We present a case of a 35-year-old male with a history of hypercoagulability and St. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Fever

  Case 2 was a 79-year-old woman presenting with fever 40 days after aortic valve replacement with a bioprosthesis. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Recurrent Infection

  He recovered well without recurrent infection following completion of antibiotics and transthoracic echocardiogram at 12 months showed a normal functioning prosthetic valve. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Fever of Unknown Origin

  A 36-year-old man, who had undergone an aortic valve replacement (AVR) 7 years prior, was hospitalized with a high fever of unknown origin. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Chest Discomfort

  An 82-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital with a high fever and chest discomfort. She had undergone aortic valve replacement 3 years earlier. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Animal Bite

  In humans, they are frequently found in infected animal bite wounds, but invasive infections are rare. This is the first report of prosthetic-valve endocarditis with a Pasteurella dagmatis-like species, which originated from the patient's cat. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Pertussis

  B. holmesii, a strictly aerobic, small, Gram-negative coccobacillus, has been implicated as an infrequent cause of a pertussis-like syndrome and other respiratory illnesses. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Aspiration

  In a patient with staphylococcus lugdunensis prosthetic aortic valve endocarditis and coronary septic embolism accompanied by antero-lateral myocardial infarction, embolic material was successfully aspirated from the bifurcation of the left anterior descending [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Heart Disease

  disease Mitral valve prolapse Age-related degenerative heart disease Heart disease due to underlying connective tissue disorders Heart disease due to syphilis Any cause of bacteremia that may include medical procedures such as: Oral surgery, tooth extraction [dovemed.com]

  Prevention of cardiovascular events and death with pravastatin in patients with coronary heart disease and a broad range of initial cholesterol levels. ‏ [books.google.com]

  Experience of the Veterans Affairs Cooperative Study on Valvular Heart Disease. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1994; 108 (2): 207-14[ PubMed ] 8. Sett SS, Hudon MP, Jamieson WR, Chow AW. Prosthetic valve endocarditis. [jjmicrobiol.com]

  Clinical Topics: Cardiac Surgery, Heart Failure and Cardiomyopathies, Invasive Cardiovascular Angiography and Intervention, Prevention, Valvular Heart Disease, Cardiac Surgery and Arrhythmias, Cardiac Surgery and Heart Failure, Cardiac Surgery and VHD [acc.org]

  Diseases listed under high risk include: Prior endocarditis Unrepaired cyanotic congenital heart diseases Completely repaired congenital heart disease in their first 6 months Prosthetic heart valves Incompletely repaired congenital heart diseases Cardiac [en.wikipedia.org]

• Heart Murmur

  Prominent clinical features include fever, new or changing heart murmurs, leukocytosis, anemia and hematuria. The etiologic microorganism can be isolated in more than 90% of all cases. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  During a physical examination, the physician will look for the presence of the following: Low-grade fever A new or changing heart murmur Janeway lesions Osler’s nodes Roth’s spots Splinter hemorrhages Conjunctival hemorrhages Weakness/paralysis of a part [dovemed.com]

  The most common clinical features are fever, major peripheral emboli, and a changing heart murmur. Less frequently, the patients present focal or generalized neurologic deficits, heart failure or dyspnea. [cureus.com]

  Heart murmurs are found in up to 85% and new murmurs have been recently reported in 48% of patients. [patient.info]

  Specialty Cardiology, Infectious disease Symptoms Fever, small areas of bleeding into the skin, heart murmur, feeling tired, low red blood cells [1] Complications Valvular insufficiency, heart failure, stroke, kidney failure [2] [1] Causes Bacterial infection [en.wikipedia.org]

• Systolic Murmur

  Examination revealed a temperature of 40 C and a systolic murmur in the aortic area. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Oral temperature was 37.6 C, mechanical heart sounds were heard, as well as a 2/6 apical systolic murmur. The physical examination was otherwise unremarkable. [springerplus.springeropen.com]

  Physical examination revealed fever, a splinter hemorrhage, and an ejection systolic murmur. [wwwnc.cdc.gov]

• Diastolic Murmur

  On physical examination the patient was pale and presented with bilateral lower limb edema, jugular distension and a grade II/IV diastolic murmur on the left sternal border. [elsevier.pt]

• Acne Vulgaris

  acne vulgaris, which can cause systemic infection, are often overlooked [ 4 ]. Regarding this, Clayton et al., reported that skin infection is a risk factor for infective endocarditis [ 5 ]. [hoajonline.com]

• Altered Mental Status

  A 63-year-old man with an aortic bioprosthetic valve was brought to the emergency room with altered mental status. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Blood Culture Positive

  positive for infectious organisms Blood cultures that are positive for microorganisms, which are taken 12 hours apart 3 blood cultures positive on separate occasions that are taken at least 1 hour apart Abnormalities in echocardiogram showing either a [dovemed.com]

  (table 2 below) Modified Duke criteria for the diagnosis of IE (Adapted from Li & al) MAJOR CRITERIA Blood culture positive for IE Typical microorganims consistent with IE from 2 separate blood cultures: Viridans streptococcus, Streptococcus bovis, HACEK [wikiecho.org]

• Mycoplasma Hominis

  We report what is believed to be the first case of late-onset prosthetic valve endocarditis caused by Mycoplasma hominis in a case of blood culture-negative endocarditis. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  García Moya Note 68 Downloads 15 Citations Abstract Mycoplasma hominis endocarditis is extremely uncommon and difficult to diagnose. [link.springer.com]

• Mycobacterium Fortuitum

  Blood cultures grew Mycobacterium fortuitum, a biofilm-associated microbe. The role of biofilm in prosthetic valve endocarditis is discussed. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Capnocytophaga Canimorsus

  We describe a rare case of prosthetic valve endocarditis caused by the canine bacterium Capnocytophaga canimorsus in a male aged 73 years. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Data concerning clinical characteristics, treatment, and outcome were registered. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Fungal prosthetic valve endocarditis is an extremely severe form of infective endocarditis, with poor prognosis and high mortality despite treatment. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

It has a bad prognosis and high morbidity and mortality due to cardiac or extracardiac complications. 1-3 It is often managed by heart surgery 2,4,5 and numerous studies indicate that the prognosis of patients with PVE is better using a combined medical-surgical [revespcardiol.org]

A literature review revealed 646 cases of PVE with an identified etiology, of which 264 (41%) were caused by coagulase-negative staphylococci and 43 (7%) by Streptococcus spp. This is in agreement with the current study findings. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

The predominant etiologic agents are bacteria followed by fungi. Fungal endocarditis (FE) is an uncommon occurrence and the most severe form of IE. [omicsonline.org]

Candida albicans is the most common etiological agent for this rare but increasingly frequent condition. [elsevier.pt]

In addition, a 5-year outlook offers consolidated knowledge on epidemiological trends of both culprit organisms and population subgroups suffering (and projected to suffer) from PVE. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

In this review, changes in epidemiology, microbiology, diagnosis and therapy that have evolved in the past few years are analyzed. [journals.lww.com]

CRC Press, ١٣‏/٠٣‏/٢٠٠٧ - 388 من الصفحات The first up-to-date source on the subject in more than a decade, this authoritative and all-encompassing guide summarizes the latest findings on the epidemiology, pathogenesis, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations [books.google.com]

Early infection ( Microbiology: Staph aureus (40%) Coag neg staph (20%) Cx neg (20%) Fungal (10% Late infection: pathophysiology more similar to native valve endocarditis (adherence to platelet-fibrin thrombi on valve), as foreign material has become [errolozdalga.com]

This case demonstrates that carefully weighing the risks and benefits of continuing anticoagulation is essential in preventing poor outcomes. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Prevention of cardiovascular events and death with pravastatin in patients with coronary heart disease and a broad range of initial cholesterol levels. ‏ [books.google.com]