The mean age of presentation was 3.95 years with 56.8% of the patients presenting after the age of 1 year. Voiding dysfunction noted in 40 (91.0%) patients was the most common mode of presentation. [afrjpaedsurg.org]

Recent advancements in antenatal ultrasound and endoscopy have altered the presentation and management of PUV. Herein we describe the presentation, management and outcome of PUV patients in Eastern Ontario/Western Quebec over the last 3 decades. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

When do boys typically present? What proportion present late? Are any factors (eg. [npeu.ox.ac.uk]

• Failure to Thrive

  Neonatal presentation: anuria palpable bladder rapidly developing renal failure First year of life presentation: failure to thrive vomiting poor stream, dribbling, incontinence often develop sepsis Diagnosis is made on micturating cystourethrography. [gpnotebook.co.uk]

  Newborns may also be brought with few urinary symptoms and more non specific ones like abdominal distension, failure to thrive, signs of infection (sepsis) somewhere in the body, recurrent urinary infections with fever. [pediatriconcall.com]

  If the obstruction is severe and remains unrecognized during the neonatal period, infants may present later in life with failure to thrive due to uremia or sepsis caused by infection in the obstructed urinary tract. [archintsurg.org]

  Loss of weight, unexplained fever, failure to thrive and bouts of diarrhoea are significant findings. Palpable urinary bladder and kidneys in these cases give a clue. [jpma.org.pk]

• Heart Failure

  In severe cases, renal failure, congestive heart failure, and respiratory distress may occur. [6] Patients with mild obstruction may escape ultrasonographic detection and diagnosis may be delayed until adolescence. [archintsurg.org]

• Kidney Failure

  bladder dysfunction renal function impairment and an increased risk of kidney failure vesicoureteral reflux (when urine flows backwards from the bladder up to the kidneys). [childrenshospital.org]

  Males with PUV have about a 20% chance of developing kidney failure over their lifetime. [choc.org]

  Most boys will need to be monitored for kidney function and bladder function. There is up to a 20% chance that kidney failure can develop over time. [urology.ucsf.edu]

  Some children, however, maintain preserved kidney function into adulthood, whereas others develop kidney failure in childhood ( 8 ). Previous reports suggested that nadir creatinine predicts the risk of kidney failure in children with PUV. [cjasn.asnjournals.org]

• Incomplete Bladder Emptying

  Renal deterioration may also occur due to hyperfiltration injury that causes glomerulosclerosis, chronic pyelonephritis associated with vesicoureteral reflux, urinary stasis, or incomplete bladder emptying, all of which are common in boys with a posterior [emedicine.com]

  emptying is incomplete on serial ultrasounds. [pediatricurologybook.com]

HUN resolved in 15 RUs and improved to a lower grade in 11 in 26 of the 27 RUs (96.3%) in the 17 patients compliant with treatment. The 3 boys (5 RUs) who were noncompliant with treatment had neither decreased HUN nor improved urodynamic parameters. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

If suspected antenatally, a consultation with a paediatric surgeon/ paediatric urologist maybe indicated to evaluate the risk and consider treatment options. Treatment is by endoscopic valve ablation. [en.wikipedia.org]

This determines the final prognosis, which is worse the younger the child at presentation. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Posterior urethral valve is found exclusively in males with an incidence of approximately 1 in 5000. [1] In 1919, Young et al. [4] first described PUV, and until the 1960s, it was reported to have an extremely poor prognosis. [archintsurg.org]

The overall prognosis is most affected by the degree and duration of obstruction. Severe cases with obstructive cystic renal dysplasia, oligohydramnios and pulmonary hypoplasia are often incompatible with life 2. [radiopaedia.org]

A meta-analysis on the utility of vesicoamniotic drainage showed an improved overall perinatal survival versus the non-drainage group, especially in poor prognosis fetuses [8]. [degruyter.com]

We have attempted to identify clearly the incidence, etiologic factors, preventive measures, and surgical treatment of complications arising in these patients. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

EMBRYOLOGY OF POSTERIOR URETHRAL VALVES Three discrete embryologic defects are postulated in the etiology (1). The most common type (Type I in the Young classification). [fetalultrasound.com]

Unfortunately, there are a number of etiologies for this sonographic appearance, including urethral atresia, prune-belly syndrome, as well as PUV. [clinicalgate.com]

[…] congenital posterior urethral segment occlusion is caused by hypertrophy of the normal prostatic urethral valve because of incomplete differentiation of the terminal part of mesonephric ducts or of persistence of the urogenital membrane, however, the etiology [degruyter.com]

INTRODUCTION Ascites is a rare condition in neonates and generally may present several etiologies, urinary ascites being most frequently found(1,2). [rb.org.br]

Population-based normative data were provided by Perinatal and Reproductive Epidemiology Research Unit. [nature.com]

Epidemiology In the United States, PUV is the most common cause of lower urinary tract obstruction in male neonates; the reported incidence ranges from 1 per 8000 to 1 per 25,000 live births. [emedicine.com]

Original Articles Epidemiology and Outcomes CJASN March 2014, 9 (3) 499-505; DOI: https://doi.org/10.2215/CJN.08700813 This article requires a subscription to view the full text. [cjasn.asnjournals.org]

One involved the pathophysiology of posterior urethral valves (PUV), which came up in a clinical case. [renalfellow.blogspot.com]

Pathophysiology Posterior urethral valves can appear at the earliest stage of urinary tract development; therefore, the entire urinary tract develops in an abnormal environment of high intraluminal pressure due to the mechanical obstruction. [emedicine.com]

We have attempted to identify clearly the incidence, etiologic factors, preventive measures, and surgical treatment of complications arising in these patients. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Oligohydramnios prevents normal lung development in utero. Pathologically, this process results in reduced branching of the bronchial tree and reduced numbers and size of alveoli. [clinicalgate.com]

This extra tissue prevents the urethra from properly carrying urine from the bladder to the tip of the penis and out of the body. [childrenshospital.org]