Venoms themselves have occasional medicinal uses; for example, some are used as painkillers in cases of arthritis or cancer, and some serve as coagulants for people with hemophilia. [cobras.org]

Serum sickness causes fevers, joint aches, itching, swollen lymph nodes, and fatigue, but it is not life threatening. [webmd.com]

Systemic manifestations of envenomation can include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, diaphoresis, anxiety, confusion, spontaneous bleeding, fever, chest pain, difficulty breathing, paresthesias, hypotension, and shock. [merckmanuals.com]

If venom is absorbed into the lymphatic system and then the systemic circulation it will cause a widespread inflammatory reaction leading to symptoms such as lethargy, fever, increased heart and respiratory rates, drooling, vomiting and a wobbly gait [chartervets.com]

Rinkhals are nocturnal, but may occasionally be seen basking during the day. (9) Symptoms of bites are local swelling / bruising, drowsiness, nausea, vomiting, violent abdominal pain and a mild fever. Difficulty breathing may be seen. [yourownvet.com]

Necrosis (tissue death) of skin, connective tissue and muscles is an evident risk. general symptoms: increasing grogginess, vomiting, respiratory difficulties, fever, falling blood pressure and shock. [netdoctor.co.uk]

Drawing on the vast expertise of the authors--law enforcement agents and physicians with robust experience in the realm of criminal poisoning--Criminal Poisoning: Clinical and Forensic Perspectives covers the illegal use of poisons to harm people and [books.google.de]

[…] to the The European Association of Poisons Centres and Clinical Toxicologists (EAPCCT) was founded in 1964 by a group of physicians and scientists with the specific goal of advancing knowledge and understanding of the diagnosis and treatment of all forms [eapcct.org]

They usually are able to give advice on physicians with experience of handling snake envenomation. You may ask the treating physician to consult with such a person. [seanthomas.net]

Association of Physicians, India Conference, Madhura, 1987 Google Scholar Markland FS, Pirkle H. Biological activities and biochemical properties of thrombin-like enzymes from snake venoms. In Lunbard R et al. [link.springer.com]

A snakebite victim (particularly a rattlesnake bite) should, for the first few weeks, warn his or her physician of this fact before any routine or emergency surgery. [emedicinehealth.com]

When to see March – October Facts The adder is Britain’s only venomous snake, but its poison is generally of little danger to humans: an adder bite can be very painful and cause a nasty inflammation, but despite stories is really only dangerous to the [scottishwildlifetrust.org.uk]

This can cause severe inflammation and painful spasm of the eyelid. If left untreated it may progress to inflammation of the cornea and ulcer formation, which may cause blindness. [africanxmag.com]

This swelling is not just inflammation but also accumulation of blood from leaking and damaged blood vessels and dead damaged red blood cells. This can lead to shock due to loss of blood volume. Dogs are generally bitten about the face and neck. [bronberger.co.za]

Animals poisoned by hydrocyanic acid or Java beans do not show inflammation. [booksupstairs.com]

The simultaneous occurrence of both hypercoagulability and hypofibrinolysis in blood and serum during systemic inflammation, and the roles of iron and fibrin(ogen). Integrative Biology 7, 24–52, doi: 10.1039/C4IB00173G (2015). 32. [nature.com]

Due to a host of problems, these populations are probably still declining despite rigorous efforts to protect them. [masnakes.org]

Post - mortem reveals the appearances of asphyxia, rigor mortis is characteristic, but its absence is not a decisively negative sign. The feet, or in birds, the claws, are generally in curved, and the muscles of the jaws are rigid. Treatment. [booksupstairs.com]

In conjunction with the typical cytotoxic effects inflicted by a significant puff adder bite (e.g. progressive soft tissue swelling), it is also of vital importance to determine if coagulation parameters, erythrocytes (RBCs) and particularly platelet [nature.com]

Patients with coagulopathy typically hemorrhage from the bite site or from venipuncture sites or mucous membranes, with epistaxis, gingival bleeding, hematemesis, hematochezia, hematuria, or a combination. [merckmanuals.com]

Uneasiness, nausea, vomiting, and eructation ensue, with fever, thirst, and abdominal pain. In the second phase jaundice, nervous effects, delirium, convulsions, and coma precede death. [booksupstairs.com]

Kauffeld (1969) mentions that specimens can be maintained for years on only one meal per week, but that when offered all they can eat, the result is often death, or at best wholesale regurgitation. [9] They are bad-tempered snakes and some specimens never [en.wikipedia.org]

He said: “I was paralysed, my blood started to clot and I couldn’t speak, I was foaming at the mouth. [thesun.co.uk]

Circulatory Shock : Hypotension and bradycardia are frequent complications of Puff Adder bites. [toxicology.ucsd.edu]

Hypovolemia: Later, blood and fluids pool in the microcirculation, causing hypotension, lactic acidemia, shock, and, in severe cases, multisystem organ failure. [merckmanuals.com]

Shocked, hypotensive patients should be given intravenous fluids. [cmej.org.za]

Any dog or cat presented within 24 hr of a snakebite showing signs of crotalid envenomation requires intensive treatment, starting with IV crystalloids to combat hypotension. [merckvetmanual.com]

Hypotension, together with weakness, dizziness and periods of semi- or unconsciousness is also reported. [3] If not treated carefully, necrosis will spread, causing skin, subcutaneous tissue and muscle to separate from healthy tissue and eventually slough [en.wikipedia.org]

Symptoms of shock include: faintness or collapsing pale, cold, clammy skin sweating rapid, shallow breathing weakness and dizziness blindness feeling sick and possibly vomiting drowsiness or loss of consciousness After calling an ambulance, lay the person [nhs.uk]

clammy skin. [2] [14] Television, literature, and folklore are in part responsible for the hype surrounding snakebites, and people may have unwarranted thoughts of imminent death. [en.wikipedia.org]

Patients with coagulopathy typically hemorrhage from the bite site or from venipuncture sites or mucous membranes, with epistaxis, gingival bleeding, hematemesis, hematochezia, hematuria, or a combination. [merckmanuals.com]

Bleeding usually manifests as gingival bleeding, epistaxis, purpura, haematemesis, melaena, haematuria, extensive ecchymoses, and in severe cases, subarachnoid or intracerebral haemorrhage. [cmej.org.za]

Other symptoms of snake bites in children may include dilation of the pupils, shock and seizures. In addition, they may experience uncontrolled shuddering or tremors and their speech may become slurred. [herbs2000.com]

(d) Motor symptoms comprise: trembling, quivering, cramp, stiffness or twisting of the neck, locking of jaws, epileptiform or convulsive seizures, paralysis of the hind or all the limbs, loss of feeling or great irritability of the skin. [booksupstairs.com]