Fully updated material presents the latest evidence-based knowledge. All line illustrations have been redrawn in full color to clearly show important features. [books.google.com]

This paper presents some of these concepts and supporting evidence. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Glandular fever is probably a common cause of fever in the postpartum period. [ 8 ] Presentation The symptoms with which the mother presents may well provide some idea of the source of the infection or there may be many symptoms referring to more than [patient.info]

• Fever

  This paper provides an overview on the process of preventing puerperal fever and the life story of the physician behind this attempt, Ignaz Semmelweis, through philately. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  None of these women had a case of puerperal fever. [bartleby.com]

• Sepsis

  Endogenous organisms, consisting of mixed flora colonizing the woman's own genital tract, are also a source of infection in puerperal sepsis. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  What is group A streptococcal maternal sepsis? The leading cause of severe, life-threatening maternal sepsis is group A Streptococcus (GAS). [health.nsw.gov.au]

  Some attributed the rates of sepsis to high levels of interference in labour and delivery, especially forceps deliveries. [web.archive.org]

• Puerperal Pyrexia

  Drugs that are associated with Puerperal pyrexia Puerperal pyrexia (17 drugs) Could your condition cause Puerperal pyrexia Puerperal pyrexia (20 conditions) Enbrel side effects Enbrel side effects (514,550 reports) Browse by gender and age Female: 0-1 [ehealthme.com]

  Keywords : Puerperal pyrexia, Postnatal, Maternal morbidity and mortality, Millennium Development Goals [ajol.info]

  Puerperal Pyrexia Puerperal pyrexia is defined as the presence of a fever in a woman, within six weeks of giving birth. [evidence.nhs.uk]

  POSTPARTUM (PUERPERAL) PYREXIA Video (0) Audio (0) Figures (0) Add your own notes (Please sign in or register to add notes) POSTPARTUM (PUERPERAL) PYREXIA The definition of Puerperal pyrexia used for reporting rates of puerperal morbidity is a temperature [busyspr.com]

  In the developed countries of the world and in some developing countries, puerperal pyrexia is a motifiable condition. Puerperal Pyrexia This is defined as a febrile condition occurring within 14-21 days of delivery. [brainkart.com]

• Pain

  pain Symptoms of respiratory infections - sore throat, cough, sputum Symptoms of DVT / PE – calf pain / swelling; pleurytic chest pain & haemoptysis Antenatal risk factors e.g. prolonged PROM Intrapartum events – method of delivery, trauma to perineum [busyspr.com]

  Management Frontiers in Medicine Epidemics Zika Virus Ebola Virus View all topics Health Policy Epidemics Pain Management Ebola Virus Multimedia Multimedia Selected Multimedia View all multimedia Audio Clinical Practice Audio Interviews Interactive Medical [nejm.org]

  The clinical presentation of women with puerperal GAS infections is often atypical with extremes of temperature, unusual and vague pain, and pain in extremities. [doi.org]

  Fever due to mastitits or breast abscess may have swelling of the breast pain on touching redness Urinary infection usually presents as: pain with passing urine (dysuria) lower abdominal pain fever with chills occasionally blood stained urine If it [sharinginhealth.ca]

• Anemia

  The predisposing factors leading to the development of sepsis include home birth in unhygienic conditions, low socioeconomic status, poor nutrition, primiparity, anemia, prolonged rupture of membranes, prolonged labor, multiple vaginal examinations in [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Identifies degree of blood loss and determines presence of anemia. Partial thromboplastin time/prothrombin time (PTT/PT), clotting times; Helps in identifying alterations in clotting associated with development of emboli. [nurseslabs.com]

  • Some other causesSome other causes • ❑ Premature rupture of the membranes • ❑ retained products of conception • ❑ hemorrhage • ❑ maternal conditions, such as anemia, poor nutrition during pregnancy. • ❑ Genital tract infections • (enterococci ,anaerobic [slideshare.net]

• Tachypnea

  Foul discharge Inflammation of the vagina and cervix Tenderness during vaginal examination Breasts Tender, engorged breasts (usually unilateral) Respiratory rales, consolidation, rhonchi Major signs of puerperal sepsis: Classical signs: Tachycardia Tachypnea [sharinginhealth.ca]

• Abdominal Pain

  Management of Puerperal Pyrexia History Symptoms of genital tract infections – offensive lochia, vaginal discharge, abdominal pain, diarrhoea Symptoms of breast disease e.g. pain, redness Symptoms of urinary tract infections - frequency, dysuria, loin [busyspr.com]

  Haug Browse recently published Learning/CME Learning/CME View all learning/CME CME Partial Oral versus Intravenous Antibiotic Treatment of Endocarditis Case 4-2019: An 18-Year-Old Man with Abdominal Pain and Hematochezia Bridging the Gap Challenge Yourself [nejm.org]

  The main symptoms and signs are: fever of more than 380C tender, sub-involuted uterus (has not returned to its normal size following childbirth) chills and general malaise lower abdominal pain diarrhoea (can indicate pelvic sepsis) purulent and foul-smelling [health.nsw.gov.au]

• Nausea

  The first sign of renal infection may be fever, followed later by costovertebral angle tenderness, nausea, and vomiting. [accessmedicine.mhmedical.com]

  Note urine output, degree of hydration, and presence of nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea .Increased intake replaces losses and enhances circulating volume, preventing dehydration and aiding in fever reduction.Encourage semi-Fowler’s position.Enhances flow [nurseslabs.com]

  klebsiella, Proteus, Staph aureus Causes- Frequent catheter, stasis of urine due to lack of bladder tone & less desire to pass urine, Asymptomatic bacteriuria becomes symptomatic, Present- Fever with chills & rigor, burning micturition, frequency, nausea [medicinembbs.blogspot.com]

  The tablets for postcoital contraception often cause nausea and vomiting, which reduces their effectiveness. These side effects are less with levonorgestrel (Norlevo and Escapelle) which contains no oestrogen. [bettercare.co.za]

• Tachycardia

  Bipolar affective disorderC ... significant post-partum pyrexia and tachycardia. She is thought to be allergic to penicillin. You suspect puerperal sepsis and are keen To filter your results, tick the boxes above and hit the search button. [rcog.org.uk]

  hypertension, pallor, clamminess, and peripheral shutdown) Systemic inflammation (fever or hypothermia, tachycardia, tachypnea) Organ hypoperfusion (cold peripheries, hypoxemia, confusion, hypotension, and oliguria) Biochemical (metabolic acidosis, [sharinginhealth.ca]

  Clinical picture 4 days after delivery there is fever, tachycardia, rigors and malaise. 1-2 days after delivery with more severe manifestations. [gfmer.ch]

• Hypotension

  […] critical illness: Increased sympathetic activity (tachycardia, hypertension, pallor, clamminess, and peripheral shutdown) Systemic inflammation (fever or hypothermia, tachycardia, tachypnea) Organ hypoperfusion (cold peripheries, hypoxemia, confusion, hypotension [sharinginhealth.ca]

  Septicaemia High fever with severe tachycardia up to 140/min, rigors, severe headache, jaundice due to haemolysis in cl. welchii infection, hypotension and loss of consciousness. [gfmer.ch]

  Intravenous fluid contamination causes a rapid onset of sepsis or a persistent gram-negative sepsis with a hectic fever, leukocytosis, hypotension, disseminated intravascular coagulation, respiratory distress, and often renal shutdown. [glowm.com]

• Blister

  […] fever, breakbone fever, buck fever, canicola fever, catarrhal fever, childbed fever, chills and fever, crimea-congo hemorrhagic fever, dandy fever, deer fly fever, dengue fever, dumdum fever, ebola fever, ebola hemorrhagic fever, enteric fever, fever blister [easytrans.org]

  […] puerperal = mother (i.e., newly-delivered mother) puerperium = childbirth purgatus = baptized, purged, cleansed purgatus = christening puta = reputed, supposed D ISEASES paralisis cordis = hart attack paristhmitis = quinsy pemphigus = skin disease of watery blisters [genealogy.ro]

• Headache

  […] around the uterus Symptoms and signs may include: fever pain in the lower abdomen or pelvis caused by a swollen uterus foul-smelling vaginal discharge pale skin, which can be a sign of large volume blood loss chills feelings of discomfort or illness headache [healthline.com]

  Headaches. Weight gain. Injectables Menstrual abnormalities, e.g. amenorrhoea, irregular menstruation or spotting. Weight gain. Headaches. Delayed return to fertility within a year of stopping the method. [bettercare.co.za]

  Clinical feature Symptom- Generalised malaise, headache, fever with chills Severe pain and tender, swelling in 1 quadrant of the breast. [medicinembbs.blogspot.com]

  Septicaemia High fever with severe tachycardia up to 140/min, rigors, severe headache, jaundice due to haemolysis in cl. welchii infection, hypotension and loss of consciousness. [gfmer.ch]

  PP sepsis if fever present at examination or history of fever AND any other sign or symptom listed is present History of fever Lower abdominal or pelvic pain Abnormal or foul-smelling discharge Severe Vaginal bleeding Other suspected illness Severe headache [reproductive-health-journal.biomedcentral.com]

• Seizure

  Other causes of fevers include Medicines, including some antibiotics, blood pressure medicines, and anti-seizure medicines Heat illness Cancers Autoimmune diseases Some childhood immunizations Treatment depends on the cause of your fever. [icdlist.com]

• Neisseria Gonorrhoeae

  The use of quinolones should take into consideration the patterns of Neisseria gonorrhoeae resistance, such as in the WHO South-East Asia and Western Pacific Regions. Treatment table 12. [hetv.org]

A clinical guide to their diagnosis and treatment (1899) (14745241016).jpg 2 049 × 2 029; 1 017 KB Diseases of women. A clinical guide to their diagnosis and treatment (1899) (14765076181).jpg 1 840 × 1 380; 269 KB Diseases of women. [commons.wikimedia.org]

For treatment options refer to Therapeutic Guidelines: antibiotic or seek advice from a microbiologist or infectious disease specialist. (Note: if GAS is isolated IV penicillin is the treatment of choice). [health.nsw.gov.au]

Serious condition the requires an expert psychiatric evaluation and treatment [medicinembbs.blogspot.com]

TreatmentTreatment • Treatment of puerperal infection usually begins with I.V. infusion of broadspectrum antibiotics and is continued for 48 hours after fever is resolved. • Supportive care • Symptomatic treatment • Surgery may be necessary to remove [slideshare.net]

Prognosis The majority of patients will make a full recovery with no lasting effects if treated speedily with appropriate antibiotic therapy and fluids. [patient.info]

It is well-known that Ignác Semmelweis discovered the etiology and prophylaxis of puerperal sepsis. However, few historians have focused on his understanding of the pathophysiology of fetal and neonatal sepsis. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Abstract It is well known that Ignác Semmelweis discovered the etiology and prophylaxis of puerperal sepsis. However, few historians have focused on his understanding of the pathophysiology of fetal and neonatal sepsis. [doi.org]

Semmelweis, Ignaz, The Etiology, Concept and Prophylaxis of Childbed Fever, trans. K. Codell Carter (reprinted by permission of University of Wisconsin Press, 1983) in Medicine: A Treasury of Art and Literature 136. 2-3. Ibid. 145. 4-6. [web.archive.org]

Semmelweis later published The Etiology, Concept, and Prophylaxis of Childbed Fever (1861). [britannica.com]

This will allow for robust data on etiology, etiology specific incidence of PP sepsis, and will provide specific antibiotic susceptibility data for detected pathogens. [reproductive-health-journal.biomedcentral.com]

Hospital Epidemiology and Infection Control for Children: Report From the Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America Pediatric Leadership Council. Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society, Vol. 3, Issue. 1, p. 4. [doi.org]

Epidemiologic evidence on the timing of onset of conditions suggest that the majority of maternal deaths occur on the day of childbirth due to haemorrhage and hypertensive disorders [ 18 ]. [reproductive-health-journal.biomedcentral.com]

These "lying-in" hospitals were established at a time when there was no knowledge of antisepsis or epidemiology, and women were subjected to crowding, frequent vaginal examinations, and the use of contaminated instruments, dressings, and bedding. [en.wikipedia.org]

However, few historians have focused on his understanding of the pathophysiology of fetal and neonatal sepsis. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Part I of this review provides background information and definitions, discusses the incidence and risk factors, explains the microbiology and pathophysiology of various infections, and delineates the signs and symptoms of major puerperal infection. [journals.lww.com]

[…] socioeconomic status poor nutrition, anemia first birth prolonged membrane rupture, or prolonged labour multiple pelvic exams during labour instrumentation during delivery retention of placental fragments in the uterus postpartum hemorrhage return to top Pathophysiology [sharinginhealth.ca]

Puerperal pyrexia and sepsis are among the leading causes of preventable maternal morbidity and mortality not only in developing countries but in developed countries as well. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Although puerperal pyrexia is preventable, the incidence level remains a public health concern if the global Millennium Development Goals (MDG) of reducing maternal mortality by 75% is to be achieved by 2015. [ajol.info]

The content then covers the factors which contribute to the infection, how it can be identified and differentiated from other conditions, how it can be prevented and, if it does occur, how it can be managed. [who.int]