In the severe cases, agitation, hallucinations, dilated pupils without light reaction, tachycardia, hypertension, hyperthermia, myoclonus, muscle rigidity, arrhythmias, seizures, rhabdomyolysis, and/or renal failure were noted. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

However, it produces greater hypertension, and produces some unique stimulant effects not shared with ketamine, such as tachycardia (faster heart rate) and ataxia (unsteadiness). [nationalelfservice.net]

Activation of serotonin 2A receptors underlies the psilocybin-induced effects on α oscillations, N170 visual-evoked potentials, and visual hallucinations. J. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Frank, Prenatal, perinatal, and adolescent exposure to marijuana: Relationships with aggressive behavior, Neurotoxicology and Teratology, 58, (60), (2016). [doi.org]

Intense cocaine self-administration after episodic social defeat stress, but not after aggressive behavior: dissociation from corticosterone activation. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Such confusion is particularly common with regard to the meaning of closely-related terms, as outlined below. [apps.who.int]

Stimulant NPS These can make you feel overconfident and disinhibited, induce feelings of anxiety, panic, confusion, paranoia, and even cause psychosis, which can lead you to put your own safety at risk. [talktofrank.com]

The new bill’s provisions mainly clarify a rather confusing and haphazard approach to legal highs, which were not anticipated when drugs laws were created in the 1970s. [theguardian.com]

The reported side effects of various NPS are sickness, black-outs, anxiety, paranoid states, hallucinations, psychosis, nose bleeds, diarrhea, short-term memory loss, severe mood swings, panic, violence, confusion, and paranoia.NPS’s also put a strain [highspeedtraining.co.uk]

The objective of this study was to determine if this group demonstrates hyperalgesia. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Bebarta, Opioid-induced hyperalgesia—worsening pain in opioid-dependent patients, The American Journal of Emergency Medicine, 31, 2, (458.e5), (2013). Wei J. [doi.org]

BACKGROUND: Toxoplasma gondii infection has been associated with psychiatric diseases. However, there is no information about the link between this infection and patients with mental and behavioral disorders due to psychoactive substance use. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Such risk factors may underlie the association between injection of the NPS alpha-pyrrolidinovalerophenone (α-PVP) and HIV infections among homeless PWID in Dublin, and Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes infections in people who injected [nationalelfservice.net]