Presentation
Studies present an association between APOE4 and sleep disturbance. Additionally APOE4 is linked to sleep disturbance before the onset of Alzheimer's symptoms. [covid19criticalcare.com]
It usually presents with clusters of symptoms, often overlapping, which can fluctuate and change over time and can affect any system in the body. [en.wikipedia.org]
Entire Body System
- Fatigue
The most common lingering symptoms included shortness of breath, fatigue, and sleep disorders. [en.wikipedia.org]
[…] in children include: fatigue headaches abdominal pain sleep problems shortness of breath cognitive problems, such as: lack of concentration difficulty thinking or concentrating muscle aches and joint pains Symptoms can vary in severity, and can sometimes [canada.ca]
Common symptoms include fatigue, shortness of breath, cognitive dysfunction but also others which generally have an impact on everyday functioning. [who.int]
- Fever
The NIH listed long COVID symptoms of fatigue, shortness of breath, brain fog, sleep disorders, intermittent fevers, gastrointestinal symptoms, anxiety, and depression. [en.wikipedia.org]
- Low Fever
The NIH listed long COVID symptoms of fatigue, shortness of breath, brain fog, sleep disorders, intermittent fevers, gastrointestinal symptoms, anxiety, and depression. [en.wikipedia.org]
- Anemia
[…] nearly every organ system, with sequelae including respiratory system disorders, nervous system and neurocognitive disorders, mental health disorders, metabolic disorders, cardiovascular disorders, gastrointestinal disorders, musculoskeletal pain, and anemia [en.wikipedia.org]
Respiratoric
- Cough
[…] first two to three weeks and then subside; stable symptoms; and symptoms that increase markedly in the first two months and then stabilize.[25] Symptoms reported by adults with long COVID include:[27][28][29][30][31][7][32] Extreme fatigue Long-lasting cough [en.wikipedia.org]
- Anosmia
[…] gastrointestinal disorders, musculoskeletal pain, and anemia.[7] The most commonly reported symptoms of long COVID are fatigue and memory problems.[8][9] Many other symptoms have also been reported, including malaise, headaches, shortness of breath, anosmia [en.wikipedia.org]
Gastrointestinal
- Abdominal Pain
[…] in children include: fatigue headaches abdominal pain sleep problems shortness of breath cognitive problems, such as: lack of concentration difficulty thinking or concentrating muscle aches and joint pains Symptoms can vary in severity, and can sometimes [canada.ca]
Cardiovascular
- Chest Pain
chest tightness and pain, nasal congestion, tiredness, and difficulty concentrating.[46][47] A 2021 case report of five children in Sweden reported symptoms (fatigue, heart palpitations, dyspnoea, headaches, muscle weakness and difficulty concentrating [en.wikipedia.org]
- Palpitations
[…] changes in, sense of smell (parosmia[33] or anosmia)[33] Sore throat and or difficulties swallowing Blood disorders, including new onsets of diabetes and hypertension Heartburn (gastroesophageal reflux disease) Skin rash Shortness of breath Chest pains Palpitations [en.wikipedia.org]
Musculoskeletal
- Arthralgia
[…] exacerbation (PESE); use of a combination of pain education, skills training on self-management strategies, prescription of short-term anti-inflammatory drugs and, in the absence of PESE, physical exercise training for the clinical rehabilitation management of arthralgia [who.int]
Skin
- Skin Rash
People with allergic-type symptoms such as rashes on the skin may benefit from antihistamines.[88] Health system responses Australia In October 2020, a guide published by the Royal Australian College of General Practitioners (RACGP) says that ongoing [en.wikipedia.org]
Neurologic
- Headache
[…] disorders, cardiovascular disorders, gastrointestinal disorders, musculoskeletal pain, and anemia.[7] The most commonly reported symptoms of long COVID are fatigue and memory problems.[8][9] Many other symptoms have also been reported, including malaise, headaches [en.wikipedia.org]
[…] trouble sleeping shortness of breath general pain and discomfort cognitive problems, such as: memory loss difficulty thinking or concentrating mental health symptoms, such as: anxiety depression The most common symptoms in children include: fatigue headaches [canada.ca]
- Dizziness
"Hearing Loss, Tinnitus, and Dizziness in COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis". The Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences. Le Journal Canadien Des Sciences Neurologiques. [en.wikipedia.org]
- Paresthesia
Neurological symptoms, such as headache, vertigo, and paresthesiae were not significant findings in this study, as opposed to in adults.[43] A 2021 study from the UK Office for National Statistics with 20,000 participants, including children and adults [en.wikipedia.org]
- Difficulty Concentrating
concentrating.[46][47] A 2021 case report of five children in Sweden reported symptoms (fatigue, heart palpitations, dyspnoea, headaches, muscle weakness and difficulty concentrating) persisting for 6–8 months after diagnosis.[48] Earlier findings Some [en.wikipedia.org]
- Neurologic Manifestation
"Potential Neurologic Manifestations of COVID-19". Neurology. Clinical Practice. 11 (2): e135–e146. doi:10.1212/CPJ.0000000000000897. PMC 8032406. PMID 33842082. ^ a b Servick K (8 April 2020). [en.wikipedia.org]
Treatment
[…] to do if you feel sick Diagnosis and treatment There are currently no diagnostic tests or treatments for post COVID-19 condition. [canada.ca]
Treatment Protocols Learn about our at-home and hospital treatment protocols. MATH+: COVID Hospital Treatment Recovery Recover from Long COVID and Post-Vaccine Syndrome. [covid19criticalcare.com]
[…] and management As of May 2022, there is no established treatment for long COVID. [en.wikipedia.org]
Etiology
There is need for more research into ME/CFS; Anthony Fauci, chief medical adviser to the US government, said that COVID-19 is a "well-identified etiologic agent that should be very helpful now in getting us to be able to understand [ME/CFS]".[75] Risk [en.wikipedia.org]
Epidemiology
Kidney problems (including, acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease)[34] Changes in oral health (teeth, saliva, gums) Tinnitus[35] Hearing loss[35] Blood clotting (including deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism) Erectile dysfunction[36] Epidemiology [en.wikipedia.org]
Pathophysiology
The pathophysiology of long COVID may be similar to these other conditions.[18] Some long COVID patients in Canada have been diagnosed with ME/CFS, a "debilitating, multi-system neurological disease that is believed to be triggered by an infectious illness [en.wikipedia.org]
Prevention
Canada continues to monitor new developments to learn more about other preventive measures. [canada.ca]
Medical Evidence Ivermectin is a core medication in FLCCC’s prevention and treatment protocols. Start here for our scientific rationale to recommend ivermectin to treat COVID-19. [covid19criticalcare.com]
Guidelines regarding the use of drugs to prevent COVID-19 are included in a separate document, WHO Living guideline: Drugs to prevent COVID-19, that can be accessed via an online platform and in pdf format (or click ‘PDF’ in top right corner of online [who.int]
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Archived from the original on 13 May 2021. Retrieved 12 July 2021. ^ "Overview | COVID-19 rapid guideline: managing the long-term effects of COVID-19 | Guidance". [en.wikipedia.org]