We found no evidence of primary skeletal muscle involvement; however, neuropathic features and biopsy changes of denervation were present in both groups. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Delayed enhancement may or may not be present in dilated cardiomyopathies, but when present it involves the subepicardium or mid-myocardium as opposed to the subendocardium. [med-ed.virginia.edu]

[…] failure, as many as one third of patients with idiopathic RCM may present with thromboembolic complications. [emedicine.medscape.com]

• Congestive Heart Failure

  […] the heart disease in beriberi (thiamine deficiency) is also associated with alcoholism. congestive cardiomyopathy a syndrome characterized by cardiac enlargement, especially of the left ventricle, myocardial dysfunction, and congestive heart failure. [medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com]

  Cardiac MRI > Pathology > Cardiomyopathies > Dilated Cardiomyopathy Dilated Cardiomyopathy Dilated cardiomyopathies (DCM) are a common cause of congestive heart failure (CHF) characterized by fibrosis and a decreased number of myocytes. [med-ed.virginia.edu]

  The recent advent of vasodilator therapy has provided additional help to the patient with refractory congestive heart failure. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy appears to be much more frequently recognized since the advent of echocardiography. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  […] muscle) Cardiomyopathy associated with another disorder Cardiomyopathy, primary (heart condition) Congestive heart failure (chf) with cardiomyopathy Congestive heart failure due to cardiomyopathy Primary cardiomyopathy Secondary cardiomyopathy Tachycardia [icd10data.com]

  Complications : 1) Atrial fibrillation with mural thrombosis ; 2) Embolization ; 3) Infective endocarditis ; 4) Congestive heart failure. Arrhythmias represent the major cause of death in these patients causing sudden death. [histopathology-india.net]

• Fatigue

  Common symptoms of heart failure include shortness of breath, fatigue and swelling of the ankles, feet, legs, abdomen and veins in the neck. [heart.org]

  You might have: shortness of breath fatigue light headedness or feeling faint heart palpitations swelling in the legs due to fluid retention chest pain In children, you might notice they find it hard to keep up with their friends and become breathless [healthdirect.gov.au]

  Affected individuals may also experience excessive sweating, fatigue, wheezing, and paleness of the skin (pallor). [rarediseases.org]

  […] death, Cardiomegaly Functional AV valve regurgitation S3 and/or S4 Exertional dyspnea, angina, syncope, sudden death Systolic murmur ± mitral regurgitation murmur, S4 Bifid carotid pulse with a brisk upstroke and rapid downstroke Exertional dyspnea and fatigue [msdmanuals.com]

  Symptoms of heart failure may include shortness of breath, fatigue, cough, orthopnea, paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea, and edema. This presentation is common in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy. [aafp.org]

• Heart Disease

  disease: cardiomyopathy attributable to valvular heart disease (7,201) and peripartum heart disease (279). [care.diabetesjournals.org]

  […] artery disease or heart attack cause the disease. [heart.org]

  Differential diagnosis Coronary artery disease. Mitral valve disease. Athlete's heart: prolonged isometric training may produce heart changes resembling some features of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Amyloidosis. [patient.info]

  […] the heart disease in beriberi (thiamine deficiency) is also associated with alcoholism. congestive cardiomyopathy a syndrome characterized by cardiac enlargement, especially of the left ventricle, myocardial dysfunction, and congestive heart failure. [medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com]

  […] end-stage congenital heart disease. [cham.org]

• Tachycardia

  Takotsubo cardiomyopathy ) cardiomyopathy in peripartum and post-partum cardiomyopathy tachycardia-induced cardiomyopathy cardiomyopathy in infants of diabetic mothers secondary cardiomyopathies (these conditions can have multi-organ involvement) infiltrative [radiopaedia.org]

  (PSVT)発作性上室性頻拍 paroxysmal ventricular tachycardia (PVT)発作性心室頻拍 patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) 動脈管開存［症］ percardial friction rub心膜摩擦音 percussion 打診［法］、叩打法〈マッサージの一法〉 percutaneous transluminal coronaryangioplasty (PTCA)経皮的冠［状］［動脈］形成［術］ percutaneous transluminal [tokyo-med.ac.jp]

  Syncope, atypical chest pain, an initial episode of ventricular tachycardia, and recurrent ventricular tachycardia are the primary symptoms. 3 In addition, the genetic defect of arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy has cutaneous manifestations [aafp.org]

  […] heart muscle) Cardiomyopathy associated with another disorder Cardiomyopathy, primary (heart condition) Congestive heart failure (chf) with cardiomyopathy Congestive heart failure due to cardiomyopathy Primary cardiomyopathy Secondary cardiomyopathy Tachycardia [icd10data.com]

  Specific cardiac abnormalities - eg, chronic uncontrolled tachycardia, hypertension, ischaemic heart disease, valvular dysfunction or abnormalities of the pericardium. [patient.info]

• Heart Murmur

  Cardiomyopathy may lead to heart failure, blood clots, a heart murmur, and cardiac arrest. The patient may not exhibit any signs and symptoms in the early stages of cardiomyopathy. [fortherecordmag.com]

  Is there a family history of disabling heart disease before 50 years of age? Is there a family history of conditions known to increase cardiac risk (e.g., dilated or hypertrophic cardiomyopathy)? Evaluate for heart murmur. [aafp.org]

• Cardiomegaly

  Pulmonary venous congestion No cardiomegaly No or mild cardiomegaly Hemodynamics Normal or high EDP, low EF, diffusely dilated hypokinetic ventricles ± AV valve regurgitation Low CO High EDP ± outflow subvalvular gradient ± mitral regurgitation Normal [msdmanuals.com]

  […] catheterization 心[臓]カテーテル法 cardiac cycle 心[臓]周期 cardiac death心臓死 cardiac index (CI)心係数 cardiac muscle (= myocardium)心筋 cardiac output 心拍出量 cardiac rupture心[臓]破裂 cardiac silhouette心陰影 cardiac standstill心静止 cardiac tamponade 心タンポナーデ cardiogenic shock 心原性ショック cardiomegaly [tokyo-med.ac.jp]

• Systolic Murmur

  […] dysfunction Clinical findings LV and RV failure, sudden death, Cardiomegaly Functional AV valve regurgitation S3 and/or S4 Exertional dyspnea, angina, syncope, sudden death Systolic murmur ± mitral regurgitation murmur, S4 Bifid carotid pulse with a [msdmanuals.com]

  ［心］収縮［期］ systolic function収縮機能 systolic murmur (SM)収縮期雑音 t tachycardia 頻拍（脈） tachypnea呼吸頻数、頻呼吸 technetium (Tc)テクネシ（チ）ウム temporal resolution時間分解能 terminal portion終末部 tetralogy of Fallot (T/F, TOF) ファロー四徴［症］ thallium (Tl)タリウム thoracic aorta 胸［部］大動脈 thoractomy [tokyo-med.ac.jp]

• Ataxia

  […] scleroderma dermatomyositis polyarteritis nodosa rheumatoid arthritis cardiomyopathy from endocrine conditions diabetes hypothyroidism hyperthyroidism hyperparathyroidism pheochromocytoma acromegaly cardiomyopathy from neuromuscular conditions Friedreich ataxia [radiopaedia.org]

  In familial cases, various patterns of inheritance are observed; autosomal disorders that present in the young include Noonan and LEOPARD syndrome (dominant) and Friedreich’s ataxia (recessive). 9 Dilated cardiomyopathy DCM is defined by the presence [academic.oup.com]

  30%) Hemochromatosis and iron overload cardiomyopathy: Excess deposition of iron Fabry disease: Lysosomal storage disorder with accumulation of glycosphingolipid Danon disease: Deficiency in lysosome-associated membrane protein 2 (LAMP2) Friedreich ataxia [emedicine.medscape.com]

  22] Metabolic/storage Fabry's disease hemochromatosis Endomyocardial Endomyocardial fibrosis Hypereosinophilic syndrome Endocrine diabetes mellitus hyperthyroidism acromegaly Cardiofacial Noonan syndrome Neuromuscular muscular dystrophy Friedreich's ataxia [en.wikipedia.org]

  […] including amyloidosis and hemochromatosis Toxic cardiomyopathy: Alcohol and anthracyclines Connective Tissue Disorders: RA, SLE, PAN, scleroderma Muscular dystrophies: Duchenne, Becker-type and myotonic dystrophy Neuromuscular disorder: Friedreich’s ataxia [intechopen.com]

The diagnostic workup for CM is relatively invasive and not readily obtainable during pregnancy. In many cases, the etiology remains unknown despite comprehensive workups. [heartfailure.onlinejacc.org]

• T Wave Inversion

  […] with no history of CAD, and frequent T-wave inversion. [aafp.org]

  Patients present with an abrupt onset of angina-like chest pain, and have diffuse T-wave inversion, sometimes preceded by ST-segment elevation, and mild cardiac enzyme elevation. 19 Originally described in Japan, the condition is reported in Caucasian [academic.oup.com]

• Left Ventricular Hypertrophy

  Hypertrophy of more than one region of left ventricular wall and at times of right ventricular wall is also seen. In the apical variant of HCM, myocardial hypertrophy is confined to the apical region of the left ventricle. [intechopen.com]

  […] volume, normal left ventricle wall thickness, normal systolic function, and impaired ventricular filling. 1 The ECG typically reveals decreased voltage despite signs of left ventricular hypertrophy. [aafp.org]

  Echocardiography shows bilateral atrial enlargement with normal ventricular size but significant diffuse left ventricular hypertrophy, especially with amyloidosis. [emedicine.medscape.com]

  Unclassified cardiomyopathies Left ventricular non-compaction Left ventricular non-compaction (LVNC) is characterized by prominent left ventricular trabeculae and deep inter-trabecular recesses. 17 The myocardial wall is often thickened with a thin, compacted [academic.oup.com]

  left ventricular assist device (LVAD)左心補助装置 left ventricular dysfunction左室機能不全 left ventricular failure左室不全 left ventricular function左室機能 left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH)左室肥大 Leriche's syndromeルリッシュ症候群〈血栓性大動脈分岐閉塞症〉 life expectancy寿命、余命 limb lead四肢誘導 [tokyo-med.ac.jp]

Treatment depends on the specific type and cause of cardiomyopathy (see table Diagnosis and Treatment of Cardiomyopathies ). [msdmanuals.com]

Some people will not need any treatment. Treatment of secondary cardiomyopathy may involve treating the underlying condition. [mydr.com.au]

Treatment for dilated cardiomyopathy is directed at the underlying disease. [aafp.org]

[ edit ] Treatment may include suggestion of lifestyle changes to better manage the condition. [en.wikipedia.org]

Their survival primarily depends on the natural history and progression of the disease as well as the response to treatment with anticongestive drugs. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

All three subgroups (Löffler's endocarditis, primary restrictive cardiomyopathy, and endomyocardial fibrosis) have a guarded prognosis. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

However, the prognosis appears to be worse in children than in adults. Genetic cases show autosomal dominant inheritance with incomplete penetrance. [emedicine.medscape.com]

Normal or high EDP, low EF, diffusely dilated hypokinetic ventricles ± AV valve regurgitation Low CO High EDP ± outflow subvalvular gradient ± mitral regurgitation Normal or low CO High EDP, dip and plateau diastolic LV pressure curve Normal or low CO Prognosis [msdmanuals.com]

Cardiac pathology secondary to these conditions is often reversible (9,10), with a substantially better long-term prognosis compared with primary CM. [heartfailure.onlinejacc.org]

The value of strain parameters in early diagnosis and in prognosis is being evaluated [ 72 ]. [intechopen.com]

Despite this, large studies have failed to identify the etiology in the majority of patients. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

[…] damage; and 3) idiopathic if no etiology was established. [heartfailure.onlinejacc.org]

Cardiomyopathies may be classified as either primary or secondary, on the basis of etiology, or on the pathophysiology of the lesion: hypertrophic, dilated, or restrictive. [icd9data.com]

[…] of abnormal substances, as may occur in amyloidosis, hemochromatosis, and other disorders. primary cardiomyopathy that in which the basic pathologic process involves the myocardium itself and not other cardiac structures; the condition is of unknown etiology [medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com]

Rockville, MD, 2000 ↵ Kahn HA, Sempos CT: Statistical Methods in Epidemiology. [care.diabetesjournals.org]

Epidemiology In contrast to coronary heart disease having a higher incidence in the elderly, cardiomyopathies can occur at younger ages. [patient.info]

B 9 Epidemiology In 2006, the AHA classified cardiomyopathies as primary (i.e., genetic, mixed, or acquired) or secondary (e.g., infiltrative, toxic, inflammatory). 1 The four major types are dilated cardiomyopathy, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, restrictive [aafp.org]

Accordingly, the purpose of this single-center cohort study was to assess the disease pattern and outcome of disorders in which the primary pathology is the fetal myocardium and to determine epidemiological and hemodynamic markers associated with adverse [heartfailure.onlinejacc.org]

Children’s Cardiomyopathy Foundation listed in the Resources section of this report or the National Institutes of Health (NIH) clinical trials web site: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ The Pediatric Cardiomyopathy Registry was established to describe the epidemiologic [rarediseases.org]

Cardiomyopathies may be classified as either primary or secondary, on the basis of etiology, or on the pathophysiology of the lesion: hypertrophic, dilated, or restrictive. [icd9data.com]

On the grounds of their morphology and pathophysiology, primary or idiopathic cardiomyopathies may be classified into a number of disorders; namely, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy, dilated cardiomyopathy, [journals.lww.com]

Society and Federation of Cardiology (ISFC) Task Force on the Definition and Classification of the Cardiomyopathies expanded the classification to include all diseases affecting heart muscle and to take into consideration etiology as well as the dominant pathophysiology [proz.com]

Cardiomyopathies may be classified as either primary or secondary, on the basis of etiology, or on the pathophysiology of the lesion: hypertrophic, dilated, or restrictive. [ NCIT : C34830 ] Synonyms: extrinsic cardiomyopathy, [X]Cardiomyopathy in other [ebi.ac.uk]

Is It Possible to Prevent Cardiomyopathy? Cardiomyopathy is a term that describes the end result of many diseases and illnesses. [emedicinehealth.com]

Prevention In many cases, cardiomyopathy cannot be prevented. However, there are some types of cardiomyopathy that can be avoided, such as those that are caused by excessive alcohol or drug use. [mydr.com.au]

Prevention In many cases, you can't prevent cardiomyopathy. Let your doctor know if you have a family history of the condition. [mayoclinic.org]

Management Treatment options are symptomatic and mainly directed towards treatment of heart failure and prevention of thromboembolism and sudden death. [patient.info]

Understand Your Risk for Cardiomyopathy Symptoms and Diagnosis of Cardiomyopathy Prevention and Treatment of Cardiomyopathy Cardiomyopathy in Children Learn more: Family History and Heart Disease Alcohol and Heart Disease Cocaine, Marijuana and Other [heart.org]