Additionally, rarer mitoses were present spontaneously in months, old, live flat cell cultures. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Accelerated Growth

  Accelerated growth in the absence of DNA replication origins. Nature. 2013;503:544–7. View Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar Jensen MR, Løbner-Olesen A, Rasmussen KV. [biologydirect.biomedcentral.com]

• Inflammation

  Global gene expression analyses of tetraploid endothelial cells revealed a dysfunctional phenotype characterized by a cell cycle arrest profile (decreased CCNE2/A2, RBL1, BUB1B; increased CDKN1A) and increased expression of genes involved in inflammation [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Liver Mass

  In adults, liver polyploidization is differentially regulated upon loss of liver mass and liver damage. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Penicillium

  Jeanne Ropars, Ying‐Chu Lo, Emilie Dumas, Alodie Snirc, Dominik Begerow, Tanja Rollnik, Sandrine Lacoste, Joëlle Dupont, Tatiana Giraud and Manuela López‐Villavicencio, Fertility depression among cheese‐making Penicillium roqueforti strains suggests degeneration [doi.org]

• Human Papillomavirus

  Cervical and anogenital cancers are induced by the high-risk types of human papillomavirus (HPV). The HPV E6 oncoprotein induces polyploidy in human keratinocytes, yet the mechanism is not known. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Polyps

  Not to be confused with "polypoid", resembling a polyp. This image shows haploid (single), diploid (double), triploid (triple), and tetraploid (quadruple) sets of chromosomes. Triploid and tetraploid chromosomes are examples of polyploidy. [en.wikipedia.org]

Treatment with doxorubicin, bleomycin, methotrexate, and paclitaxel significantly increased cellular IC50 values. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

In conclusion, STMN1 overexpression could predict early tumor recurrence and poor prognosis, particularly at early stage of hepatoma. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Genome Biology 5(12), art. no. 250 Google Scholar Veitia RA (2002) Exploring the etiology of haploinsufficiency. [doi.org]

A.. 1997 Application of DNA typing methods and genetic analysis to epidemiology and taxonomy of Saccharomyces isolates. J. Clin. Microbiol. 35, 1822–1828. PubMed, Google Scholar 47 Soltis D. E.& Soltis P. [doi.org]

Here, we studied polyploidy-associated senescence induced by BMS-777607 in breast cancer cells and its prevention by mTOR inhibitor AZD8055, leading to increased chemosensitivity. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]