variety of treatments reflect the poor knowledge regarding the complications of this disease. [peertechzpublications.com]

Normobaric oxygen treatment lasting six to ten days, has the advantage of being noninvasive, but does expose the patient to pulmonary oxygen toxicity. Recurrence following treatment is positive. [medigoo.com]

Pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis and hepatic portal venous gas suggests the presence of severe bowel ischemia associated with a very poor prognosis. An appropriate treatment should be performed immediately. top of page [minervamedica.it]

[…] mimic the appearance of pneumatosis on conventional radiographs CT will show air in bowel wall on dependent surface in pneumatosis Air in the lumen should rise to the highest non-dependent part of lumen Treatment None is usually needed for primary form Prognosis [learningradiology.com]

Long-term follow-up of patients with PCI will facilitate understanding of the disease prognosis. [bmcgastroenterol.biomedcentral.com]

There are 6 cases of PCI with varied causes encountered, in which the etiology, endoscopic features, treatment methods and prognosis of patients were studied. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Two features of PCI have been described in the literature—cystic circumferential gas is associated with good prognosis, and linear gas is associated with poor prognosis [ 2, 11 ]. [surgicalcasereports.springeropen.com]

There are 6 cases of PCI with varied causes encountered, in which the etiology, endoscopic features, treatment methods and prognosis of patients were studied. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

PCI is a rare entity characterized by the presence of multiple cysts in the wall of the gastrointestinal tract that are filled with air.1 Its precise etiology has not been clearly established nor is there a typical clinical presentation. [revistagastroenterologiamexico.org]

Although the exact etiology of PCI remains obscure, clinicians believe that it has a multifactorial etiology that could explain the cyst formation and the abnormal accumulation of gas into them. Several theories have been suggested. [peertechzpublications.com]

Scleroderma epidemiology. (2003) Rheum Dis Clin North Am 29(2): 239-254. 2. Gompels, B.M. Pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis associated with progressive systemic sclerosis. (1969) Br J Radiol 42(501): 701-703 3. [ommegaonline.org]

Patients with Systemic Sclerosis: A Case Report and Review of 39 Japanese Cases. ( 27651961 ) Kaneko M....Watanabe T. 2016 28 A Case of Intussusception Associated with Pneumatosis Cystoides Intestinalis. ( 27721738 ) Fujiya T....Tadokoro K. 2016 29 Epidemiological [malacards.org]

Pneumatosis Intestinalis Predictive Evaluation Study (PIPES): A multicenter epidemiologic study of the Eastern Association for the Surgery of Trauma. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2013; 75 (1): 15-23[ DOI ][ PubMed ] 2. Galandiuk S, Fazio VW. [colorectalresearch.com]

They also found no studies on epidemiology or randomised control trials on PCI. [surgicalcasereports.springeropen.com]

Epidemiology and clinical features of Cryptosporidium infection in immunocompromised patients. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2002;15(1):145-154. 19. Marigold JH. Pneumatosis cystoides coli and chloral hydrate. Gut. 1998;42(6):899-900. 20. Florin TH. [consultant360.com]

The pathophysiology is incompletely understood. [nejm.org]

The pathophysiology is incompletely understood and is probably multifactorial in nature. PCI is a known but rare complication of systemic scleroderma, and the aetiology of PCI in patients with scleroderma is not fully understood. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Discussion Although more than a century has passed since the original description by Bang 12 of PCI in a human setting the underlying pathophysiology remains unclear. [nature.com]

Disadvantages of normobaric oxygen treatment are that excessive amounts of 100% oxygen are required to be inhaled for prolonged periods and this may produce pulmonary oxygen toxicity Keywords pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis pneumoperitoneum pathophysiology [link.springer.com]

Prevention of bacterial endocarditis. ‏ [books.google.com]

Surgery neither resolves PCI secondary to SSc nor does it prevent its recurrence. Several lessons emerge from these two cases. SSc in older adults is rare, but may be more severe and progressive when present. [ommegaonline.org]

It is likely that cysts prevented any increase of intrarectal pressure, particularly which followed the arrival of stools into the rectal ampulla. [em-consulte.com]

The chemical theory, named also as nutritional deficiency theory, underlines that malnutrition can prevent the digestion of carbohydrates and increase bacterial fermentation in the intestine, producing large volumes of gas with distention and ischemia [peertechzpublications.com]