Symptoma

Psychoactive Substance

Agents Affecting Mood and Behavior

RESULTS: Data were collected on a total of 5529 presentations involving 8709 drugs (median (interquartile range [IQR]): 1 (1-2) drugs per presentation), a median of 0.3% of all ER attendances. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  • Tachycardia

    In the severe cases, agitation, hallucinations, dilated pupils without light reaction, tachycardia, hypertension, hyperthermia, myoclonus, muscle rigidity, arrhythmias, seizures, rhabdomyolysis, and/or renal failure were noted. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

    However, it produces greater hypertension, and produces some unique stimulant effects not shared with ketamine, such as tachycardia (faster heart rate) and ataxia (unsteadiness). [nationalelfservice.net]

  • Visual Hallucination

    Activation of serotonin 2A receptors underlies the psilocybin-induced effects on α oscillations, N170 visual-evoked potentials, and visual hallucinations. J. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  • Aggressive Behavior

    Frank, Prenatal, perinatal, and adolescent exposure to marijuana: Relationships with aggressive behavior, Neurotoxicology and Teratology, 58, (60), (2016). [doi.org]

    Intense cocaine self-administration after episodic social defeat stress, but not after aggressive behavior: dissociation from corticosterone activation. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  • Confusion

    Such confusion is particularly common with regard to the meaning of closely-related terms, as outlined below. [apps.who.int]

    Stimulant NPS These can make you feel overconfident and disinhibited, induce feelings of anxiety, panic, confusion, paranoia, and even cause psychosis, which can lead you to put your own safety at risk. [talktofrank.com]

    The new bill’s provisions mainly clarify a rather confusing and haphazard approach to legal highs, which were not anticipated when drugs laws were created in the 1970s. [theguardian.com]

    The reported side effects of various NPS are sickness, black-outs, anxiety, paranoid states, hallucinations, psychosis, nose bleeds, diarrhea, short-term memory loss, severe mood swings, panic, violence, confusion, and paranoia.NPS’s also put a strain [highspeedtraining.co.uk]

  • Hyperalgesia

    The objective of this study was to determine if this group demonstrates hyperalgesia. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

    Bebarta, Opioid-induced hyperalgesia—worsening pain in opioid-dependent patients, The American Journal of Emergency Medicine, 31, 2, (458.e5), (2013). Wei J. [doi.org]

Urine samples were collected after administration of diphenidine to rats and analyzed using different sample workup procedures with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and liquid chromatography-(high resolution)-mass spectrometry (LC-(HR)-MS) [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  • Toxoplasma Gondii

    BACKGROUND: Toxoplasma gondii infection has been associated with psychiatric diseases. However, there is no information about the link between this infection and patients with mental and behavioral disorders due to psychoactive substance use. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  • Staphylococcus Aureus

    Such risk factors may underlie the association between injection of the NPS alpha-pyrrolidinovalerophenone (α-PVP) and HIV infections among homeless PWID in Dublin, and Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes infections in people who injected [nationalelfservice.net]

This will aid treatment planning and can also measure treatment outcome. Copyright 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

[…] and measurement of addictive consumption, the treatment of private costs, the measurement of intangible costs, the treatment of non-workforce mortality and morbidity, the treatment of research, education, law enforcement costs, the estimation of avoidable [who.int]

such as the use of medications, with social and behavioral treatments [apa.org]

Outlook (Prognosis) Drug abuse and dependence may lead to a fatal drug overdose. Some people start taking the drugs again after they have stopped. Relapses can lead to continued dependence. [web.archive.org]

Long-term outlook Once these babies have worked through their withdrawal period, what is their long-term prognosis? The effects of drugs and alcohol on the developing infant can go way beyond just the physical symptoms. [sheknows.com]

CONCLUSIONS: It might be important to consider temperamental traits as protective- and risk factors in the etiology, prevention and therapy of substance abuse in future. Copyright 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Manifestation code identifies conditions for which it is important to record both the etiology and the symptom of the disease. [books.google.com]

Factors explaining variance in beliefs among addiction-treatment providers regarding the etiology of addiction were investigated ( n 295). [doi.org]

KEYWORDS: Acute toxicity; Emergency Room; epidemiology; prescription medicines [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

This dynamic situation puts pressure on drug monitoring organisations that use wastewater-based epidemiology as they find it difficult to keep up with the changes. [spectroscopynow.com]

Medical Complications of Drug Use 840 Acute and Chronic Pain 863 Substance Use Disorders in Individuals with CoOccurring Psychiatric Disorders 904 Epidemiology and Emerging Public Health Perspectives 913 HIVRelated Medical Complications and Treatment [books.google.com]

The Global Burden of Disease note that the range of epidemiological studies they draw upon for global and national estimates are unequally distributed across disorders, age groups, countries and epidemiological parameters. 16 Utilising these studies to [ourworldindata.org]

Chapter 1 introduces the epidemiological aspects of substance use disorders and provides information on the level of need for treatment. Chapter 2 illustrates health service resources. [who.int]

Springer 2013 Gasotransmitters: Physiology and Pathophysiology Kimura H (Part:Contributor, Physiological and pathophysiological functions of hydrogen sulfide.) [researchmap.jp]

David P Finn, Maria-Paz Viveros and Eva M Marco, The endocannabinoid system and emotional processing: pathophysiology and therapeutic potential, Journal of Psychopharmacology, 26, 1, (3), (2012). Shizhong Han, Bao-Zhu Yang, Henry R. [doi.org]

First of all, there is no gene coding specifically for the pathophysiology of addiction. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Our findings suggest that universal education about NPS be incorporated into existing drug prevention programmes, and that targeted NPS prevention may also be warranted among high-risk adolescents. [Champion KE, Teesson M, Newton NC. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Henrik Jungaberle is a social scientist and prevention practitioner specialized in drug science and psychedelic research. [mind-foundation.org]

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