Abstract A 36 year old man with a history of testicular germ cell tumour presented six months after bilateral orchidectomy with progressive amnesia, irritability, vertical gaze palsy, and generalised seizures. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

The condition has been called progressive muscular atrophy (PMA), spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), Aran–Duchenne disease, Duchenne–Aran disease, Aran–Duchenne muscular atrophy, and Duchenne–Aran muscular atrophy. [en.wikipedia.org]

[…] tracts Applies To Duchenne-Aran muscular atrophy Progressive muscular atrophy (pure) ICD-9-CM Volume 2 Index entries containing back-references to 335.21 : [icd9data.com]

In particular, there was no serological evidence to suggest an association between persistent infection with any poliovirus type and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis or late-onset postpoliomyelitis progressive muscular atrophy. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Cramps usually precede the loss of strength and the muscle twitches also manifest early on in the disease. [mndcentre.org.uk]

Medications may be prescribed to control involuntary muscle twitching, muscle cramps and excess saliva. However, treatment essentially focuses on retaining function and quality of life, and providing comfort. [southerncross.co.nz]

Muscles twitch (called fasciculations). Muscle tone typically increases, and muscles tend to become stiff and tight, leading to muscle spasms (called spasticity). Movements are stiff and clumsy. [merckmanuals.com]

A single motor neuron may innervate many muscle fibres and a fibre can undergo many action potentials in the time taken for a single muscle twitch. [wikivisually.com]

Van den Bergh PYK, Pieret F (2004) Electrodiagnostic criteria for acute and chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy. Muscle Nerve 29:565–574 PubMed CrossRef Google Scholar 40. [doi.org]

The neuropathological examination revealed not only neuronal loss with gliosis in the facial nucleus, hypoglossal nucleus, and anterior horns of the spinal cord, but also loss of Betz cells and degeneration of the pyramidal tracts. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Neuropathological examination disclosed not only neuronal loss with gliosis in the hypoglossal nucleus and anterior horns of the spinal cord, but also loss of Betz cells and degeneration of the pyramidal tract. [doi.org]

(A–D) Loss of Betz cells in the primary motor cortex: stage ( ), the Betz cells were spared in number and gliosis was absent (A); stage ( ), mild neuronophagia and gliosis were noted (B) and stage ( ), marked neuronophagia and glial proliferation were [bmjopen.bmj.com]

Loss of motor neurons and hypercellularity due to gliosis. At one end of the spectrum, SMA 0, are cases that have a prenatal onset, paralysis of facial and extraocular muscles, and a very short survival. [neuropathology-web.org]