Newborns with polycythemia neonatorum have nonspecific findings, related most often to the central nervous and respiratory systems: irritability or lethargy, hypotonia, seizures, tremor or jitters [1], motor delay and respiratory distress, tachypnea, apnea, and cyanosis. However, some remain asymptomatic [2]. Neurologic suffering is caused by low cerebral blood flow and impaired tissue metabolism due to hypoglycemia and hypocalcemia [3] [4]. Respiratory abnormalities are due to reduced pulmonary blood flow and increased pulmonary resistance, which can lead to hypoxia [5]. Poor feeding may be a consequence of the increased respiratory effort, recurrent vomiting or heart failure. Abdominal distension can sometimes be observed. Debate exists on whether necrotizing enterocolitis, seen in some newborn polycythemia cases, is caused by the blood abnormality itself or by its treatment.

Clinical examination may also reveal plethora, signs of heart failure, transient arterial hypertension and genitourinary abnormalities: oliguria, hematuria, and priapism. Peripheral gangrene and testicular infarctions are seldom noticed.

Neonatal polycythemia often occurs in children with ABO or Rh incompatibility. In this case, jaundice is observed and whether it is due to the polycythemia (and breakdown of a high number of red blood cells) or the blood type incompatibility is hard to determine.

• Sepsis

  […] due to Escherichia coli [E. coli] A4152Sepsis due to Pseudomonas A4153Sepsis due to Serratia A4159Other Gram-negative sepsis A4181Sepsis due to Enterococcus A4189Other specified sepsis A419Sepsis, unspecified organism A427Actinomycotic sepsis A482Nonpneumonic [cms.gov]

  6 months) (Medical Encyclopedia) Failure to thrive (Medical Encyclopedia) Hemorrhagic disease of the newborn (Medical Encyclopedia) Hyperglycemia - infants (Medical Encyclopedia) Neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (Medical Encyclopedia) Neonatal sepsis [icdlist.com]

  The neonatal pathology associated with neonatal hypoglycemia is, in order of frequency: prenatal hypoxia, hypothermia, respiratory distress, sepsis, neonatal shock, and policitemia. [tmj.ro]

  葡萄球菌所致之新生兒敗血症 P3639 Sepsis of newborn due to other staphylococci 其他葡萄球菌所致之新生兒敗血症 P364 Sepsis of newborn due to Escherichia coli 大腸桿菌所致之新生兒敗血症 P365 Sepsis of newborn due to anaerobes 厭氧菌所致之新生兒敗血症 P368 Other bacterial sepsis of newborn 新生兒其他細菌性敗血症 P369 [csh.org.tw]

• Fever

  Brain Tumor) Epicondylitis - Lateral (Tennis Elbow) Epidemic Arthritic Erythema (Rat-Bite Fever) Epidemic Parotitis (Mumps) Epidemic Typhus (Typhus) Epidermal Cyst (Sebaceous Cyst) Epidermoid Cyst (Sebaceous Cyst) Epidermolysis Bullosa Epidermolysis [ezesauna.com]

  Partial thromboplastin time (PTT) (Medical Encyclopedia) Prothrombin time (PT) (Medical Encyclopedia) [ Read More ] Uncommon Infant and Newborn Problems It can be scary when your baby is sick, especially when it is not an everyday problem like a cold or a fever [icdlist.com]

  Pediatric allergies&asthma • Allergic rhinitis • Atopic dermatitis • A variety of pediatric immune rheumatism View profile LANGUAGES SPOKEN： • English • Chinese Pediatrics SPECIALTY/PRACTICE AREAS： • General pediatric • Neonatal infectious Diseases • Fever [english.tmuh.org.tw]

  ] A484Brazilian purpuric fever A488Other specified bacterial diseases A4901Methicillin susceptible Staphylococcus aureus infection, unspecified site A4902Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection, unspecified site A491Streptococcal infection [cms.gov]

  痙攣 Croup 嘶哮 Cystitis 膀胱炎 Dermatophytosis of the body 體部之髮癬菌病 Disorder of metabolism 新陳代謝失調症 Down's syndrome 唐氏症候群 Duodenal ulcer 十二指腸潰瘍 Epilepsy 癲癇 Epistaxis 鼻血 Erysipelas 丹毒 Erythematosquamous dermatosis 紅斑鱗狀皮膚病 Fetal and neonatal jaundice 胎兒及新生兒 黃疸 Fever [money511.com]

• Crying

  Brief resolved unexplained event -- BRUE (Medical Encyclopedia) Crying - excessive (0-6 months) (Medical Encyclopedia) Failure to thrive (Medical Encyclopedia) Hemorrhagic disease of the newborn (Medical Encyclopedia) Hyperglycemia - infants (Medical [icdlist.com]

  […] or active withdrawal Activity (muscle tone, movement) No movement, limp body Some flexion Active motion, flexion Respirations None Weak cry, irregular/slow/weak breathing or gasping Regular breathing, strong cry APGAR: Appearance, Pulse, Grimace, Activity [amboss.com]

  But a baby with this condition may have skin that looks red, especially while the baby is crying. This is often the first sign of a problem. The baby may also have a bluish color around his or her lips (cyanosis). [saintlukeskc.org]

  Moro, grasp, suck, cry, Babinski? Evidence of neural tube abnormalities? Detailed Newborn Examination General Measure and record height, weight, and head circumference. [intranet.tdmu.edu.ua]

  Hypothyroidism 2 nd wk of life, motteled skin, coars face,larg tongue,hourse cry Hypoglycemia, hyponatremia, small genitalia Hypopituitarism Infants of diabetic mothers polycythemia /immaturity glucuronyl transferase enzyme system 21. [pt.slideshare.net]

• Trisomy 21

  Polycythemia is more common in newborns of IUGR, perinatal asphyxia, trisomy 21,twin pregnancy, delayed cord clamping and congenital adrenal hyperplasia. [worldwidejournals.com]

  These defects are not usually apparent at the doctor's examination... read more ), Down syndrome Down Syndrome (Trisomy 21) Down syndrome is a chromosome disorder caused by an extra chromosome 21 that results in intellectual disability and physical abnormalities [msdmanuals.com]

  Genetics disorders Genetic conditions that increase fetal erythropoiesis include the following: Trisomy 13 Trisomy 18 Trisomy 21 Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome Hypertransfusion Polycythemia-hyperviscosity could also be secondary to increased blood volume [emedicine.medscape.com]

  Chromosomal abnormalities (including Turner’s syndrome, trisomy 18, trisomy 21): Certain chromosomal abnormalities are associated with a paucity of intrahepatic bile ducts, resulting in cholestasis. [pathophys.org]

• Short Stature

  In long term follow-up, when a patient with short stature is referred to pediatric endocrinology, it is important to know whether the patient was born SGA or not in terms of both investigating the etiology of short stature and growth hormone treatment [frontiersin.org]

• Stridor

  肺炎 Preterm immaturity 早產兒 Redundant prepuce and phimosis 包皮過長及包莖 Routine general medical examination at a health care facility 在保健機構的一般常規醫學檢查 Shigellosis 志賀桿菌病 Shock 休克 Speech disturbance 語言障礙 Sprains and strains 拉傷 Streptococcal sore throat 鏈球菌性咽喉炎 Stridor [money511.com]

  Direct laryngoscopic examination is necessary to make the diagnosis and to distinguish vocal cord paralysis from other causes of respiratory distress and stridor in the newborn. [intranet.tdmu.edu.ua]

• Common Cold

  Therapeutic Phlebotomy for the Common Cold Lee and colleagues (2017) stated that many people experience the common cold, but there is currently no special treatment. [aetna.com]

• Failure to Thrive

  Brief resolved unexplained event -- BRUE (Medical Encyclopedia) Crying - excessive (0-6 months) (Medical Encyclopedia) Failure to thrive (Medical Encyclopedia) Hemorrhagic disease of the newborn (Medical Encyclopedia) Hyperglycemia - infants (Medical [icdlist.com]

  […] to thrive, urosepsis, poor urinary stream, and straining or grunting while voiding Appearance of erythema toxicum Multiple erythematous macules and papules (1 to 3 mm in diameter) that rapidly progress to pustules on an erythematous base Marijuana use [brainscape.com]

  […] to gain weight, failure to thrive) 缺乏預期正常生理發育，生長遲緩 Ill-defined conditions 其他診斷欠明之病態 Accidental fall 意外墜落 Vaccine against viral hepatitis B b型肝炎 預防注射 Routine infant or child health check 嬰幼兒例行之健康檢查 Observation for suspected condition, newborn 新生兒可疑病態之觀察 [money511.com]

  […] to thrive Multifactorial causes Tachycardia, fever Infection causing cholestasis Diagnosis Am Fam Physician. 2002 Feb 15; 65 ( 4 ):599-606. [pathophys.org]

  ("failure to thrive"), etc. [uihc.org]

• Nausea

  and Ankle Swelling) Edema (Swelling) Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome Ehrlichiosis Elbow Pain Elevated Temperature (Fever) Emboli (Blood Clots) Embolism - Renal Artery (Acute Arterial Occlusion - Kidney) Embryonal Rhabdomyosarcoma (Rhabdomyosarcoma) Emesis (Nausea [ezesauna.com]

• Jaundice

  […] from other and unspecified hepatocellular damage P59.20 Neonatal jaundice from unspecified hepatocellular damage P59.29 Neonatal jaundice from other hepatocellular damage P59.3 Neonatal jaundice from breast milk inhibitor P59.8 Neonatal jaundice from [icd10data.com]

  Yea... 762 x 529 jpeg 133kB pic source Neonatal Jaundice 1 638 x 479 jpeg 75kB pic source Jaundice charts - Neon... 1242 x 864 jpeg 252kB pic source Neonatal Jaundice 1 638 x 479 jpeg 87kB pic source Candidiasis symptoms m... 236 x 177 jpeg 10kB pic [mnogolok.info]

  […] for signs of worsening Pathological jaundice · Clinical jaundice detected < 24 hrs of age · Rise in TSB by > 5 mg/ dl/ day ( >86 umol/l/day) · TSB > 15 mg/ dl ( > 257 umol/l) · Clinical jaundice persisting > 14 Ds · Clay/white colored stool and/or dark [pt.slideshare.net]

  Breast milk jaundice : Distinct from breastfeeding jaundice, breast milk jaundice develops in the second week of life, lasts longer than physiologic jaundice, and has no other identifiable cause. [pathophys.org]

• Neonatal Jaundice

  jaundice from other and unspecified hepatocellular damage P59.20 Neonatal jaundice from unspecified hepatocellular damage P59.29 Neonatal jaundice from other hepatocellular damage P59.3 Neonatal jaundice from breast milk inhibitor P59.8 Neonatal jaundice [icd10data.com]

  Yea... 762 x 529 jpeg 133kB pic source Neonatal Jaundice 1 638 x 479 jpeg 75kB pic source Jaundice charts - Neon... 1242 x 864 jpeg 252kB pic source Neonatal Jaundice 1 638 x 479 jpeg 87kB pic source Candidiasis symptoms m... 236 x 177 jpeg 10kB pic [mnogolok.info]

  […] neonatorum (L00)| staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome (L00)| P58.3 Neonatal jaundice due to polycythemia P61.1 Polycythemia neonatorum P83.0 Sclerema neonatorum P83.8 Other specified conditions of integument specific to newborn Inclusion: Bronze baby [codelay.com]

  jaundice due to other excessive hemolysis 其他過量溶血所致之新生兒黃疸 P580 Neonatal jaundice due to bruising 瘀傷所致之新生兒黃疸 P581 Neonatal jaundice due to bleeding 出血所致之新生兒黃疸 P582 Neonatal jaundice due to infection 感染所致之新生兒黃疸 P583 Neonatal jaundice due to polycythemia [csh.org.tw]

• Scleral Icterus

  The most notable signs of hyperbilirubinemia are jaundice and scleral icterus. Jaundice refers to yellowing of the skin, which can be seen by blanching the skin with digital pressure. [pathophys.org]

• Cyanosis

  Cyanosis comes later with 2 (6.45%) and poor feeding 1 (3.22%). [itmedicalteam.pl]

  […] pol·y·cy·the·mi·a ve·ra [MIM*263300] a chronic form of polycythemia of unknown cause; characterized by bone marrow hyperplasia, an increase in blood volume as well as in the number of red blood cells, redness or cyanosis of the skin, and splenomegaly. [medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com]

  […] with polycythemia neonatorum have nonspecific findings, related most often to the central nervous and respiratory systems: irritability or lethargy, hypotonia, seizures, tremor or jitters, motor delay and respiratory distress, tachypnea, apnea, and cyanosis [symptoma.com]

  Frequent signs and symptoms included "feeding problems" (21.8%), plethora (20.0%), lethargy (14.5%), cyanosis (14.5%), respiratory distress (9.1%), jitteriness (7.3%), and hypotonia (7.3%). [pediatrics.aappublications.org]

  Tachypnea, mild cyanosis, plethoric skin color, and neurological depression persisted on average for 30 h after birth. Chest X-rays showed mild cardiomegaly, pulmonary congestion and edema, and pleural effusions. [karger.com]

• Tachycardia

  […] syndrome I2789Other specified pulmonary heart diseases I279Pulmonary heart disease, unspecified P2938Other persistent fetal circulation PDX Collection 1029 P2981Cardiac arrest of newborn PDX Collection 1030 P290Neonatal cardiac failure P2911Neonatal tachycardia [cms.gov]

  Many patients may require the same volume of normal saline to be given over an hour a 2nd time for tachycardia while their blood volume equilibrates. The push-pull method has been associated with an increased risk of NEC. [uihc.org]

  Other manifestations like hypotonia, sleepiness, irritability, jitteriness, tachycardia and cyanosis may be seen in some babies [10,11]. [itmedicalteam.pl]

  […] disease Cholestasis (Impaired excretion) Jaundice Accumulation of conjugated bilirubin Hepatomegaly Obstruction of hepatic outflow ducts Pale stool Lack of stercobilin (which normally gives feces its dark colour) Failure to thrive Multifactorial causes Tachycardia [pathophys.org]

• Lip Cyanosis

  The baby may also have a bluish color around his or her lips (cyanosis). The baby may also temporarily stop breathing (apnea), not feed well, or have low blood sugar (hypoglycemia). [saintlukeskc.org]

• Petechiae

  His skin is pink with a few facial petechiae. He moves all extremities well. His Moro reflex is intact. His grasp response is symmetrical. His suck reflex is strong. [elearning.sumdu.edu.ua]

  Skin findings ( bruising /petechia … etc hmrg) Wt compared to birth wt & hydratin Dysmorphic features CVS examination for sign of anemia / murmur Abd. hepatosplenomegaly or masses Neurological examination Exam. [pt.slideshare.net]

  膿皮症 Local infection of skin and subcutaneous tissue 局部皮膚及皮下組織感染 Seborrheic dermatitis 脂漏性皮膚炎 Diaper rash 尿布疹 Dermatitis, eczema 皮膚炎，濕疹 Prickly heat (heat rash, miliaria rubra, miliaria crystallina) 熱疹 (痱子) Cutaneous hemorrhage (bruising, ecchymoses, petechiae [money511.com]

  Table 1: Mechanism of Presenting Signs and Symptoms based on Disease Process Disease Process/Mechanism Sign/Symptom Mechanism Hemolytic State Jaundice Accumulation of unconjugated bilirubin Petechiae Concomitant thrombocytopenia occurs in some cases Increased [pathophys.org]

  Umbilical hemorrhage after birth Slipped umbilical ligature 772.4 Gastrointestinal hemorrhage Excludes: swallowed maternal blood (777.3) 772.5 Adrenal hemorrhage 772.6 Cutaneous hemorrhage Bruising in fetus or newborn Ecchymoses in fetus or newborn Petechiae [theodora.com]

• Myalgia

  Posted On February 18, 2015 Free Searchable Online Version Of The 2009 Icd-9-cm 729.1 Myalgia And Myositis, Unspecified. 04 Num Summary: 776.4 Polycythemia Neonatorum - Icd-9-cm Vol. 1 Diagnostic Codes - Findacode.com. [ygsearch.com]

• Seizure

  None has a persisting seizure disorder at present, although late recurrence of seizures after an eight year seizure free interval has been documented by Sran and Baumann.10 This seven year review of newborn infants admitted with seizures to a neonatal [fn.bmj.com]

  Symptoms Symptoms may include: Extreme sleepiness Feeding problems Seizures Exams and Tests There may be signs of breathing problems, kidney failure, low blood sugar, or newborn jaundice. [healthing.ca]

  The patient's mother explains that she observed what she believed to be seizure-like activity just before you arrived in the room. The mother has a history of type two diabetes mellitus and during childbirth there was a delay in cord clamping. [step2.medbullets.com]

• Lethargy

  Newborns with polycythemia neonatorum have nonspecific findings, related most often to the central nervous and respiratory systems: irritability or lethargy, hypotonia, seizures, tremor or jitters, motor delay and respiratory distress, tachypnea, apnea [symptoma.com]

  Below is the list of complications and problems that may arise if Polycythemia neonatorum is left untreated: respiratory problems feeding problems lethargy convulsions hypotonia jitteriness hypoglycemia hyperbilirubinemia hypocalcemia persistent pulmonary [tabletwise.net]

  Frequent signs and symptoms included "feeding problems" (21.8%), plethora (20.0%), lethargy (14.5%), cyanosis (14.5%), respiratory distress (9.1%), jitteriness (7.3%), and hypotonia (7.3%). [pediatrics.aappublications.org]

  There was partial agreement with study by Singh, who showed lethargy, respiratory distress and jitteriness (11.1%, 14.8%, 25.9%) respectively [26]. [itmedicalteam.pl]

  Table 2 Signs & Symptoms Complications Apnoea Altered consciousness Cyanosis Hypoglycaemia Feeding problem Hypocalcaemia Vomiting Heperbilirubinaemia Irritability Necrotising enterocolitis Jitteriness Oliguria Tremor Haematuria Lethargy Renal vein thrombosis [lhp.leedsth.nhs.uk]

• Meningism

  Ferri’s popular "5 books in 1" format provides quick guidance on short QT syndrome, microscopic polyangiitis, fungal meningitis, and much more. This medical reference makes the answers you need even easier to find - anytime, anywhere. [books.google.com]

  QuestionAnswer Air leakage into the middle are of the chest between the sternum & vertebral column Pneumomendiastinum Protrusion of meninges & spinal cord through a vertebral defect Myelomeningocele Intestines protruding into the cord Omphalocele Technique [studystack.com]

  &asthma • Allergic rhinitis • Atopic dermatitis • A variety of pediatric immune rheumatism View profile LANGUAGES SPOKEN： • English • Chinese Pediatrics SPECIALTY/PRACTICE AREAS： • General pediatric • Neonatal infectious Diseases • Fever, pneumonia, meningitis [english.tmuh.org.tw]

  細菌性腦膜炎 Meningitis 腦膜炎 Infective otitis externa 外耳道炎 Otitis media (acute, chronic) 中耳炎 Acute upper respiratory infection 急性上呼吸道感染 Acute bronchiolitis 急性細支氣管炎 Bronchopneumonia 支氣管肺炎 Pneumonia 肺炎 Congenital pneumonia 先天性肺炎 Neonatal Candida infection (thrush [money511.com]

  D42.1 Neoplasm of uncertain behavior of spinal meninges D42.9 Neoplasm of uncertain behavior of meninges, unspecified D43.0 Neoplasm of uncertain behavior of brain, supratentorial Includes: Neoplasm of uncertain behavior of cerebral ventricle Neoplasm [app.drchrono.com]

• Tremor

  (M3.PD.17.21) During the exam of a 2-day-old female neonate you determine that she appears lethargic, cyanotic, and has a coarse tremor of her right arm. [step2.medbullets.com]

  The infant is irritable and may have tremors when disturbed. [studystack.com]

  Newborns with polycythemia neonatorum have nonspecific findings, related most often to the central nervous and respiratory systems: irritability or lethargy, hypotonia, seizures, tremor or jitters, motor delay and respiratory distress, tachypnea, apnea [symptoma.com]

  Gastroenteritis/Colitis) Esophagogastric Ring (Lower Esophageal Ring (Schatzki)) ESRD (End-Stage Kidney Disease) Essential Hypertension Essential Thrombocythemia (Primary Thrombocythemia) Essential Thrombocytosis (Primary Thrombocythemia) Essential Tremor [ezesauna.com]

  Table 2 Signs & Symptoms Complications Apnoea Altered consciousness Cyanosis Hypoglycaemia Feeding problem Hypocalcaemia Vomiting Heperbilirubinaemia Irritability Necrotising enterocolitis Jitteriness Oliguria Tremor Haematuria Lethargy Renal vein thrombosis [lhp.leedsth.nhs.uk]

• Myoclonus

  […] movement Diminished or absent spontaneous movement Muscle tone Normal Mild hypotonia Flaccid Posture Mild distal flexion Strong distal flexion Intermittent decerebration Stretch reflexes Over-active Over-active, disinhibited Decreased or absent Segmental myoclonus [intranet.tdmu.edu.ua]

The clinical suspicion of polycythemia neonatorum is confirmed by venous hematocrit (>65%) or blood viscosity ( >12 centipoise) measurement. Additional tests should include complete cell blood count (could reveal thrombocytopenia [6] [7] as a consequence of localized thrombosis or disseminated intravascular coagulation), hypoglycemia, hypocalcemia [8], bilirubin level (high due to the high amount of bilirubin precursors). In addition, hypoxia stimulates peripheral release of young, nucleated red blood cells and reticulocytosis. Cyanotic infants may have decreased oxygenation demonstrated by arterial blood gas measurement. Maternal blood glucose should also be measured because the disease is more frequent in infants of diabetic mothers.

Urine analysis may reveal hematuria and proteinuria if renal vein thrombosis has occurred. A low glomerular filtration rate has also been described.

Postero-anterior thoracic radiography shows pulmonary congestion and cardiomegaly, therefore echocardiography is indicated in affected babies. This test will highlight the presence of decreased cardiac output and increased pulmonary resistance.

Symptomatic infants, as well as those whose hematocrit level is above 65% two hours after birth, should be evaluated in a dynamic manner, at 12 and 24 hours. Screening should be performed in children of diabetic mothers, small and large for gestational age infants and monochorionic twins [9]. In these cases, the disease should be suspected in utero, based on middle cerebral artery peak systolic velocity [10].

• Erythrocytes Increased

  As the density of the erythrocytes increases they accumulate in the center of blood flow, and thrombocytes, which are lighter, migrate to periphery of the vascular wall (thrombocyte margination). [lhp.leedsth.nhs.uk]

• Hematocrit Increased

  The abnormal increase in hematocrit increases the risk of hyperviscosity, microcirculatory hypoperfusion, and multisystem organ dysfunction [3]. [itmedicalteam.pl]

A licensed medical professional should be consulted for diagnosis and treatment of any and all medical conditions. [ssl.adam.com]

Nevertheless, justification of this treatment is controversial. We evaluated the risk for short-term complications associated with a restrictive treatment protocol for neonatal polycythemia. [thieme-connect.com]

Ankylosing spondylitis - Current protocols for diagnosis and treatment options. Wegener granulomatosis - Autoimmune etiology and clinical course. [netdoc.com]

Treatment will depend on the level of red blood cells (hematocrit), as well as symptoms your baby has. Treatment may include observing your baby, giving him or her a normal amount of fluids and sugar (glucose), and periodic retesting. [saintlukeskc.org]

Prevention, and Complications Prognosis good to very good in most individuals if untreated, adrenal crisis can lead to death within 1-6 weeks males usually have normal fertility; females may be abnormal fertility Prevention genetic counseling may help [medbullets.com]

Outlook (Prognosis) The outlook is good for infants with mild hyperviscosity. Good results are also possible in infants who receive treatment for severe hyperviscosity. The outlook will depend largely on the reason for the condition. [healthing.ca]

Usually good prognosis Spontaneous resolution is common Visual impairment if periorbital hemangioma is left untreated Some congenital infections may manifest with rashes or other skin conditions and should be differentiated from benign skin lesions in [amboss.com]

Certain conditions have both an underlying etiology and multiple body system manifestations due to the underlying etiology. [icd10coded.com]

Wegener granulomatosis - Autoimmune etiology and clinical course. Diabetes - disease and management information, including diagnosis, typical treatment plans and diabetes supplies. [netdoc.com]

The etiology of polycythemia is related either to intrauterine hypoxia or secondary to fetal transfusion. Most polycythaemic infants are asymptomatic. Increased viscosity of blood may be associated with symptoms of hypoperfusion. [semanticscholar.org]

Manifestation code identifies conditions for which it is important to record both the etiology and the symptom of the disease. [books.google.com]

ONGOING CARE FOLLOW-UP RECOMMENDATIONS Patient Monitoring Periodic laboratory follow-up depending on the etiology of polycythemia. Monitor for the following: Headache, dizziness, or syncope Blurred visio... [5minuteconsult.com]

Huang, MD and Tannie Huang, MD Reviewed 10/2018 BASICS DESCRIPTION EPIDEMIOLOGY RISK FACTORS GENERAL PREVENTION PATHOPHYSIOLOGY DIAGNOSIS HISTORY PHYSICAL EXAM DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS DIAGNOSTIC TESTS & INTERPRETATION TREATMENT GENERAL MEASURES MEDICATION [5minuteconsult.com]

Infantile hemangioma: Epidemiology update. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2013; 68 (4): p.AB95. doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2012.12.395. | Open in Read by QxMD Al-Salem AH. Hemangiomas and Vascular Malformations. Atlas of Pediatric Surgery.. [amboss.com]

Key words: polycy<strong>the</strong>mia, hyperviscosity, partial exchange transfusion, <strong>newborn</strong> Definition and epidemiology <strong>Polycy<strong>the</strong>mia</strong> is described as a condition in which an increased red cell mass [yumpu.com]

Monochorionic diamniotic (MCDA) twin pregnancies with amniotic fluid discordance appear to increase the risk of development of twin anemia-polycythemia sequence (TAPS), a form of TTTS, by nearly two-fold. [12] Epidemiology Polycythemia is a relatively [emedicine.medscape.com]

Doyle JJ, Schmidt B, Blanchette V, Zipursky A: Hematology; in Avery GB, Fletcher MA, Mac Donald MG (eds): Neonatology: Pathophysiology and Management of the Newborn. Philadelphia, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 1999, pp 1045–1091. [karger.com]

Huang, MD and Tannie Huang, MD Reviewed 10/2018 BASICS DESCRIPTION EPIDEMIOLOGY RISK FACTORS GENERAL PREVENTION PATHOPHYSIOLOGY DIAGNOSIS HISTORY PHYSICAL EXAM DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS DIAGNOSTIC TESTS & INTERPRETATION TREATMENT GENERAL MEASURES MEDICATION [5minuteconsult.com]

Physiologic anemia of infancy Definition: a physiologic decrease in RBC production that typically appears at 8–12 weeks of age in term infants and 4–8 weeks of age in preterm infants Pathophysiology [24] Increase in oxygenation → ↑ in tissue oxygen levels [amboss.com]

The acquired form is more common, and pathophysiology has not been fully elucidated. [pathophys.org]

[edit] The pathophysiology of polycythemia varies based on its cause. [en.wikipedia.org]

0% Emergent - ED Care Needed - Preventable/Avoidable - 0% Emergent - ED Care Needed - Not Preventable/Avoidable - 0% Primary diagnosis of injury 0% Primary diagnosis of mental health problems 0% Primary diagnosis of substance abuse 0% Primary diagnosis [medicbind.com]

Neonatal Intensive Care Unit(NICU) Pediatrics Intensive Care Unit(PICU) Child Psychiatric Day Care Center Emergency Service (24 hours) Outpatient Service Pediatrics SPECIALTY/PRACTICE AREAS： • Pediatric pulmonology medicne • General pediatrics • Preventive [english.tmuh.org.tw]

[…] of Polycythemia neonatorum Yes, it may be possible to prevent Polycythemia neonatorum. [tabletwise.net]

Partial exchange transfusion is traditionally used as the method to lower the Hct and treat hyperviscosity; however, it is unclear whether this is an effective approach in preventing the long-term neurologic consequences. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

1. Rosenkrantz TS. Polycythemia and hyperviscosity in the newborn. Semin Thromb Hemost. 2003;29:515–27.
2. Wiswell TE, Cornish JD, Northam RS. Neonatal polycythemia: Frequency of clinical manifestations and other associated findings. Pediatrics. 1986;78:26–30.
3. Sarkar S, Rosenkrantz TS. Neonatal polycythemia and hyperviscosity. Semin Fetal Neonatal Med. 2008;13:248–255.
4. Dempsey EM, Barrington K. Short and long term outcomes following partial exchange transfusion in the polycythaemic newborn: A systematic review. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed. 2006;91:F2–F6.
5. Herson VC, Raye JR, Rowe JC, et al. Acute renal failure associated with polycythemia in a neonate. J Pediatr. 1982;100:137–139.
6. Vlug RD, Lopriore E, Janssen M, et al. Thrombocytopenia in neonates with polycythemia: incidence, risk factors and clinical outcome. Expert Rev Hematol. 2015;8(1):123-129.
7. Acunas B, Celtik C, Vatansever U, et al. Thrombocytopenia: An important indicator for the application of partial exchange transfusion in polycythemic newborn infants? Pediatr Int. 2000;42:343–347.
8. Saggese G, Bertelloni S, Baroncelli GI, et al. Elevated calcitonin gene-related peptide in polycythemic newborn infants. Acta Paediatr. 1992;81:966–968.
9. Oh W. Neonatal polycythemia and hyperviscosity. Pediatr Clin North Am 1986;33:523-532.
10. Veujoz M, Sananès N, Severac F, et al. Evaluation of prenatal and postnatal diagnostic criteria for twin anemia-polycythemia sequence. Prenat Diagn. 2015;35(3):281-288.