All of the radiological images in the present study were analyzed by two experienced radiologists. [spandidos-publications.com]

(B) Chest radiograph at second presentation showing massive expansion of the large bulla seen on the previous radiograph, causing right-sided mediastinal shift. [thelancet.com]

Pruritic urticarial papules and plaques of pregnancy presenting in the postpartum period is extremely rare. [mdedge.com]

Images in Clinical Medicine Barry Ladizinski, M.D., and Christopher Sankey, M.D. 3 Citing Articles A 41-year-old man with a smoking history of 30 pack-years presented with chronic chest pain, dyspnea, and cough. [nejm.org]

Occasionally, this can be the presenting feature of neoplastic disease. [mayoclinic.pure.elsevier.com]

The patient had a workup that included an open biopsy, which was diagnosed as high-grade chondroblastic osteosarcoma (Figure 1). The patient subsequently underwent en bloc resection of the distal femur followed by amputation above the knee. [archivesofpathology.org]

The laboratory workup of a patient with bullous emphysema is not standardized, but it may include the following considerations: Particularly in those with disease onset at a young age ( HIV testing is indicated in patients with potential risk factors, [clinicaladvisor.com]

The laboratory workup of a patient with bullous emphysema is not standardized, but it may include the following considerations: Particularly in those with disease onset at a young age (<45), a strong family history of emphysema, or emphysema out of proportion [pulmonologyadvisor.com]

Surgical Treatment of Emphysema. Brit. Med. J., 1 (1966), pp. 1133 [17.] N.B. Pride, P. Hugh-Jones, E.N. O’brien, L.A. Smith. Changes in lung function following the surgical treatment of bulluous emphysema. Quart. J. Med., 39 (1970), pp. 49 [18.] [archbronconeumol.org]

[…] of such treatment in the management of this progressive disease. [scielo.br]

The mean charge used for every treatment was 8 (range 4–21). [academic.oup.com]

A non-excisional treatment option is the Brompton technique, first described by Monaldi. [cardiothoracicsurgery.biomedcentral.com]

Multidisciplinary contributions on medical treatment, radiation oncology, and surgery and anesthesia are included. Highlights include new material on minimally invasive procedures and thoroughly updated diagnostic and treatment information. [books.google.com]

Prevention, and Complications Prognosis resolves typically in 4-6 weeks or within 2 weeks postpartum no risk of fetal or maternal morbidity Please rate topic. [step2.medbullets.com]

[…] location the size of bullae ranges from 1 to 20 cm in diameter, but most measure 2-8 cm 2 usually asymmetric, with one lung involved to a greater extent than the other the presence of concomitant foci of paraseptal and centrilobular emphysema Treatment and prognosis [radiopaedia.org]

In the final stage of emphysema, when bullae are more likely to appear, the prognosis is often not good. [coughingupblood.net]

Studies show that the BODE Index gives doctors a better idea about your outcome (what they call a “prognosis”) than FEV1. And they can use those findings to see how well you’ll respond to medications, lung rehab therapy, and other treatments. [webmd.com]

However, the etiology and pathogenesis of bullae and their association with emphysema are not yet elucidated. [journals.lww.com]

Certain conditions have both an underlying etiology and multiple body system manifestations due to the underlying etiology. [icd10coded.com]

The etiology of the obstruction in bullous emphysema is frequently obscure. [pubs.rsna.org]

No attempt is made in this report to discuss the etiologic or the physiologic aspects of cystic disease of the lung. [jamanetwork.com]

[…] increasing world wide and most commonly smoked by young and adolescents Several case reports have implicated marijuana smoking as an etiologic factor in Pneumothorax/pneumomediastinum and bullous lung disease, although evidence of a possible causal link from epidemiologic [erj.ersjournals.com]

Introduction Pruritic urticarial papules and plaques of pregnancy (PUPPP) or polymorphic eruption of pregnancy (PEP) A self-limited pruritic inflammatory disorder of the skin occurring in the last trimester of pregnancy or immediately postpartum Epidemiology [step2.medbullets.com]

Pruritic urticarial papules and plaques of pregnancy: epidemiological, clinical, and histopathological study of 18 cases from Lebanon. Int. J. Dermatol. 2012 Sep;51(9):1047-53. [PubMed: 22909357] 11. Holmes RC, Jurecka W, Black MM. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Heritability studies of COPD suggest that there are likely other genetic risk factors, and a number of genetic epidemiology studies suggest new potential candidates. [clinicaladvisor.com]

The pathophysiology responsible for the natural elimination of giant bullae is not known with certainty. We report a patient who experienced spontaneous sub-total regression of his giant bulla following an infection. [austinpublishinggroup.com]

Pathology Microscopic tumor embolism Thought to occur from two distinct pathophysiological processes. [radiopaedia.org]

Pathophysiology The pathophysiology of bullous emphysema is intimately related to the chronic inflammation of the distal airspaces mostly secondary to insult, i.e., cigarette smoke, which results in a breakdown of the alveolar walls which subsequently [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

[…] best way to prevent emphysema or stop it from getting worse. [medicalnewstoday.com]

Treatments include inhalers, oxygen, medications and sometimes surgery to relieve symptoms and prevent complications. [icdlist.com]

Preventing COPD COPD is largely a preventable condition. You can significantly reduce your chances of developing it if you avoid smoking. [nhs.uk]

Generally, this is no different than for typical emphysema, and includes: Quitting smoking (slows progression of the disease) Controlling COPD triggers (prevents flare-ups) COPD Medicines (prevents and controls flare-ups) Pulmonary rehabilitation. [healthcentral.com]

Newer research, however, suggests there is negative intra-bullous pressure, similar to pleural pressure, and is thus preferentially ventilated during inspiration with loss of elastic recoil preventing air from being expelled. [vcuthoracicimaging.com]