We present a rare case of a 4-year-old boy with newly diagnosed Henöch-Schonlein purpura (HSP) affecting the scrotum and penis. The patient presented to the emergency department with palpable purpura symmetrically distributed over the lower limbs. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

It is the presenting sign in 50 percent of patients. 12 Some patients present with predominantly petechial lesions, some present with mainly purpuric lesions, and others present with a mixture of lesion types. [aafp.org]

• Poor Growth

  View/Print Table TABLE 2 Physical Findings and Possible Etiologies of Purpura Physical findings Possible etiology General findings Poor growth Chronic disorder Fever Infection Hypertension Chronic renal failure, renal vasculitis Characteristics of purpura [aafp.org]

• Failure to Thrive

  […] bleeding Hemophilia Associated symptoms Abdominal pain, blood in stools, joint pain Henoch-Schönlein purpura Lethargy, fever, bone pain Leukemia Intermittent fever, musculoskeletal symptoms Systemic lupus erythematosus Lethargy, polyuria, polydipsia, failure [aafp.org]

• Eruptions

  Price1 first reported a "punctate purpuric eruption" occurring in a patient receiving intramuscular penicillin, and noted that the eruption appeared for two days preceding the onset of urticaria, arthralgia, fever, and leukocytosis. [annals.org]

  Purpuric eruption is a rare adverse event. To the best of our knowledge, this is the second case report of purpura induced by laser hair removal. Our patient is a 50-year-old woman of Arab origin. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  […] petechial hemorrhages (___cm), petechial hemorrhages (physical finding), petechiae (diagnosis), petechiae, Rash petechial, petechial rash, petechial hemorrhage, [D]Petechiae (situation), Petechia, Petechial hemorrhage, Petechial haemorrhage, Petechial eruption [fpnotebook.com]

  This is especially important in purpuric eruptions as they can be a manifestation of many types of internal diseases. [link.springer.com]

• Palmar Erythema

  […] tenderness, subcutaneous edema, scrotal swelling Henoch-Schönlein purpura Hemarthrosis Hemophilia Butterfly rash, pallor, arthritis, lymphadenopathy Systemic lupus erythematosus Lymphadenopathy Infection, drugs, malignancy Jaundice, spider angioma, palmar [aafp.org]

• Angiomatosis

  Diffuse dermal angiomatosis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of retiform purpura, especially in patients with atherosclerotic disease or underlying hypercoagulable states. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Careful examination of skin including the bottom of the feet can help to direct the diagnostic workup for children with abdominal pain. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Based on the pathophysiology that is suspected, a differential diagnosis can be generated and an appropriate workup can be initiated. [link.springer.com]

A laboratory workup, including a complete blood cell count and differential, prothrombin time, partial thromboplastin time, comprehensive metabolic panel, creatinine kinase test, urinalysis, and chest radiograph, was normal, but his erythrocyte sedimentation [mdedge.com]

See Workup for more detail. Management The therapy of choice for TTP is plasma exchange with fresh frozen plasma. [emedicine.medscape.com]

Previous workup by her primary care provider included complete blood count (CBC), complete metabolic panel (CMP), and imaging of affected sites, all of which were unremarkable. [psychiatrictimes.com]

• Hepatocellular Carcinoma

  We present a patient who developed painful retiform purpura on the right flank shortly after TACE for treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

However, significant differences were detected for DAO and D-lactate after treatment in comparison to before treatment in the Montmorillonite experimental group (P .05). [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

When treatment is necessary, it is not due to the rash itself. Treatment is needed for causes such as leukemia, or effects including kidney failure. [medicalnewstoday.com]

Click here for example image of HSP Links: aetiology pathogenesis clinical features treatment and prognosis complications urticaria [gpnotebook.co.uk]

What is the prognosis for patients with HSP? The prognosis (outlook) for patients with HSP is generally excellent. Nearly all patients have no long-term problems. The kidney is the most serious organ involved when it is affected. [medicinenet.com]

Prognosis Gastrointestinal or pulmonary bleeding can be life-threatening. The long term prognosis depends on the extent of the renal involvement. [orpha.net]

Both thrombocytopenia and purpura have been shown to have a complex etiologic pattern with multiple potential etiologic factors. [ashpublications.org]

The course varies according to the etiology, as do the diagnostic approach and treatment. This review discusses pigmented purpuras and some cutaneous vascular occlusion syndromes. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

PLATELET DYSFUNCTION Congenital Etiologies. [aafp.org]

Regarding the etiology, prodromal viral illness has been described as an etiology of HSP. Though there is a higher occurrence of HSP in the late fall and spring, some patients are seen throughout the year. [journals.lww.com]

Here, we will review the epidemiology, clinical and molecular characteristics of HSP, as well as abnormalities of Th cell subsets in this disorder. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Epidemiology Sex: More common in children 90% of cases 10 years old Peak incidence: 6 years References:[1][2] Epidemiological data refers to the US, unless otherwise specified. [amboss.com]

The epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical features, differential diagnosis and management of purpura and bruising due to different causes are discussed. The full text of this article hosted at iucr.org is unavailable due to technical difficulties. [onlinelibrary.wiley.com]

George at the Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Hudson College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 801 NE 13th St., Oklahoma City, OK 73104, or at [email protected]. [nejm.org]

Summary Epidemiology SHP usually affects children and is rare in adults. Annual incidence in children is estimated at between 1/6,660 and 1/4,880, whereas it is estimated at around 1/1,000,000 in adults. The male-to-female ratio is 1.5:1. [orpha.net]

yellow fever, cholera) References:[3] Pathophysiology Hypothesized pathophysiological mechanism: exposure to allergen/antigen (e.g., infection, drugs) stimulation of IgA production deposition of IgA immune complexes in vascular walls (e.g., in the [amboss.com]

The epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical features, differential diagnosis and management of purpura and bruising due to different causes are discussed. The full text of this article hosted at iucr.org is unavailable due to technical difficulties. [onlinelibrary.wiley.com]

Each of these morphologies is associated with a specific underlying pathophysiology. [link.springer.com]

Pathophysiology The pathophysiology of Henoch-Schonlein purpura is not fully understood; however, IgA plays a significant role. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

ALL) Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) Background Epidemiology Incidence (Audemard-Verger, 2015) Children – 3-26/100,000 Adults – 0.1-1.8/100,000 Age – typically diagnosed in children 3-10 years Majority are diagnosed in children 5 years Sex – M F, 1.5:1 Pathophysiology [arupconsult.com]

Abstract Immunoglobulin G is used to both prevent infection in primary immunodeficiency diseases (PIDs) and prevent bleeding in immune thrombocytopenic purpura. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Eight studies evaluated therapy to prevent persistent kidney disease in HSP. [cochrane.org]

Can Henoch-Schönlein purpura be prevented or avoided? Doctors do not know how to prevent HSP. The disease is more common in boys than in girls. Children 2 to 11 years of age are more likely to be affected, but adults can get it too. [familydoctor.org]

However, they have not been shown to reduce the extent or severity of renal involvement, nor did they prevent the development of renal damage. [news-medical.net]