However, positive culture results must be considered in conjunction with a patient's presentation for an accurate diagnosis to be made. [statpearls.com]

This was an atypical clinical presentation of UTI. [jmedicalcasereports.biomedcentral.com]

The pathogens can also be ingested via the intestinal tract, for example, when it is present in contaminated food. The germs spread quickly because they are very agile. [hygiene-in-practice.com]

Present results, therefore, indicate that expanded-spectrum cephalosporins and BLBLIC are not reliable options for BSI episodes due to ESBL-P-PM isolates. [aac.asm.org]

More often, women present with UTI, flank pain, or hematuria and are found to have a persistently alkaline urine pH (>7.0). [emedicine.medscape.com]

• Fever

  The patient’s fever did not recur during the remainder of her hospital stay. [jmedicalcasereports.biomedcentral.com]

  Patients also may present with a fever which may be indicative of a more severe condition, such as pyelonephritis, bacteremia, or impending sepsis. [statpearls.com]

  Treatment outcome was classified as follows: (i) “complete response,” resolution of fever, leukocytosis, and local signs and symptoms of infection; (ii) “partial response,” improvement of fever, leukocytosis, and local signs and symptoms of infection [aac.asm.org]

• Costovertebral Angle Tenderness

  Additional symptoms that are more definitive of pyelonephritis include flank pain, costovertebral angle tenderness, nausea and vomiting, fever, hematuria, and occasionally an enlarged kidney felt on palpation. [statpearls.com]

• Dark Urine

  Cystitis, on the other hand, tends to present acutely with dysuria, increased frequency, and urgency of urination, suprapubic or back pain, small volume urine, dark urine, or hematuria. [statpearls.com]

[…] for the remainder of treatment. [jmedicalcasereports.biomedcentral.com]

Treatment / Management Empirical treatment for an uncomplicated UTI caused by P. mirabilis (much like other uncomplicated UTIs) involves outpatient treatment with either a 3-day course of trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMZ) or an oral fluoroquinolone [statpearls.com]

The average duration of treatment was 10.9 days (range, 7 to 19 days). [aac.asm.org]

Failure to treat or a delay in treatment can result in SIRS, which carries a mortality rate of 20%-50%. [emedicine.medscape.com]

Prognosis The vast majority of proteus infections are associated with the urinary tract. Most of the infections are sensitive to the currently available antibiotics and the outcomes are good in immunocompetent patients. [statpearls.com]

Overall, the disease has a favorable prognosis. Availability of data and materials All data generated or analyzed during this study are included in this published article. [jmedicalcasereports.biomedcentral.com]

Etiology Ninety percent of Proteus infections occur as a result of P. mirabilis, and these are considered community-acquired infections. [4][5][6] Though not a common cause of nosocomial infections, Proteus species have also been shown to cause infection [statpearls.com]

Etiology and ecology. Arch. Intern. Med.110:847-864. 23.↵ Menashe, G., A. Borer, P. Yagupsky, N. Peled, J. Gilad, D. Fraser, K. Riesenberg, and F. Schlaeffer. 2001. [aac.asm.org]

Epidemiology Frequency United States The genitourinary tract is the site of disease responsible for gram-negative bacteremia in approximately 35% of patients. [emedicine.medscape.com]

Objectives: Identify the epidemiology of proteus infections in non-hospitalized versus hospitalized patients. Describe the clinical manifestations of Proteus infections. [statpearls.com]

In fact, ESBL production has been reported among P. mirabilis in several epidemiological settings, with a prevalence that can exceed 20% in some areas (39). [aac.asm.org]

Although other organisms can trigger a similar response, it is useful to consider gram-negative bacteremia as a distinct entity because of its characteristic epidemiology, pathogenesis, pathophysiology, and treatment. [emedicine.medscape.com]

Pathophysiology The interaction between P. mirabilis and the host defense (immune) system determines the resultant infection. [statpearls.com]

Disinfectant effectiveness for prevention The necessary spectrum of activity against Proteus mirabilis is: bactericidal How to prevent Surgical Site Infections In Europe, Surgical Site Infections (SSI) are the second most common cause of hospital-acquired [hygiene-in-practice.com]

References [1] Marcon J,Schubert S,Stief CG,Magistro G, In vitro efficacy of phytotherapeutics suggested for prevention and therapy of urinary tract infections. [statpearls.com]

Results were interpreted according to guidelines published by the Centers for Diseases Control and Prevention (13). [aac.asm.org]

Development of an intranasal vaccine to prevent urinary tract infection by Proteus mirabilis. Infect Immun. 2004 Jan. 72(1):66-75. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. Lipsky BA. Urinary tract infections in men. [emedicine.medscape.com]

MRI is the most sensitive mode of examination for detecting vertebral osteomyelitis, and its diagnostic accuracy can be maximized if it is performed using contrast agents, fat-suppressed sequences, and subtraction images to prevent bone marrow and fat [jmedicalcasereports.biomedcentral.com]