The unique presentation was considered to be a consequence of immunological derangement associated with pSS, pregnancy and delivery. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Pallor

  We describe its association with pure red cell aplasia in a four year old boy who presented with progressive skin lesions, fever and pallor, and improved with corticosteroid therapy. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Symptoms related to anemia include fatigue, lethargy, decreased exercise tolerance, and pallor. [merckmanuals.com]

• Fatigue

  A sixty-one-year-old male was diagnosed with thymoma with PRCA after he complained fatigue, tinnitus, and weakness for 1 month, he received therapy with recombinant erythropoietin (rhEPO) for 1 month after the tumor was totally resected and readmitted [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Symptoms related to anemia include fatigue, lethargy, decreased exercise tolerance, and pallor. [merckmanuals.com]

  Case Report A 56-year-old man presented with fatigue, dyspnea, and severe anemia. Anemia had been first noticed 18 months before admission. His medical history was otherwise notable only for major depression. [content.nejm.org]

• Infectious Mononucleosis

  mononucleosis Mumps Viral hepatitis Most cases of acute transient PRCA are caused by parvovirus B19 infection. [21, 22] Parvovirus B19 can cross the placenta in infected women and can destroy erythroid cells in the fetus and induce spontaneous abortions [emedicine.com]

• Tachycardia

  Side effects were tolerable including infections; mild oral mucositis; sinus tachycardia, the increase of creatinine, transaminase, triglyceride, or cholesterol; and thrombocytopenia. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Hydrops Fetalis

  Diamond-Blackfan anemia as an unusual cause of nonimmune hydrops fetalis: a case report. Reprod Med. 40:850-854. [Medline]. Cherrick I, Karayalcin G, Lanzkowsky P. Transient erythroblastopenia of childhood. Prospective study of fifty patients. [emedicine.com]

• Osteoporosis

  Corticosteroid therapy can lead to osteopenia and osteoporosis and infections. PRCA can evolve into aplastic anemia and acute myelogenous leukemia, which have high morbidity and mortality rates. [emedicine.com]

• Myopathy

  H Hanaoka, Y Kaneko, S Suzuki, T Takada, M Hirakata, T Takeuchi and M Kuwana, Anti-signal recognition particle antibody in patients without inflammatory myopathy: a survey of 6180 patients with connective tissue diseases, Scandinavian Journal of Rheumatology [doi.org]

• Tinnitus

  A sixty-one-year-old male was diagnosed with thymoma with PRCA after he complained fatigue, tinnitus, and weakness for 1 month, he received therapy with recombinant erythropoietin (rhEPO) for 1 month after the tumor was totally resected and readmitted [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Motor Symptoms

  Suzuki, Overlooked non-motor symptoms in myasthenia gravis, Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry, 84, 9, (989), (2013). Faramarz Naeim, P. Nagesh Rao, Sophie X. Song and Wayne W. [doi.org]

A diagnostic workup revealed AIHA and PRCA as the cause of the anemia. The patient was treated with an initial transfusion and corticosteroid therapy. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

The characteristics of PRCA (see Workup ) include the following: Severe anemia Reticulocyte count The presence of less than 0.5% mature erythroblasts in the bone marrow Normocellular bone marrow in most cases The etiology of PRCA is heterogeneous. [emedicine.com]

Corticosteroids were used in the treatment of PRCA and this has been considered the treatment of first choice although relapse is not uncommon. Cyclosporine A (CsA) has become established as one of the leading drugs for treatment of PRCA. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

CONCLUSION: Pure red cell aplasia induced by HPV B19 infection is a disease with a favourable prognosis after symptomatic and supportive treatment. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Prognosis Prognosis varies among the different types of pure red cell aplasia (PRCA). Transient erythroblastopenia and other PRCA disorders in children and adults are benign with an excellent prognosis. [emedicine.com]

Human Parvovirus B19 (PV B19) is one of the several recently described 'emerging viruses' and has been identified as the etiological agent of 'fifth disease' in childhood. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

There are multiple etiologies that can cause PRCA. The condition has been first described by Paul Kaznelson in 1922. [en.wikipedia.org]

Epidemiology Pure red cell aplasia (PRCA) is an uncommon disorder. The idiopathic form is the most common type of PRCA. [emedicine.com]

This study was approved by the institutional review board, and performed according to the Declaration of Helsinki and the Ethical Guidelines for Epidemiological Research of the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology and the Ministry [haematologica.org]

The pathophysiology of PRCA may be congenital or acquired. To our knowledge, there is only one case report in the English literature of PRCA after pegylated interferon combination therapy for chronic hepatitis C. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Bamgbola, Spectrum of anemia after kidney transplantation: pathophysiology and therapeutic implications, Clinical Transplantation, 30, 10, (1185-1194), (2016). Margaret R. [www3.interscience.wiley.com]

Pathophysiology In general, pure red cell aplasia (PRCA) is due to a selective injury, often immunological, that affects the early phase of erythrocyte maturation. [emedicine.com]

The recognition of these clinical syndromes may lead to earlier diagnosis and thus prevent the expensive investigations. Both conditions have a dramatic improvement upon using corticosteroids therapy. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Although CsA-containing regimens are more expensive than prednisolone, CsA-containing regimens seem to be important to prevent relapse. [doi.org]