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2.1
Postpartum Period
Post Partum

Presentation

AIH can present in the postpartum and should be actively considered among the differential diagnosis if liver dysfunction is observed after delivery. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Gastrointestinal

  • Constipation

    Constipation can last much longer, though. [healthline.com]

    In the meantime, here’s what you can do for an easier transition: Key features: Adjusting to Motherhood  Coping with Body Changes  Breast Engorgement  Constipation  Urine Pain  Vaginal Discharge Life After Delivery  Your baby's health  Feeding [play.google.com]

    Some of the physical changes that may happen during the postpartum period include sweating, leaking urine, constipation, swelling, soreness, and engorged breasts. You will also experience postpartum bleeding and possibly vaginal discharge. [parentweb.com]

    To ease constipation, drink plenty of water and eat foods that have a lot of fiber. Ask your doctor if you should try a stool softener. [webmd.com]

    Constipation can also be caused by iron supplements prescribed to get your blood count up to normal, he adds, or if you’re not drinking enough fluids while breastfeeding and become dehydrated. [thebump.com]

  • Acute Abdomen

    She was operated on due to acute abdomen. During surgery, generalised peritonitis with a gastric ulcer perforation at the corpus was found. The perforation area was repaired primarily. Pathological examination revealed gastric adenocarcinoma. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  • Intestinal Perforation

    CONCLUSION: When peritonitis symptoms exist in a postpartum woman in addition to other peritonitis causes, malignant gastro-intestinal perforations such as gastric cancer perforation should be kept in mind. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Skin

  • Alopecia

    "Study of Postpartum Alopecia". Archives of Dermatology. 87 (5): 609. doi : 10.1001/archderm.1963.01590170067011. ISSN 0003-987X. ^ Eastham, John H (February 2001). "Postpartum Alopecia". [en.wikipedia.org]

Neurologic

  • Motor Symptoms

    In women with atypical motor symptoms in addition to depression, this diagnosis should be considered. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Urogenital

  • Amenorrhea

    Three indicators of postpartum unmet need consider women to be fully exposed to the risk of pregnancy at different times: right after delivery, after six months of amenorrhea, and at the end of amenorrhea. [popcouncil.org]

    The Lactational Amenorrhea Method (LAM): Another Choice for Mothers by Miriam H. Labbok, MD, MPH, from Breastfeeding Abstracts, August 1993, Volume 13, Number 1, pp. 3-4. Fact Sheet on the Lactational Amenorrhea Method (LAM) ( PDF version ). [kellymom.com]

    The lactational amenorrhea method (LAM) is considered 98 percent effective in the first six months if followed carefully (exclusively breastfeeding, on demand). [justmommies.com]

    Postpartum women are more likely to use injectables and the lactational amenorrhea method and less likely to use female sterilization compared with all currently married women. [dhsprogram.com]

Workup

Differential diagnosis See the list below: Mastitis Breast abscess Cellulitis Workup No laboratory tests are required. [emedicine.medscape.com]

Biopsy

  • Liver Biopsy

    Based on clinical, laboratory and liver biopsy findings, two of these patients were considered to have subclinical AIH and were diagnosed by disease flare after delivery. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Treatment

Hyperthyroidism can occur during pregnancy and the postpartum period, and the treatment of hyperthyroidism should be considered in the preconception phase. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Medical treatment for any medical conditions. [americanaddictioncenters.org]

We also offer a unique group treatment model for pregnancy and postpartum. Contact us to learn more about these treatment options. [strongrootscounseling.com]

Prognosis

What Is the Prognosis for Postpartum Depression? Postpartum depression usually goes away during the months after delivery. Some women have symptoms for months or years. [emedicinehealth.com]

Treatment is symptomatic and prognosis is excellent if iatrogenic harm is avoided. 40 Postpartum Depression Postpartum depression has been the subject of many monographs, book chapters, research studies, and media blitzes. [glowm.com]

In fact, she said, the prognosis is “really good, really positive. Full recovery is definitely the most likely outcome.” [mosaicscience.com]

Patients with postpartum psychosis are thought to have a better prognosis than those with nonpuerperal psychosis. Postpartum psychosis generally lasts only 2-3 months. [emedicine.medscape.com]

Etiology

This case report alerts the psychiatric clinician to consider nonpsychiatric etiologies of psychosis appearing during the postpartum period besides postpartum psychosis. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Epidemiology

Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, IR, Iran. 3 Department of Midwifery, Nursing and Midwifery Faculty, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, IR, Iran. 4 Department of Statistics and Epidemiology [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Epidemiology 1998 ;9: 441 - 445 13. U.S. Census Bureau. California state and county QuickFacts ( http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/06000.html ). 14. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. [nejm.org]

Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) There are few data on the epidemiology of GAD during pregnancy and postnatally. [intechopen.com]

Pathophysiology

In view of its autoimmune pathophysiology the occurrence of this disorder in the postpartum period is not surprising, even though it has not been reported before. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

The biology and pathophysiology of peripartum psychiatric disorders. Primary Psychiatry. 2004;11(3):37–41. Google Scholar Ross LE, Grigoriadis S, Mamisashvili L, Koren G, Steiner M, Dennis CL, et al. [bmcpregnancychildbirth.biomedcentral.com]

Prevention

The postpartum rituals are done to prevent tos. [ethnomed.org]

The most popular, were practices for increasing of breast milk (97.9%), preventing incubus "albasması" (81.8%), getting rid of incubus (74.9%), and preventing postpartum bleeding (14.1%).The findings of the study show that traditional practices towards [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

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