The great r numbers of Snakebite victim in Kenya take hours to days before they present in hospital and this increases the morbidity and mortality of those affected. [erepository.uonbi.ac.ke]

Two styles of presentation have been adopted. Certain topics are discussed in depth either because of their clinical importance or because recent data have become available concerning pathophysiology or treatment. [books.google.com]

This special vomeronasal organ detects pheromones and other chemical signals, and is used to determine what is present within the snake’s immediate environment. Poorer world without me The snake is a biological controller. [sanbi.org]

They don't present themselves, generally, until 24 - 48 hours following the bite. Bleeding from mucous membranes is usually the first symptom to show up. This is followed by widespread subcutaneous and sub-fascial bleeding. [ask.extension.org]

[MUSIC PLAYING] IRA FLATOW: Snakes, snakes, you know, they’re not the usual Halloween fair, but our next story is presented for your consideration is a grizzly cross between a Rod Serling tale and an Edgar Allan Poe short story, except it’s all true. [sciencefriday.com]

• Animal Bite

  Animal Bites Also called: Cat bites, Dog bites Wild animals usually avoid people. They might attack, however, if they feel threatened, are sick, or are protecting their young or territory. Attacks by pets are more common. [icdlist.com]

  Venom, like all salivary secretions, is a pre-digestant that initiates the breakdown of food into soluble compounds allowing for proper digestion, and even "non-venomous" snake bites (like any animal bite) will cause tissue damage (Mehrtens 1987, 209) [newworldencyclopedia.org]

  Many say it could be the worst of any sting or animal bite. Some have been known to go into shock as a result. Also, the poison can cut off airways. It can kill you if the antivenom is not given soon. [oddee.com]

• Gangrene

  […] cause anaphylactic shock. (6) Cut the wound, (2) since it causes further damage and increases the risk of infection. (5) Then the venom will spread more rapidly (6) Apply a tourniquet.(2) Uninformed tourniquet use can cut off circulation can lead to gangrene [yourownvet.com]

  The dangers of tourniquets include the development of ischaemia and gangrene if they are applied for more than about 1½ hours. • Since species diagnosis is important, the dead snake should be taken along to hospital. [cmej.org.za]

  Tourniquets or cryotherapy, if used for extended periods may lead to gangrene. The most important first aid measure is rapid transport to comprehensive medical care. [link.springer.com]

• Dysphagia

  Clinical features After initial pain and the development of local swelling, paraesthesiae of the tongue and lips, blurring of vision and the loss of the sense of smell (anosmia) and taste, and dysphagia develop, often within 2 - 3 hours of the bite. [cmej.org.za]

  Systemic neuromuscular manifestations may be delayed for 12 h and include weakness and lethargy; altered sensorium (eg, euphoria, drowsiness); cranial nerve palsies causing ptosis, diplopia, blurred vision, dysarthria, and dysphagia; increased salivation [merckmanuals.com]

  The early signs of gastrointestinal disturbance (3–6 hours) may progress to include numbness of mouth and digits, visual disturbance, dysphagia, neuromuscular weakness and, in severe cases, a potentially fatal respiratory paralysis. [jnnp.bmj.com]

• Thrombosis

  Thrombosis et Diathesis Haemorrhagica 12: 355–367, 1964 PubMed Google Scholar Ouyang C, Teng CM. The effects of the purified thrombin-like and anticoagulant principles of Agkistrodon acutus venom on blood coagulation in vivo. [link.springer.com]

  Seminars in Thrombosis and Hemostasis; pp. 093–103. [PubMed] [Google Scholar] 29. Tans G., Rosing J. Snake venom activators of factor X: An overview. Pathophysiol. Haemost. Thromb. 2002;31:225–233. doi: 10.1159/000048067. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Petechiae

  The liver and kidneys generally show signs of fatty degeneration, and petechiae and ecchy moses are found in similar situations to those mentioned in connection with cobra-bites, but those resulting from viperine bites are generally more numerous and [booksupstairs.com]

• Visual Impairment

  Long term poisoning causes burning pains in the hands and feet, a numbing sensation throughout the body, swelling and skin irritations, hair loss, weight loss, cramps, vomiting, nausea, visual impairment, and eventually heart failure. [fmwriters.com]

• Agitation

  Active during the day, the snake is known to be easily agitated and highly aggressive. As a warning sign, the snake will make an S shape when ready to strike. [playbuzz.com]

  It didn’t take long for the agitated animal to decide it had had enough manhandling. “I took it from Dr. [blogs.discovermagazine.com]

  Although like most snakes it displays an aggressive behavior when approached or cornered, rearing up its coiled fore-body in anticipation of a strike, this particular example proved rather friendly when handled carefully taking care as not to agitate [bsp.com.bn]

  Cobras are distinguished by their large hoods which are spread when the snake is agitated. It is a slender, nervous snake that readily defends itself by biting. It spreads a large hood. [seanthomas.net]

• Flaccid Paralysis

  Clinical features Neurotoxicity is characterised by progressive, descending flaccid paralysis. [cmej.org.za]

  The specific function selected for the case of elapid snakes, which feed on sleeping lizards, is caused by alpha-neurotoxins, which antagonistically bind to the post-synaptic nicotinic acetylcholine receptor to produce flaccid paralysis [7]. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

The doctor treats breathing problems, shock, and/or immediately life-threatening injuries even before a full workup is complete. The wound needs to be examined and cleaned. [webmd.com]

The doctor treats breathing problems, shock, and/or immediately life-threatening injuries even before a full workup is complete. The wound will be examined and cleaned. [emedicinehealth.com]

The purpose of this book is to provide an up-to-date account of the diag nosis and treatment of all the clinically important poisons. [books.google.com]

Treatment for this condition includes the injection of adrenalin. KNOWN SYMPTOMS OF OVERDOSAGE AND PARTICULARS OF ITS TREATMENT: None. Treat symptomatically. PRESENTATION: 10 mL Ampoules packed singly. STORAGE INSTRUCTIONS: Store at 2° C to 10° C. [home.intekom.com]

The high cost of antivenom isn’t the only problem with the treatment: because relatively few people need the treatment compared to some other illnesses, pharmaceutical companies tend to put antivenom on the back burner. [smithsonianmag.com]

(five), and intravenous immunoglobulin treatment and antivenom (one). [journals.plos.org]

Post View 1 Comment Snake Bite - Medical Treatment What treatment did you receive for your snake bite? Post CONTINUE SCROLLING FOR RELATED ARTICLE [emedicinehealth.com]

Snakebite Prognosis and Outcomes Although the vast majority of victims bitten by venomous snakes in the United States do very well, predicting the prognosis in any individual case can be difficult. [emedicinehealth.com]

227 treatment, idiopathic, treatment, 227 prognosis, 228 in systemic diseases, treatment, 227 infection-induced, 135 prognosis, 227 treatment, 227 acute nephritic diseases, causes, 94-5 clinical picture, 94, 96-7 definition, 93 diagnosis, 97 pathophysiology [docplayer.net]

Outlook Although the vast majority of victims bitten by venomous snakes in the United States do very well, predicting the prognosis in any individual case can be difficult. [webmd.com]

The prognosis of phosphorus poisoning is unfavourable. Treatment. The stomach should be emptied, if necessary by the tube. Copper sulphate is used both as an emetic and antidote. [booksupstairs.com]

Loco disease is common in Colorado and Montana, and as with lathyrism the etiology is obscure, but no doubt is felt that the disease is caused by leguminous plants of the Astragalus species. [booksupstairs.com]

Epidemiology of human encounters with the spitting cobra, Naja nigricollis, in the Malumfashi area of northern Nigeria. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 74(5): 523–530. View Article Google Scholar 23. [journals.plos.org]

The epidemiology of snakebite in Northern Natal. S Afr Med J 1982;62:206-212. Davidson RA. Case of African Cobra bite. Brit Med J1970;4:660. Hardy DL. [cmej.org.za]

Certain topics are discussed in depth either because of their clinical importance or because recent data have become available concerning pathophysiology or treatment. [books.google.com]

The pathophysiological mechanisms of the venom are different with every snake, resulting in different clinical manifestations with every patient.[12] The snakes of South Africa: their venom and the treatment of snake bite by F. W. [en.wikipedia.org]

Venomous Reptiles and Their Toxins: Evolution, Pathophysiology and Biodiscovery. Oxford University Press; New York, NY, USA: 2015. pp. 281–290. [Google Scholar] 60. Schneider C.A., Rasband W.S., Eliceiri K.W. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

[…] diagnosis, 119, 121, due to hepatorenal syndrome, due to nephrotic syndrome, 107 general features, 117 hemoglobinuric, ischemic, myoglobinuric, prevention, 221 prognosis, 222 treatment, 222 nephrotoxic, prevention, prognosis, treatment, pathology, 118 pathophysiology [docplayer.net]

Jeevagan V, Katulanda P, Gnanathasan CA, Warrell DA (2013) Acute pituitary insufficiency and hypokalaemia following envenoming by Russell's viper (Daboia russelii) in Sri Lanka: Exploring the pathophysiological mechanisms. Toxicon 63: 78–82. [journals.plos.org]

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Animal bites - self-care (Medical Encyclopedia) Jellyfish stings (Medical Encyclopedia) Marine animal stings or bites (Medical Encyclopedia) Snake bites (Medical Encyclopedia) [ Read More ] [icdlist.com]

The vipers strike low and most of their bit s can be prevented by the wearing of boots or shoes. First id in the form of a tourniquet is of no value in viper bites. Two other vipers are worth of note. [erepository.uonbi.ac.ke]

Continued Prevention The snake is almost always more scared of you than you are of the snake. Giving the snake the opportunity to escape prevents most bites. Do not attempt to handle, capture, or tease venomous snakes or snakes of unknown identity. [webmd.com]

These venoms are typically fast acting on nerve tissue and neurotransmitters, often degrading neurotransmitters or depolarizing the axonal membrane for long periods of time, thereby preventing nervous impulses from being conducted. [jrscience.wcp.muohio.edu]

Preventing Snakebites The snake is almost always more scared of the human, than the human is of the snake, it is assumed because giving the snake the opportunity to escape prevents most bites. [emedicinehealth.com]