To the best of our knowledge, we present here the first documented case of OS associated with pseudomonilethrix hair shaft abnormality. Keywords: A.. [jtad.org]

However, using trichogram analysis, pseudomoniletrix hair does not present with dystrophic constrictions but with flattened irregular beading. [orpha.net]

Atypical presentation of herpes simplex (chronic hypertrophic herpes) in a patient with HIV infection. Pathology 2001; 33: 532–535. 6 Fangman WL, Rao CH, Myers SA. Hypertrophic herpes simplex virus in HIV patients. [yumpu.com]

To the best of our knowledge, we present here the first documented case of OS associated with pseudomonilethrix hair shaft abnormality. [semanticscholar.org]

• Swelling

  Medical dictionary pseudomonilethrix * * * pseu·do·mo·nil·e·thrix (soo″do-mo-nilґə-thriks) a condition, inherited as an autosomal dominant trait, in which the hairs exhibit irregularly spaced nodal swellings, the internodal areas being normal; cf. monilethrix [medicine.en-academic.com]

  — Crounse and Bentley-Phillips suggest the existence of a previously undescribed hair-shaft disorder characterized by… Pseudomonilethrix is a microscopic hair shaft abnormality characterized by small beaded globular swellings. It is an artifact… [semanticscholar.org]

  Abstract Abstract • Pseudomonilethrix is a microscopic hair shaft abnormality characterized by small beaded globular swellings. [deepdyve.com]

  Abstract Pseudomonilethrix is a microscopic hair shaft abnormality characterized by small beaded globular swellings. [pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Alopecia

  The most frequent conditions are: Acne keloidalis nuchae Alopecia areata Alopecia areata incognito Alopecia senilis Anagen effluvium Androgenetic alopecia Aplasia cutis congenita central centrifugal cicatricial alopecia Congenital triangular alopecia [tricholab.com]

  Chemotherapy-induced alopecia. Curr Opin Support Palliat Care. 2010;4(4):281–4. CrossRef PubMed Google Scholar Yeager CE, Olsen EA. Treatment of chemotherapy-induced alopecia. Dermatol Ther. 2011;24(4):432–42. [link.springer.com]

  Ectodermal Dysplasia and Other Genetic Syndromes Associated with Hair Loss Part VII Acquired Nonscarring Alopecia 16. Alopecia Areata 17. Androgenetic Alopecia 18. Telogen Effluvium 19. Anagen Effluvium 20. [berri.es]

  The hair is normal at birth; however, in a few months the patient develops keratotic papules, alopecia and brittle hair. [ijdvl.com]

  Differential diagnosis Differential diagnosis includes pseudomonilethrix that presents with diffuse alopecia or alopecia limited to the occipital area. [orpha.net]

• Normal Hair

  […] microscopic appearances of the normal hair are briefly described. [semanticscholar.org]

  Trichorrhexis Invaginata-(Nethertons syndrome) Trichorrhexis invaginata (also known as "Bamboo hair") is a distinctive hair shaft abnormality that may occur sporadically, either in normal hair or with other hair shaft abnormalities, or regularly as a [indiamart.com]

  Microscopic examination of hair showed that the hair shaft has spindle-shaped swellings by constricted internodes of normal appearance. [yumpu.com]

  The hair were of varying lengths; many were broken. Hair with normal morphology were seen interspersed within these beaded hair. [ijdvl.com]

  Bubble hair. “Case caused by an overheating hair dryer and reproducibility in normal hair with heat”. J Am Acad Dermatol 1994; 30: 54-60. Brown V, Crounse R, Abele D. “An unusual new hair shaft abnormality: bubble hair”. [medigraphic.com]

• Brittle Hair

  The hair is normal at birth; however, in a few months the patient develops keratotic papules, alopecia and brittle hair. [ijdvl.com]

  “Trichothyodystrophy: Sulfurdeficient brittle hair as a marker for a neuroectodermal symptom complex”. Arch Dermatol 1980; 116: 1375-1384. Zhu WY, Xia MY. “Trichonodosis”. Pediatr Dermatol 1993; 10: 3923. Hordinsky M. “Pelo, uñas y mucosas”. [medigraphic.com]

  […] doi.org/10.1001/jamadermatol.2019.4608 Stefanini, Trichothiodystrophy: from basic mechanisms to clinical implications, DNA Repair (Amst), № 9, с. 2 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dnarep.2009.10.005 Itin, Trichothiodystrophy: update on the sulfur-deficient brittle [ouci.dntb.gov.ua]

  Trichothiodystrophy: update on the sulfur-deficient brittle hair syndromes. J Am Acad Dermatol, 44 (2001), pp. 891-920 [40] D.A. Whiting, L.C. Dy. Office diagnosis of hair shaft defects. Semin Cutan Med Surg, 25 (2006), pp. 24-34 [41] M.A. [actasdermo.org]

• Hyperkeratosis

  Localized (occipital region) or generalized marked follicular hyperkeratosis may also be seen (Figure 1.1). [perlego.com]

  Alopecia, associated with follicular hyperkeratosis and perifollicular erythema, can involve only the occiput and the nape of the neck or, in severe forms, the entire scalp, the eyebrows and eyelashes, and secondary hair. [orpha.net]

  Can be seen small nodules hyperkeratosis. When microscopy on the rods hair determined by the spindle - shaped thickening and waist. It was established diagnosis - monilethrix. [oatext.com]

  Another common symptom may be the appearance of elevated spots (papules) surrounding the hair follicles that may be covered with gray or brown crusts or scales (perifollicular hyperkeratosis). [rarediseases.org]

  Other possible findings include erythema, perifollicular hyperkeratosis, and even follicular papules. [actasdermo.org]

• Keratosis

  Observation: Olmsted syndrome (OS) is a very rare genetic disorder, which includes diffuse alopecia, leukokeratose of oral mucosa, onychodystrophy, hyperkeratotic linear streaks, follicular keratosis and anhidrosis. [jtad.org]

  Kelekçi Published 2014 Medicine Observation: Olmsted syndrome (OS) is a very rare genetic disorder, which includes diffuse alopecia, leukokeratose of oral mucosa, onychodystrophy, hyperkeratotic linear streaks, follicular keratosis and anhidrosis. [semanticscholar.org]

  We could not appreciate keratosis pilaris at the scalp, nape of the neck, or extensor surfaces of the upper arm <strong>and</strong> thigh. [yumpu.com]

  Marked follicular hyperkeratosis may also be seen in patients with keratosis follicularis spinulosa decalvans (Siemens syndrome).2 Monilethrix can also affect the eyebrows (Fig. 3B), eyelashes, and body hair. [actasdermo.org]

• Suggestibility

  — Crounse and Bentley-Phillips suggest the existence of a previously undescribed hair-shaft disorder characterized by… Pseudomonilethrix is a microscopic hair shaft abnormality characterized by small beaded globular swellings. It is an artifact… [semanticscholar.org]

  Acquired disorders can be treated and a permanent cure can be given but even for genetic problems hair care can be suggested. When we see genetic anomaly of hair, any other congenital anomalies or syndromes are always ruled out. [indiamart.com]

  We suggest the term “regularly bended ribbon sign” for describing the specific dermoscopic feature of monilethrix. It differentiates monilethrix from pseudomonilethrix and other causes of hair loss. [jddonline.com]

  It is suggested that both short and long hairs be chosen because different lengths along the shaft may show a different pathology. The clipped hairs are examined by 10 x power light microscopy. [iranhaircenter.com]

  The etiology is complex and suggests a psychosocial stressor within the family or environment [2]. The majority of patients with this disorder deny the factitious origin of their hair loss, which was also the case in our patient. [karger.com]

Treatment- Acquired hair shaft problem like TN, Spilt ends, Green hair etc are treated symptomatically educating patient on hair care and if needed therapies for hydrating hair can be given. [indiamart.com]

This is why an accurate evaluation of hair loss is essential for a successful treatment. In Latin, hair loss is called “alopecia”. [tricholab.com]

There are currently no effective treatments for pili torti. [actasdermo.org]

Management and treatment Treatment is disappointing. The best measure is to avoid the mechanical action of combing and brushing. Depilation only achieves repopulation with normal looking hair for a short while. [orpha.net]

Dermatol, № 50, с. 1 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-4632.2010.04768.x Ferrando Camacho-Martínez, Hair shaft dysplasias, Int J Dermatol, № 27, с. 71 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-4362.1988.tb01277.x Itin, Hair shaft abnormalities-clues to diagnosis and treatment [ouci.dntb.gov.ua]

Prognosis The course of the localized form of monilethrix can be favorable with a reduction of hypotrichosis with time. In general, hypotrichosis improves with age, although remissions have been noted during puberty or pregnancy. [orpha.net]

Structural abnormalities in the hair shaft are sometimes clues to the diagnosis of more complex diseases in which early treatment can improve prognosis. [actasdermo.org]

The prognosis of this disease is unknown. [oatext.com]

[…] shaft abnormalities-clues to diagnosis and treatment, Dermatology, № 211, с. 63 https://doi.org/10.1159/000085582 Serrano-Falcon, Hair and scalp evaluation: the trichogram, Actas Dermosifiliogr, № 104, с. 867 Ferrando, Hair dysplasias, с. 33 Singh, Prognosis [ouci.dntb.gov.ua]

Etiology Four genes have been associated with monilethrix: KRT81, KRT83 and KRT86, coding for the type II hair keratins Hb1, Hb3 and Hb6, and are responsible for the autosomal dominant form of the disease. [orpha.net]

The etiology is complex and suggests a psychosocial stressor within the family or environment [2]. The majority of patients with this disorder deny the factitious origin of their hair loss, which was also the case in our patient. [karger.com]

Summary Epidemiology The prevalence and incidence are not known. Clinical description Monilethrix has an early onset in infancy. [orpha.net]

Improvement Performance Measures Perioperative Care and Consultation Pharmacoeconomics Pharmacoepidemiology Pharmacogenetics Pharmacy and Clinical Pharmacology Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Physical Therapy Physician Leadership Poetry Population Health Preventive [jamanetwork.com]

Dermoscopy may prevent the misdiagnosis of iatrogenic pseudomonilethrix which is caused by pressed overlapping hair in glass slides prepared for microscopic examination.[4] Another use of dermoscopy would be to quickly assess the extent of involvement [ijdvl.com]