However, significant numbers of patients with benign prostate biopsies presented with PSA above 12 ng/ml (82/260 32%). [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Recurrent Inflammation

  In addition, bacterial and viral infection may lead to chronic and recurrent inflammation of the prostate. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Dysgeusia

  An association between dysgeusia and dysuria has not been described before. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Enlargement of the Prostate

  Benign prostatic hyperplasia or hypertrophy (BPH) is a non-cancerous enlargement of the prostate gland; it is the most common type of prostate disease in men. [urologist-perth.com.au]

  Some men with only slightly enlarged prostates can have significant symptoms, while other men with very enlarged prostates can have only minor urinary symptoms. In some men, symptoms eventually stabilize and might even improve over time. [mayoclinic.org]

  Non-cancerous enlargement of the prostate (BPH) Non-cancerous enlargement of the prostate, or benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), is more common as men get older. It is not life threatening, but can significantly affect your quality of life. [betterhealth.vic.gov.au]

  This disease may affect men of any age and can occur in any prostate whether small or enlarged. Symptoms of prostatitis are similar to those caused by an enlarged prostate and include urge frequency with difficulty in emptying the bladder. [med.virginia.edu]

  A TURP removes only the enlarged tissue; normal prostatic tissue and its outer capsule are left intact. [medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com]

• Urinary Retention

  Patients almost always present with urinary retention. Fifteen prostatectomies performed at Alotau Hospital are reviewed. Surgical techniques and associated problems are discussed. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  However, acute urinary retention and kidney damage can be serious health threats. Having an enlarged prostate is not believed to increase your risk of developing prostate cancer. [mayoclinic.org]

  They often presented with lower urinary tract symptoms (45.5%) and urinary retention (41.5%), although a significant proportion of cases were missing clinical information (10.1%). [ajol.info]

  Sensations of incomplete emptying, terminal dribbling, overflow incontinence, or complete urinary retention may ensue. [merckmanuals.com]

  Significant urinary retention and backing up of urine to the kidneys is particularly dangerous and can lead to uremia (toxic levels of urea in the blood). In addition, the risk of cancer increases with age. The St. [oncotherm.com]

• Nocturia

  Symptoms and Signs Symptoms of BPH include a constellation of symptoms that are often progressive, known collectively as lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS): Urinary frequency Urgency Nocturia Hesitancy Intermittency Frequency, urgency, and nocturia are [merckmanuals.com]

  Symptoms are those of bladder outlet obstruction—weak stream, hesitancy, urinary frequency, urgency, nocturia, incomplete emptying, terminal dribbling, overflow or urge incontinence, and complete urinary retention. [msdmanuals.com]

  […] have finished urinating (chronic) or you are unable to pass urine at all (acute) Irritative symptoms Frequency – the need to urinate a short time after you have been Urgency – the need to urinate immediately, a sensation that you may leak if you delay Nocturia [urologist-perth.com.au]

  Common signs and symptoms of BPH include: Frequent or urgent need to urinate Increased frequency of urination at night (nocturia) Difficulty starting urination Weak urine stream or a stream that stops and starts Dribbling at the end of urination Inability [mayoclinic.org]

  Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH) – swelling of the prostate gland which surrounds the base of the male bladder and urethra causing difficulty urinating, dribbling, and nocturia (remember that word? See urinary system). The bane of old men! [dmu.edu]

• Hematuria

  Blood in the urine ( hematuria) can be a sign that there is prostate cancer, in particular with other signs of prostatic -prekanceroza, which requires immediate examination by a specialist or a doctor. [altera.si]

  Urine analysis showed microscopic hematuria with plenty of pus cells but culture did not suggest any growth. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Straining to void can cause congestion of superficial veins of the prostatic urethra and trigone, which may rupture and cause hematuria. [merckmanuals.com]

  Hematuria may suggest prostatic disease but can arise from anywhere in the genitourinary tract. Incontinence is not generally a result of purely prostatic disease. [aneskey.com]

  Although this complication has become much less common, chronic BOO secondary to BPH may lead to urinary retention, renal insufficiency, recurrent urinary tract infections, gross hematuria, and bladder calculi. [emedicine.medscape.com]

• Painful Ejaculation

  Others have pain or burning during urination, blood in the urine or semen, pain in the back, hips, or pelvis, and painful ejaculation. [medicinenet.com]

  Prostate cancer symptoms include difficulty with beginning urination, a frequent need to urinate, primarily at night; the inability to urinate; weak or sporadic urine flow; painful or a burning sensation during urination; painful ejaculation; blood in [med.virginia.edu]

Diagnostic Criteria Whether volunteered by the patient or elicited by the primary care provider, voiding symptoms usually initiate the workup for BPH. [aneskey.com]

In addition, peak urinary flow, voided volume, and symptoms may worsen over time in men with untreated BPH (see Workup ). The risk of AUR and the need for corrective surgery increases with age. [emedicine.medscape.com]

Prostate cancer A sudden onset of erectile dysfunction may be a sign that a man has prostate cancer, so your doctor will likely order a prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test and do a digital rectal exam during the diagnostic workup to assess this possibility [harvardprostateknowledge.org]

• Prostatic Lesion

  Our results indicate that prostatic lesions whether benign or malignant are not associated with either elevation of serum amylase or abnormal isozyme zymograms. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Erinomo, “Histopathological Pattern of Prostatic Lesions in Lagos University Teaching Hospital (LUTH) Lagos: A 12-Month Prospective Autopsy Study (January to December 2009),” Dissertation, The National Postgraduate Medical College of Nigeria, Lagos, 2010 [scirp.org]

Human prostatic cancer cell lines LNCaP and DU 145 were studied to examine the effects of heat shock treatment (HST), androgen (5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone: 5 alpha DHT) and antiandrogen (hydroxyflutamide: OH-Flut) on cell growth and survival. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Alternative healing treatment of prostate cancer, prostatitis to eliminate the cause of -geo radiation. [altera.si]

Abstract Investigation of biological variables in prostatic disease may not only prevent patients with a good prognosis being overtreated, but allow better selection of appropriate therapy, and may identify potential targets for novel therapies. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Report to the Nation on Prostate Cancer 2004, Chapter 1: Detection, Diagnosis, and Prognosis of Prostate Cancer CME [64 paragraphs]. Medscape Today, Clinical Update [On-line CME]. Dostupné na: 11. (2004, August 17, Reviewed). [labtestsonline.cz]

Professional Contact a health care professional if you develop: Difficulty with urination Pain in the groin, testicles or back Pain during sexual intercourse An adverse reaction to an antibiotic or other medication given to treat your prostate infection Prognosis [drugs.com]

Prognosis The most important and established indicators of prognosis for prostate carcinoma include the Gleason grade, the extent of tumor volume, and the presence of capsular penetration or margin positivity at the time of prostatectomy. [emedicine.medscape.com]

Abstract Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and the various parameters derived utilizing this marker have increased our ability to diagnose early prostatic disease; however, their accuracy in identifying the etiology of the disease remains somewhat limited [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

The etiology is unknown but probably involves hormonal changes associated with aging. Resources In This Article [msdmanuals.com]

Etiology, epidemiology, and natural history of benign prostatic hyperplasia. Urol. Clin. North. Am, 36(4), 2009: 403 – 415 8. Thomas, Clayton L., Editor (1997). Taber’s Cyclopedic Medical Dictionary. F.A. [labtestsonline.cz]

The etiology is unknown but probably involves hormonal changes associated with aging. [merckmanuals.com]

Abstract An increasing number of preclinical data, epidemiological evidences and clinical trials point to a potential role of natural compounds like herbal extracts, carotenoids and specific metals in the prevention and/or treatment of different prostate [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Zaridze DG, Boyle P: Cancer of the prostate: Epidemiology and aetiology. Br J Urol 1987;59:493–503. Skeet RG: Epidemiology of urological tumours; in Williams DI, Chisholm GD (eds); Scientific Foundations of Urology, vol II. [karger.com]

Rich, “On the Frequency of Occurrence of Occult Carcinoma of the Prostate,” International Journal of Epidemiology, Vol. 36, No. 2, 2007, pp. 274-277. doi:10.1093/ije/dym050 [ 19 ] F. F. Angwafo III, A. Zaher, R. Befidi-Mengue, A. Wonkam, I. [scirp.org]

Epidemiology Despite the frequency of BPH and the quantity of resources invested in BPH treatment, the epidemiology of the condition remains poorly studied ( Guess, 1995 ). The main risk factors are age and the presence of androgens. [aneskey.com]

ANATOMY, PHYSIOLOGY, AND PATHOPHYSIOLOGY The base of the prostate lies superiorly against the bladder; the apex lies below, against the urogenital diaphragm. [aneskey.com]

BPH involves the stromal and epithelial elements of the prostate arising in the periurethral and transition zones of the gland (see Pathophysiology ). [emedicine.medscape.com]

Pathophysiology [ edit ] Benign prostate hyperplasia As men age, the enzymes aromatase and 5-alpha reductase increase in activity. [en.wikipedia.org]

The Prostate Cancer Prevention Trial has clearly stated the chemopreventive properties of finasteride for prostate cancer but the necessity to provide such preventive therapy to a specific group of men with a higher risk to develop a clinically significant [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

However, early treatment of prostate conditions is extremely important in order to prevent painful and risky surgery or even cancer. Too few men take advantage of prostate cancer screening. [oncotherm.com]