Sporadic cases are more common, but the disease also presents in an inherited familial form. The greatest number of reported cases is from Europe and especially Turkey. We present a 43-year-old female with complaints of dyspnea for many years. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

This gives the radiographic typical presentation of a “white lung” appearance, which was the presentation of our patient. [cureus.com]

• Cough

  A 23-year-old female presented with a history of cough, wheeze, chest pain, and episodic wheeze for five months. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Dry Cough

  The patient had persistent dry cough, and gradually progressive dyspnea on exertion. The diagnosis was established on the basis of roentgenography and confirmed by the sputum and transbronchial biopsy findings. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  We report a case of a 20-year-old man with a history of shortness of breath on exertion and dry cough. Physical examination was altered only for crackles at auscultation. [pjcm.net]

• Hemoptysis

  There was no history of expectoration, hemoptysis, chest pain, or tuberculosis. General physical examination showed no evidence of clubbing of the nails or lymphadenopathy. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  There was no history of fever, hemoptysis or chest pain. Patient was a non-smoker. There was no history of tuberculosis within the family members or any known history of pulmonary disease. [ijcasereportsandimages.com]

  The most common symptoms include the following: dyspnea dry cough chest pain sporadic hemoptysis asthenia pneumothoraces PAM is hereditary and another involved family member can be identified in 36% to 61% of cases. [en.wikipedia.org]

  Hemoptysis and pneumothorax are also reported. 8. ©  Pulmonary fibrosis, respiratory failure and cor pulmonale.  Blood levels of calcium - normal  Smoking and infection may accelerate disease progression. 9. ©  The diagnosis can be made with confidence [slideshare.net]

• Pulmonary Disorder

  […] is a rare pulmonary disorder of unknown etiology characterized by intra-alveolar development and deposition of microliths or calcispherytes consisting of calcium phosphate. [thieme-connect.com]

• Sneezing

  Affected individuals may also experience chest pain that worsens when coughing, sneezing, or taking deep breaths. Pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis is usually diagnosed before age 40. [ghr.nlm.nih.gov]

• X-Ray Abnormal

  A 12-year-old girl of Turkish descent was referred 6 weeks after an influenza A infection because of persistent chest X-ray abnormalities compatible with interstitial lung disease. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Chest X-Ray Abnormal

  A 12-year-old girl of Turkish descent was referred 6 weeks after an influenza A infection because of persistent chest X-ray abnormalities compatible with interstitial lung disease. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Hui-Ying Wang, Update on diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis, World Journal of Respirology, 4, 3, (26), (2014). [doi.org]

The recent development of a laboratory animal model has revealed several promising treatment approaches for future trials. Published by Elsevier Inc. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

The lack of efficacy in our patients might be due to an insufficient duration of treatment, the maximum duration of treatment being 2 yrs in case two. [err.ersjournals.com]

The long-term prognosis is poor and no treatment has been discovered to date. The aim of this review is to describe the main pathological, clinical, and imaging aspects of PAM, ranging from its genetic basis to treatment. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Treatment and prognosis No known treatment is available. Overall prognosis is good but occasionally slow progression can result in end-stage lung fibrosis requiring lung transplantation. [radiopaedia.org]

Scrutiny of the long-term follow-up data of PAM patients reveals that the prognosis for PAM is poor. The establishment of an effective treatment, which is not yet available, is mandatory. [doi.org]

Differential Diagnosis Same "crazy-paving" described with alveolar proteinosis may be seen in microlithiasis Silicosis Metastatic calcification in renal disease Treatment None Complications Respiratory insufficiency Cyanosis Clubbing Pulmonary hypertension Prognosis [learningradiology.com]

Pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis (PAM) is a rare, chronic lung disease with unknown etiology and with a nonuniform clinical course. [scienceopen.com]

Pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis is an inherited disorder of unknown etiology. It is a rare disease characterized by calcified intraalveolar microgranules. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

@article{Mariotta1997PulmonaryAM, title={Pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis: Review of Italian reports}, author={Salvatore Mariotta and Laura Guidi and Maria Rosaria Papale and Alessandro Ricci and Alberto Bisetti}, journal={European Journal of Epidemiology [semanticscholar.org]

The present study explores the epidemiological, familial, genetic, clinical, diagnostic, radiological and therapeutic aspects with the aim of contributing to a better understanding of this uncommon disease.We searched articles on PAM published up to December [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Each chapter focuses on the pathogenic mechanisms and therapeutic targets suggested by basic research and follows an easy to read format: brief introduction followed by discussion of epidemiology, genetic basis and molecular pathogenesis, animal models [books.google.com]

We suspect that the markedly enhanced pulmonary FDG uptake may have some relation to the pathophysiology of PAM. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Pathophysiology The alveoli in pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP) are filled with proteinaceous material, which has been analyzed extensively and determined to be normal surfactant composed of lipids and surfactant-associated proteins A, B, C, and D [emedicine.medscape.com]

There are still no proven treatments, but earlier diagnosis may allow for evaluation of preventative strategies that could improve outcome. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

To date, no treatment has been proven to effectively reverse or prevent the progression of PAM. [en.wikipedia.org]

Transplantation Substance Use and Addiction Surgery Surgical Innovation Surgical Pearls Teachable Moment Technology and Finance The Rational Clinical Examination Tobacco and e-Cigarettes Toxicology Trauma and Injury Treatment Adherence United States Preventive [jamanetwork.com]

NCI_CTEP-SDC (Cancer Therapy Evaluation Program - Simple Disease Classification) 2015AB NCI_CareLex (Content Archive Resource Exchange Lexicon) 2015AB NCI_DCP (NCI Division of Cancer Prevention Program) 2015AB NCI_DICOM (Digital Imaging Communications [doctor.am]

\" A low-phosphate diet was found to prevent stone development and to even reverse lung calcification. However low phosphate levels can cause other medical problems and this approach will need to be tested in clinical trials first. [oxygenworldwide.com]