Presentation
We present a case of untreated abetalipoproteinemia complicating the puerperium. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
We present the case of a 33-year old multipara who presented with acute abdomen in the puerperium. The initial e-Published: 24 Jan, 2013 Read more about Huge Mucinous Cystadenoma Presenting as an Acute Abdomen in the Puerperium [mona.uwi.edu]
Entire Body System
- Pain
Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) : Leg pain and swelling (usually unilateral). Calf muscles are tender and painful on firm palpation. There may be low abdominal pain or thigh pain and tenderness. Low-grade fever ( o C) may occur. [patient.info]
The course of fear, pain and concentrations of stress hormones differed, highly influenced by the administration of EDA. Fear and pain correlated more pronounced than stress hormones and fear, pain and duration of labor. [doi.org]
- Weakness
Symptoms The gradual onset of weakness over weeks or months Difficulty rising from a low-seated chair or combing one’s hair Torso or “core” weakness Difficulty swallowing (dysphagia) Pain or weakness in the joints Generalized fatigue Diagnostic Tests [hopkinsmyositis.org]
These symptoms may come and go: Muscle weakness: This is the most common symptom. [my.clevelandclinic.org]
Muscle weakness and tenderness can be signs of polymyositis. A rash is a sign of a related condition, dermatomyositis. Common symptoms include: Muscle weakness in the shoulders and hips. [pennstatehershey.adam.com]
The weakness affects both the left and right sides of your body, and tends to gradually worsen. When to see a doctor Seek medical attention if you develop unexplained muscle weakness. [mayoclinic.org]
Last updated: 9/25/2017 A diagnosis of polymyositis is often suspected in people with proximal muscle weakness and other signs and symptoms associated with the disease. [rarediseases.info.nih.gov]
- Falling
It is a drooping or falling of the upper eyelid, and may occlude the pupil and interfere in vision. Causes It is usually caused by a malfunction of the eyelid levator muscle. This may be caused by: Aponeurotic causes. [icrcat.com]
It falls into the same category as the second-degree tear. [doctorlib.info]
Blood • Plasma volume falls in 1st day reaches n/l by first week • Red cell mass- n/l in 24 hrs • Hb conc. [slideshare.net]
C‐coefficient mirrored the changes in real pole with a significant fall as pregnancy progressed and a rise to pre‐pregnant levels after delivery ( P < 0.02 ). [obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com]
In this condition, the border of the upper eyelid falls to a lower position than normal. In severe cases, the drooping eyelid can cover all or part of the pupil and interfere with vision. Ptosis can affect one or both eyes. [health.harvard.edu]
- Infertility
Pregnancy, miscarriage or pregnancy loss, infertility, and the postpartum period may challenge a woman's mental health. Virtually no life event rivals the neuroendocrine and psychosocial changes associated with pregnancy and childbirth. [miami.pure.elsevier.com]
Gynaecology, infertility and cancers This section includes RHL summaries of published systematic reviews on menopause, gynaecological problems, gynaecological cancers, and infertility. [apps.who.int]
Infertility: Evaluation and Treatment. Philadelphia, Pa: W.B. Saunders, 1995: 8-18. 15. Drollette CM, Badawy SZ. Pathophysiology of pelvic adhesions. Modern trends in preventing infertility. [pubmedcentral.nih.gov]
- Rigor
Clinical picture 4 days after delivery there is fever, tachycardia, rigors and malaise. 1-2 days after delivery with more severe manifestations. [gfmer.ch]
Therefore, they are not always the same as official national estimates produced using alternate, potentially equally rigorous methods, nor necessarily endorsed by specific Member States. [who.int]
Rigors may occur. Marked tachycardia. Lower abdominal tenderness. Offensive lochia. The episiotomy wound or perineal or vaginal tears may be infected. [bettercare.co.za]
Fetus
- Spontaneous Rupture of Membranes
'show', spontaneous rupture of membranes, complete effacement of the cervix). Once diagnosed, both amniotomy and oxytocin were used to improve or augment the progress of labour by increasing the intensity and frequency of uterine contractions. [doi.org]
Musculoskeletal
- Back Pain
It occurs when the baby's head puts pressure on your lower back. To ease back pain during labor: Try massage. Ask your partner or labor coach to rub your lower back. [mayoclinic.org]
Although you can't prevent back labor, you can ease back pain during labor. Consider these suggestions: Try a back rub. Ask your partner or labor coach to rub your lower back. [web.archive.org]
Major sites where the pain occurred were lumbar portion of back and sacroiliac joints and it was complex pain. [eprints.lib.hokudai.ac.jp]
Its association with chronic back pain, neonatal behavioral changes, and maternal‐infant bonding are more tenuous and require further study. [doi.org]
- Low Back Pain
Effectiveness of subcutaneous injection of sterile water to the lower back for pain relief in labor. Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica. 2009;88:231. Tzeng Y, et al. Low back pain during labor and related factors. [web.archive.org]
Results and Discussion: Low back and posterior pelvic pain was found in 58.5% at women one week after delivery. And 55.3% at one month after the delivery. Furthermore, low back pain in postpartum was continuous pain started from pregnant period. [eprints.lib.hokudai.ac.jp]
Eyes
- Prolapse
The incomplete prolapse has a cylindrical appearance, and the complete uterine prolapse looks Y-shaped. If the prolapse exists for a long time, the surface dries out, and necrosis occurs. [vin.com]
Minimise future prolapse and stress incontinence. Give a better cosmetic appearance later on. [gfmer.ch]
Several studies have linked vaginal childbirth to pelvic organ prolapse [ 13 ]. In one study, history of a single vaginal delivery was associated with a tenfold increased likelihood of developing prolapse [ 32 ]. [doi.org]
Some damage to the pelvic floor may be inevitable, and parturition predisposes to urinary incontinence and pelvic organ prolapse. This is discussed in detail in Chapter 27 ( Route of Delivery ). [accessmedicine.mhmedical.com]
- Lacrimation
Deepak Jain Department of Medicine, Pandit Bhagwat Dayal Sharma University of Health Sciences, Rohtak 124001, Haryana India Source of Support: None, Conflict of Interest: None DOI: 10.4103/err.err_25_17 Sjögren’s syndrome is characterized by diminished lacrimal [err.eg.net]
Orbit, Eyelids, and Lacrimal System, 2016-2017 edition. Washington, D.C.: American Academy of Ophthalmology. 2016. p. 173-9. 5. Zoumalan CI, Lisman RD. Evaluation and management of unilateral ptosis and avoiding contralateral ptosis. [kjophthal.com]
Psychiatrical
- Suggestibility
If she is breastfeeding and her breasts are engorged, suggest warm compresses or a warm shower before breastfeeding to stimulate milk flow. Or, if her newborn isn’t emptying both breasts, suggest she pump her breasts to relieve discomfort. [web.archive.org]
Thus, conventional coagulation studies suggest a hypercoagulable state at least 2–3 weeks after delivery. [obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com]
Bishop scores are somewhat subjective, but a score of less than 5 suggests further ripening is needed, while a score of 9 or greater suggests ripening is completed. [emedicine.medscape.com]
Preoperative ultrasonography suggested the presence of a pelvic collection. Explorative laparotomy revealed the simultaneous presence of Meckel's diverticulitis and appendicitis without bowel perforation. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
- Aggressive Behavior
Cross-cultural studies of violence, in aggressive behavior: current progress in pre-clinical and clinical research. Los Angeles, CA: University of California. 1974. Bowlby J. The making and breaking of affectional bonds. [web.archive.org]
Urogenital
- Cesarean Section
Used in Labour Room Labour Analgesia Cesarean Section: Changing Scenario Medicolegal Aspects of Labour Management Making Labour Safe and Mother and Baby Friendly Government Policies to Promote Safe Motherhood Section 2 PUERPERIUM Normal Puerperium and [geneeskundeboek.nl]
In univarite and multivariate analyses, family history of DVT, primigravidae and cesarean section deliveries showed an higher risk of DVT. [dovepress.com]
The highest prevalence of pregnancy associated pulmonary embolism is after the cesarean section so patients after the cesarean section should be monitored more carefully than patients with vaginal delivery because surgery results in many hematological [omicsonline.org]
- Vaginal Discharge
The colour of lochia (vaginal discharge)is bright red on postpartum days 3-4, reddish-brown after day 3-10 and then turns yellow. However, it may become red again for a few days. Urine levels decrease and reach normal levels in 4 weeks. [drelsa.ae]
The capilliaries that remain ‘leak’ blood plasma for a time, which results in a normal vaginal discharge called lochia. This discharge often continues for several weeks after the birth. [open.edu]
Contact your health care provider if the pain intensifies, the wound becomes hot, swollen and painful, or you notice a pus-like discharge. Vaginal discharge You'll have a vaginal discharge (lochia) for a number of weeks after delivery. [web.archive.org]
You might notice an increase in vaginal discharge that's clear, pink or slightly bloody. This might happen several days before labor begins or at the start of labor. [mayoclinic.org]
• Lochia Vaginal discharge after deliver in first few weeks Blood from placental site + necrotic decidua Lochia rubra- first few days,red( red cells) Lochia serosa – after 3-4 days,pale(wbc+rbc) Lochia alba- after 10th day yellow Up to 4 [slideshare.net]
- Uterine Tenderness
This diagnosis is suggested by the general signs of infection and the uterine tenderness. [bettercare.co.za]
Puerperal infection defined according to clinical criteria ‐ uterine tenderness, uterine subinvolution and fever in the absence of any other known cause of infection in the postpartum period. [doi.org]
Workup
The condition should be included in the differential diagnostic workup whenever a growing simple cyst is encountered during pregnancy and puerperium. Key words: luteinized follicle cyst; pregnancy; puerperium. [ajol.info]
Differential diagnosis Mastitis Breast abscess Cellulitis Workup No lab tests are required. [csh.org.tw]
However, the majority of new onset HS needs the following radiologic workup: Chest imaging: Plain X-ray or chest CT, with special attention to the lung apices. [reviewofophthalmology.com]
Differential diagnosis See the list below: Mastitis Breast abscess Cellulitis Workup No laboratory tests are required. [emedicine.medscape.com]
Treatment
This article examines recent literature (June 1991 to May 1992) on breast-feeding and the treatment of puerperal problems, emphasizing that breast-feeding may be maintained during virtually all treatment modalities. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
If DVT is also suspected, PE may be diagnosed and treatment started if DVT is confirmed on compression duplex ultrasound. [patient.info]
Prognosis
This study aimed to identify the clinical manifestations and prognosis of pregnancy-associated CVT. A total of 43 pregnancy-associated CVT patients were enrolled. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Knowing this kind of data can help us to better understand and improve the prognosis of our patients. ABSTRACT Introduction : Postpartum depression is an important health problem because of its negative impact on the family. [mona.uwi.edu]
Prognosis Prognosis depends on patient response to treatment (good in most cases), severity of disease manifestations, age at diagnosis, presence of cardiac or pulmonary involvement, and associated malignancy. [orpha.net]
Etiology
CONCLUSIONS: Hypertensive illness is the most common underlying etiology in the development of pulmonary edema. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Etiologies were well defined in 78% of patients. Eclampsia (37%) and arteriovenous malformation (26%) were the most important etiologies of ICH. [karger.com]
⑥ tender uterus with foul-smelling discharge 농성의 탁한 분비물 ⑦ dark or profuse lochia 악취오로 ·Treatment ① antibiotics ② ergonovine (promotes uterine tone) ③ fowler's position to promate drainage ④ hydration (3) pelvic cellulitis or parametritis (골반 봉와직염) ◆ Etiology [m.cafe.daum.net]
Most studies on post-traumatic stress symptoms after childbirth have focused on prevalence of and looked at etiological factors and predictors. [doi.org]
Epidemiology
Epidemiologic studies demonstrate a twofold higher rate of depression in women than in men. The childbearing years are a time of increased risk for onset of depression in women. [miami.pure.elsevier.com]
Platt Associate Professor Departments of Pediatrics and of Epidemiology, and Occupational Health McGill University [books.google.com]
Epidemiology 2001;12:456–460. Neto JIS, Santos AC, Fabio SRC, Sakamoto AC: Cerebral infarction in patients aged 15–40 years. Stroke 1996;27:2016–2019. [karger.com]
Abstract Epidemiologic studies demonstrate a twofold higher rate of depression in women than in men. The childbearing years are a time of increased risk for onset of depression in women. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Pathophysiology
A thorough understanding of the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms involving mother and fetus is mandatory. We report our experience with neurosurgical procedures during pregnancy and the puerperium and summarize the difficulties encountered. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Q| What is the pathophysiology of sepsis? Sepsis results from a dysregulated host response to infection resulting in organ damage, and virtually any organ system can be affected. [contemporaryobgyn.net]
Health science Providing basic knowledge of medical terminology, anatomy and physiology, and pathophysiology of diseases and conditions. [icd-10online.com]
Identification of the underlying pathophysiologic mechanism is paramount to institute proper treatment. Pathophysiology Ptosis is the result of dysfunctioning of one or both upper eyelid elevator muscles. [emedicine.medscape.com]
Prevention
The aim of this study is to estimate the efficacy of preventive antibiotic treatment during the puerperium. [clinicaltrials.gov]
Remember, always wash from front to back, never the other way, to prevent infection. Local application of antiseptic creams such as Soframycin, Metrogyl gel, Betadine E – com may be useful to prevent infection. [vikaspedia.in]
Chlorhexidine vaginal wash versus placebo for preventing maternal and neonatal infections (excluding Group B Streptococcal and HIV) Chlorhexidine vaginal wash versus placebo for preventing maternal and neonatal infections (excluding Group B Streptococcal [doi.org]